The Original 13 Colonies

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Thursday, September 25
DO-NOW- Brainstorm free-write You are King or Queen of England, with 13 colonies lying across the Atlantic in North America, under your rule. What rules and policies would you have in place for these colonies? Compile a list and support your ideas with reasons.
TODAYS AGENDA- Do-Now Notes discussion on Mercantilism Worksheet on Merc.
HOMEWORK- PERFECT YOUR BROCHURE PROJECTS Be prepared to present your information tomorrow in pairs Finish Mercantilism worksheet for Monday
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The Original 13 Colonies
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Reasons why England valued its North American
colonies

• 1. The colonies supplied food and raw
  materials
• -
• 2. The colonies purchased large amounts of
  finished English goods
• -

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Reasons why Englands North American colonies
could be problematic

• 1. Widespread, difficult to establish
  government
• 2. A great distance from England itself,
  also making government a challenge

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Besides distance, what other reason did England
have for neglecting its North American Colonies?
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English Civil War

• Civil War from 1640-1660
• Fought between King Charles I and Parliament
• King limited the powers of Parliament by
  demanding taxes of the people
• King is beheaded! (by Parliaments orders)
• Oliver Cromwell takes over, unrest ensues
• Finally King Charles II takes the throne in 1660,
  restored stability

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Economics

• War debts emphasized the need for the colonies to
  contribute to Englands overall economic health.
• The theory of Mercantilism was starting to become
  popular among the nations of Western Europe.

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So, what is this Mercantilism?
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Mercantilism

• A theory that a country should try to collect as
  much bullion (gold and silver) as possible,
  creating wealth and power.
• If a country sold more goods to other countries
  than it bought from them, it would acquire this
  bullion.
• Put Simply To become rich, exports should
  exceed imports

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But how do the colonies fit in to Mercantilism?
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Englands relationship with the colonies

• Believed the Colonies existed to benefit the
  Mother Country England
• England had started the Colonies and had the
  right to benefit from them
• And, Coming Soon
• England would provide armies and ships during the
  French and Indian War to the Colonies.
• England developed a large debt during the French
  and Indian War to defend the Colonies.

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Specific Purposes of the Colonies

• To establish British Naval Power
• building ships
• providing England with ship-related supplies
• providing sailors
• Keep money in the empire!!
• Providing raw materials
• Providing other goods England could not produce
• Tobacco
• Sugar
• Etc.

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Mercantilism

• England at first paid little attention to the
  colonies (civil war)
• Then Charles II came to power,
• Things changed!
• England began exercising power over the colonies
• First by punishing a defiant Massachusetts

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Mercantilism

• England at first paid little attention to the
  colonies (civil war)
• Then Charles II came to power,
• Things changed!
• England began exercising power over the colonies
• First by punishing a defiant Massachusetts

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Mercantilism

• In 1662, the England legalized CT, and in 1636,
  recognized RI
• Both of which took land from Mass.
• Charles II then began to enforce and Issue the
  Navigation Acts!

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Navigation Acts 1651, 1660, 1663, and 1673

• Reinforced Mercantilism
• Colonies exports go only to England and her other
  Colonies
• Imports from elsewhere must go through England
• extra tax will be added 
• All goods (imports, exports) for the Colonies
  must be delivered by English ships.

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Navigation Acts 1651, 1660, 1663, and 1673

• England restricted the colonies from producing
  any goods also made in England!
• England decided could be produced in the
  colonies.
• Colonies are to complement England, NOT compete
  with England!!

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Did the policy of Mercantilism Help or Hurtthe
American colonies?
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• It hurt the colonies!!
• The British could only buy so many goods
• This drained the American economy.
• The colonists had no money to buy what they
  needed if they could not sell their own products.
• All would have to go into debt to obtain these
  goods ?

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Apply your knowledge

• Complete the worksheet
• Great Britain Controls Colonial Trade

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• Stamp Act  Placed tax on newspapers and other
  legal documents.
• Sugar Act  Lowered taxes on products leaving the
  Colonies but raised taxes on imported goods.
• Currency Act  England has the right to set
  currency only.
• Townshend Act  Place taxes on colonial imports
  of everyday goods.
• Declaratory Act  England has right to tax and
  rule over the Colonies