The Vertebrates

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The Vertebrates
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Vertebrate Characteristics

• Vertebrae (backbone)
• Notochord (flexible dorsal rod)
• Nerve cord (hollow) with brain
• Three layers of cells as an embryo
• Coelom (body cavity)
• Tissues and organs
• Endoskeleton

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What are the 5 vertebrate animal groups?

• FISH
• AMPHIBIANS
• REPTILES
• BIRDS
• MAMMALS

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The Vertebrate species breakdown
On a sheet of paper, make a list of as many
animals as you can think of from each of the five
groups.
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The Vertebrate species breakdown
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The Animal Kingdom species breakdown
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The Animal Kingdom species breakdown (without
insects)
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FISH
3 Classes I. Agnatha (Jawless fish) Lamprey
eels Hagfishes
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FISH
3 Classes II. Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous
fishes) Sharks,Rays,Skates
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Ray versus Skate

• Rays are viviparous (bearing live young)
• Skates are oviparous (laying eggs).
• Skates have one or two dorsal fins
• Rays generally do not have a dorsal fin
• Rays have flat plate-like teeth.
• Skates have cusped teeth.

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FISH
3 Classes III. Osteichthyes (Bony Fish) 20,000
species!
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Fish Facts

• Use gills to breathe and swim bladder for depth
• Have scales
• Jaws and Bony skeleton
• Vertebrae provide flexibility (mobility)
• 2-chambered hearts
• most have external fertilization
• highly developed sensory systems smell
• lateral line system fluid-filled canals that
  allow detection of movement and vibration

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Amphibians
FROGS

• double life they start as
• aquatic larva and grow into a
• terrestrial adult!

CAECILIANS
NEWTS
TOADS
SALAMANDERS
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AMPHIBIAN FACTS

• Ectotherms (body temp surroundings)
• Metamorphosis (tadpole to frog)
• 3-chambered heart for more energy
• Breathe through skin (so must stay moist)