Colonial Era America

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Colonial Era America

• An Emerging Unity

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People Settling in the New World became known
as THE GREAT CONVERGENCE or migration The
values and institutions of European life took
root in the colonies.
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England, Spain, and France Claim land because of
the natural geography that exists in the new
world. Which European countries border the 13
English Colonies?
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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COLONIAL REGIONS
Comparison of the South and New England
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Thirteen British Colonies

• As we have seen, all the colonies were very
  different from each other. Yet, some things are
  on the horizon that will help to unify the 13
  Colonies.
• Developing similarities
• Mercantilism
• Forces in play to unify the 13 colonies in 18th
  century.
• 1. The Enlightenment
• 2. First Great Awakening

JOHN LOCKE
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
JONATHON EDWARDS
GEORGE WHITEFIELD
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The Enlightenment in Europe

• A movement among the intellectuals of Western
  Europe that emerged out of the Scientific
  Revolution.
• Universe governed by physical laws
• Society governed by natural laws
• Philosophers attempted to determine what those
  laws were in an attempt to reform society.
• Emphasis on rationality and reason.
• Question tradition, including government and
  religious institutions.

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John Locke

• John Locke (1632-1704)
• Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690)
• Tabula rasa
• Two Treatises of Government (1689)
• Natural law and inalienable rights
• Rulers are subject to the law
• Political contracts

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The American Enlightenment

• American newspapers
• Improved education in colonies
• Numerous grammar schools in New England
• Private tutors in the southern colonies
• Six colleges established
• Harvard College (1636), College of William and
  Mary (1693), and Yale College (1701) were the
  leaders in American higher education.
• Enlightenment influence mainly among upper
  classes.

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First Great Awakening

• Religious revival that spread through all 13
  colonies from 1730s-1750s. Many people felt that
  young people were not embracing the religious
  faiths that had founded the 13 Colonies.
• Prominent ministers Cotton Mather, Jonathan
  Edwards, George Whitefield

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Government and Religion in the British Colonies,
1720
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Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

• 1734, Massachusetts

• God may cast wicked men into hell at any given
  moment.
• The Wicked deserve to be cast into hell. Divine
  justice does not prevent God destroying the
  Wicked moment - do feel and bear the fierceness
  of His wrath.
• At any moment God shall permit him, Satan stands
  ready to fall upon the Wicked and seize them as
  his own
• If it were not for God's restraints, there are,
  in the souls of at any moment.
• The Wicked, at this moment, suffer under God's
  condemnation to Hell.
• The Wicked, on earth - at this very moment -
  suffer the torments of Hell. The Wicked must not
  think, simply because they are not physically in
  Hell, God (in whose Hand the Wicked now reside)
  is - at this very moment - as angry with them as
  He is with those miserable creatures He is now
  tormenting in hell, and who - at this very wicked
  men, hellish principles reigning which,
  presently, would kindle and flame out into
  hellfire,
• Simply because there are not visible means of
  death before them, at any given moment, the
  Wicked should not, therefore, feel secure.
• Simply because it is natural to care for oneself
  or to think that others may care for them, men
  should not think themselves safe from God's
  wrath.
• All that wicked men may do to save themselves
  from Hell's pains afford them nothing if they
  continue to reject Christ.
• God has never promised to save us from Hell,
  except for those contained in Christ through the
  covenant of Grace.
• The wicked will not escape the wrath of God
  unless they repent.

Jonathon Edwards
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Aftermath of Revival

• Many people began leaving the established
  churches and joined other Protestant groups.
• Churches gained 20,000 to 50,000 new members.
• Colleges like Princeton were founded to train new
  ministers.
• Sporadic conversions by African slaves
• Encouraged ideas of equality and the right to
  challenge authority.

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BENJAMIN FRANKLIN ENLIGHTENMENT THINKER
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Ben Franklin's Life

• 1730 Ben marries

• 1737 Poor Richards Almanac

Timeline
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• Benjamin Franklin was born on January 17, 1706 in
  Boston Massachusetts.
• He only spent two years in the local school
  because of lack of money.

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• Ben Franklin began teaching himself the basics of
  geometry and algebra. He also studied and
  partially mastered many different languages.
• At age 12, Ben began working at his brothers
  printing shop.

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Benjamin Franklin the Printer

• From 1723 to 1730, Ben worked as a printer.
• He became partial owner of a print shop in 1728.
• In 1729, Ben started The Pennsylvania Gazette.

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• In 1730 Ben married Deborah Read.
• Benjamin had two sons named William and Francis.
• Ben also had a daughter named Sarah.

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Ben wrote Poor Richard's Almanac.
The Almanac contained the calendar, weather,
poems, sayings and astronomical and astrological
information that a typical almanac of the period
would contain. Franklin also included the
occasional mathematical exercise and plenty of
Franklins wisdom.
He that lives upon Hope, dies farting.

• "Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man
  healthy, wealthy and wise.
• "Snug as a bug in a rug."
• Dont throw stones at your neighbours, if your
  own windows are glass.
• The rotten Apple spoils his Companion.

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Ben Franklin the Inventor

• Bifocals
• A Glass armonica
• The Lightning Rod
• An Odometer
• Franklin Stove

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Bifocals

• Ben invented reading glasses called bifocals.
  Bifocals are eyeglasses that have split lenses.
  One half of the lens helps a person see close and
  one half of the lens helps a person see far away.

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A Glass Armonica

• Ben Franklin also invented a glass harmonica.
  Different size bowls with holes and corks in the
  center were put onto a spindle and rotated by
  foot pedal. Dampened fingers rubbed the edges to
  produce the beautiful sounds.

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The Lightning Rod
Ben Franklin invented the lightning rod. It was
attached to a building, and would attract
lightning. Then the rod would direct lightning
down to the ground so that it wouldn't hit the
building.


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An Odometer

• Ben went out riding one day in his carriage
  to measure the routes. He needed a way to keep
  track of the distance. Ben invented an odometer
  and attached it to his carriage.

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A Wood Stove

• Ben Franklin invented an iron furnace stove.
• It allowed people to safely warm their homes
  using less wood.

Franklin Stove
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He died on April 17, 1790 at the age of 84.

• The Epitaph of Young Benjamin Franklin
• The body of B. Franklin, Printer (Like the Cover
  of an Old Book Its Contents torn Out And Stript
  of its Lettering and Gilding) Lies Here, Food for
  Worms. But the Work shall not be Lost For it
  will (as he Believ'd) Appear once More In a New
  and More Elegant Edition Revised and Corrected By
  the Author.

• When Benjamin Franklin was 22 years old, he wrote
  the epitaph that he imagined might be carved on
  his tombstone. By the time he actually died at
  age 84, he had changed his mind.

• Benjamin Franklin's Final Epitaph

• Benjamin and Deborah Franklin 1790