What is Boundaryless Information Flow?

1
What is Boundaryless Information Flow?
2
Background

• Interoperability - an issue for most
  organizations
• A big issue
• Has many meanings
• Need to understand what is really meant by this
  requirement
• Use business scenarios
• Coming up - Our understanding of the
  interoperability requirement!

3
Business Scenarios

• A Business Scenario describes
• Business process, application or set of
  applications
• Business and technology environment
• Relevant people and computing components
• Desired outcome of proper execution
• A good Business Scenario
• Is S.M.A.R.T.
• Enables the supply side to better understand the
  needs of the buy side
• Support the business case for the vendors

4
What Is Meant by Interoperability

• Working definition of interoperability
• The ability of two or more entities or components
  to exchange information and to use the
  information that has been exchanged to meet a
  defined mission or objective

5
Customer Problem Statement

• I could run my business better if I could gain
  operational efficiencies improving
• the many different business processes of the
  enterprise
• both internal, and
• spanning the key interactions with suppliers,
  customers, and partners using
• integrated information, and access to that
  information.

6
Pain Points

• Lack of effectiveness of business operations
• Lost opportunity to add value to the business
• Increasing IT costs
• Lack of effectiveness of IT
• Reduced management control
• Increased operational risk

7
The Criticality of IT Costs
There is a point at which this growth is
unsustainable
We must do something to curb this growth of costs
Cost
Time
8
How Important

• Not having Boundaryless Information Flow where
  systems interoperate, i.e. easily exchange
  information and use that information to improve
  operations, is causing organizations real pain
• 100s of millions in lost opportunities
• Billions spent to make systems interoperate or to
  recover from mistakes
• The risks are not only financial but deal with
  lost lives
• Hospitals, 911/999 systems, Critical
  infrastructure, Air Traffic Control
• respondents to survey taken at conference

9
Forecasts

• Gartner Dataquest forecasts Worldwide End-User IT
  Spending will grow
• from 2.7 US trillion in 2001
• to greater than 3.0 US trillion in 2002 and
• reach 3.4 US trillion in 2003
• The worldwide integration services market is
  expected to see a 25 compounded annual growth
  rate between 2001 and 2005 to 116.5 US billion,
  according to IDC
• CIO magazine survey says companies spend over 35
  on integrating systems and processes

10
Shared Problems
Manufacturing Co 1
Manufacturing Co 2
Manufacturing Co 3
Business Processes Manufacturing Process for Co
1 Scheduling Procurement Human resources,
Business Processes Manufacturing Process for Co 2
Scheduling Procurement Human resources,
Business Processes Manufacturing Process for Co
3 Scheduling Procurement Human resources,
Business Logic Manufacturing Logic for Co
1 Scheduling Procurement Human resources,
Business Logic Manufacturing Logic for Co 2
Scheduling Procurement Human resources,
Business Logic Manufacturing Logic for Co
3 Scheduling Procurement Human resources,
Business Metadata Manufacturing Metadata for Co
1 Scheduling Procurement Human resources,
Business Metadata Manufacturing Metadata for Co 2
Scheduling Procurement Human resources,
Business Metadata Manufacturing Metadata for Co
3 Scheduling Procurement Human resources,
Middleware
Middleware
Middleware
Operating Systems
Operating Systems
Operating Systems
Computer Hardware
Computer Hardware
Computer Hardware
Networks
Networks
Networks
Common problems
11
Shared Problems across Industries
Manufacturing
Banking
Petrochemicals
Business Processes Manufacturing Processes
Scheduling Procurement Human resources,
Business Processes Banking Processes Scheduling P
rocurement Human resources,
Business Processes Petrochemicals
Processes Scheduling Procurement Human
resources,
Business Logic Manufacturing Scheduling Procuremen
t Human resources,
Business Logic Banking Scheduling Procurement Hum
an resources,
Business Logic Petrochemicals Scheduling Procure
ment Human resources,
Business Metadata Manufacturing Scheduling Procure
ment Human resources,
Business Metadata Banking Scheduling Procurement
Human resources,
Business Metadata Petrochemicals
Scheduling Procurement Human resources,
Middleware
Middleware
Middleware
Operating Systems
Operating Systems
Operating Systems
Computer Hardware
Computer Hardware
Computer Hardware
Networks
Networks
Networks
Common problems
12
Problems from
Need to integrate and optimize business processes
13
Problems from
Sell Space
However fundamental issues are
Customer Support Selling
Integrated information
and Access to that information
Internal Space
Manufacturing Legal Finance Assembling
Online Systems
Buy Space
Design Systems
Procuring
ERP Systems
Requirements Systems
Systems
Procurement Systems
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Actually Want This
Sell Space
Customer Support Selling
Internal Space
Manufacturing Legal Finance Assembling
Online Systems
Buy Space
Design Systems
Procuring
ERP Systems
Requirements Systems
Systems
Procurement Systems
15
But Have This
Sell Space
Customer Support Selling
Internal Space
Manufacturing Legal Finance Assembling
Online Systems
Buy Space
Design Systems
Procuring
ERP Systems
Requirements Systems
Systems
Procurement Systems
16
Need for Access
17
Business Environment
Risk Sharing Partners
Government
Lawyers
Banks
Suppliers
External
Internal
Regulatory Body
Customers
The Public
Retail Outlets
Trains
Trucks
Boats
Planes
Offices
Factories
Producing Locations
Research Laboratories
Distribution Centers
18
Business Environment(product lifecycle)

• Internal processes include processes like
• Product definition
• Manufacturing process design and definition
• Inbound logistics
• Workflow / shop floor logistics
• Outbound logistics (fulfillment/delivery)
• Maintenance, and
• Discontinuance

Success is measured in terms of process
efficiency and accuracy!
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Examples of Human Actors

• Clerks
• Analysts
• Engineers
• Materials acquisition and procurement specialists

• Shipping and delivery personnel
• Researchers
• Security specialists
• Suppliers
• Shop floor workers and technicians

People executing processes are always in the
value chain!
20
Business Environment Consider a Product
Lifecycle Example
Simple question, what is the impact of offering
internet connectivity on an airplane or in a car?
Risk Sharing Partners
Government
Lawyers
Banks
Suppliers
Patent attorneys
Product Managers Architects System
Designers Developers
Risk analysts
Product Managers Architects System
Designers Developers
FAA
Regulatory Body
Customers
The Public
Lobbyists
Consumers
Test
Corporate Offices
Factories
Manufacturing Resource Planners
Sales Procurement specialists
Research Laboratories
Development Organizations
Researchers
Product Managers Architects System
Designers Developers
Many people must get engaged, and involves access
to much information that requires integration!
21
Technology EnvironmentNetwork View

• Highly complex
• Heterogeneous
• 1000s of systems
• Information throughout
• Need for some level of information sharing

• Too much information that just cant be easily
  accessed and managed!

22
Technology EnvironmentInformation View

• 1000s of information sources
• 100s of different formats
• Information throughout the network
• Need for some level of information sharing

Remote Desktops/Laptops




Departmental Desktops/Laptops




Departmental Systems


Dept A
Dept B
Dept C
Dept n
Customer Data Product Data Procurement
Data Partner Data Meeting Data Employee
Data Department Data Logistics Data Scheduling
Data

• Too much information that just cant be easily
  accessed and managed!

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Objectives and Measures

• Improve business productivity and effectiveness
  of business operations
• Improve select process performance metrics
• Revenue growth
• Shorter cycles to return on IT investment
• of procurements against standards
• Spend on customizations
• Improve effectiveness of information technology
  organization
• Asset utilization
• Cycle time for rolling out upgrades
• Improve service
• Improve management efficacy
• Reduce risk

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So What Is Boundaryless Information Flow?

• Boundaryless Information Flow is a desired state
  for an enterprises infrastructure specific to
  the needs of the organization
• It has open standard components that provide
  services in a customer's extended enterprise that
  
• Combine multiple sources of information
• Deliver information to the places where that
  information is needed and
• In the right context for the people or computer
  components using that information

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Boundaryless Means

• Structuring the IT so it doesnt create
  boundaries for its own sake
• Being able to deploy IT so that its boundaries
  align with real boundaries that have value and
  utility
• Not creating the sorts of boundaries that make it
  so you cant get there from here.

26
Boundaryless Means

• Boundaries can be eliminated or surmounted easily
  when (and only when) appropriate
• Bridges and gateways are made part of the
  fundamental complement of IT infrastructure
  element
• Appropriate gatekeeper functions are available to
  ensure security, privacy, and other forms of
  autonomy

27
Boundaryless Means

• Boundaries can remain effective but be
  transparent
• Like a shopkeepers glass display case
• The contents of domains with opaque boundaries
  can be selectively exposed using directories and
  locator services
• Like a merchants catalog

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Extending the Reach
Extended to other Organizations - national
language
The Public
Lawyers
Banks
Government
Extended to business Partners - shared industry
language
Risk Sharing Partners
Regulatory Bodies
Customers
Suppliers
Retail Outlets
Trains
Trucks
Boats
Planes
Offices
Within the enterprise - shared company language
Factories
Producing Locations
Research Laboratories
Distribution Centers
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So What Must One Do
Infrastructure
Information

• Understand business processes and information
• Prioritize and Assess
• Create/adapt policies and best practices
• General management guidelines
• Use, management, security policy

• Identify and prioritize business information flow
• Identify sources of information
• Assess mechanisms for information flow
• Register sources and destinations of information
• Develop business architecture

Business

• Plan, develop, test and deploy
• Security services
• Information services
• Brokering services
• Access services

• Research
• Security services
• Information services
• Brokering services
• Access services

Technical
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One Would Have a Lot to Do

• Takes Time
• Costs Money
• Judged on quality and results

• Option 1 - Go it Alone
• Longer elapsed time
• High costs
• Unpredictable quality
• No lasting guarantee
• High risk

• Option 2 - Leverage
• Shorter elapsed time
• Greater industry investment
• Lower organization costs
• Safety in numbers
• Safety in certified standard products
• Shared risk

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The Open Group is Looking at

• Boundary services for protected systems
  security, integrity, discovery
• Political and regulatory limits on information
  flow
• Property rights in a boundaryless world
• Information aggregation and disaggregation
  portals and beyond
• Turning data into information, and knowledge into
  understanding

32
So What Can You Do In The Open Group?
Infrastructure
Information
Business
Technical
33
What Else Can We Do?

• Communicate to CxO levels on the importance of
  the issue
• Muster support from major customer and vendor
  organizations
• Bring the right organizations together DMTF,
  OASIS, OMG, W3C, IETF,

Infrastructure
Information
Business
Technical
34
How
WALMART
Proctor Gamble
EPA

• Information
• V. Specific
• Gap Analysis

An Enterprise Infrastructure that Provides -
integrated information And Access to information
Organization Specific
Implementation Plan Impacts
Manufacturing Vertical Specific Issues

• Retail
• Vertical Impls

Vertical Industry

• Security
• Management
• Directory

Suppliers
Common Systems

• Technical Reference Model
• Standards Information Base

IBM
Foundation
Qualities
Product
Service
Business Requirements
Boundaryless Information Flow TRM
The Open Group
35
Notes on Architecture Models

• It is not intended to
• Create an enterprise architecture that everyone
  must adopt
• But rather
• Establish a technical reference model that could
  be used in conjunction with something like TOGAF
  to provide Boundaryless Information Flow

36
Boundaryless Information Flow - Business Taxonomy
Security Policy

• Mobility Policy

Phone Books/Directories
Information Consumers
Management Organization
Brokers
Development Organization
Information Provider
Performance Service Level
Manageability Policy
37
Boundaryless Information Flow - Technical Taxonomy
Qualities Qualities
Security Policy

• Mobility Policy

Application Platform
Information Consumer Applications
Management Utilities
Brokering Applications
Development Tools
Information Provider Applications
Performance SLAs
Manageability Policy

• Classes of Interfaces - formats and protocols

38
Boundaryless Information Flow

• Information provider services respond to requests
  and provide rudimentary access to information
• Brokering services manage the requests from any
  number of clients to and across any number of
  service providers
• Information consumer services deliver content to
  the user of the system, and serve access requests
  to the information
• Directory services locate information and/or
  application services
• Workflow services automate the delivery of
  information in support of a business process
• Development tools provide modeling, design, and
  construction tools
• Management utilities provide all the necessary
  utilities to operate and manage information and
  the system
• Plus qualities such as security and reliability

QoS
39
A Level 2 Model
Qualities Qualities
Security
Mobility
Application Platform
Information Consumer Applications
Desktop Video Conference
Web Portal
information Access
Streaming audio / video
Mail
Phone / Fax
Directory Referencing/Dereferencing Naming Registr
ation Publish Subscribe Discovery
Application Message Format
Presentation Transformation Browser
services Portal and personalization Meta indices
Application Messaging
Application to application communications services
Languages Libraries Registries
Enterprise Appl Integration
Management Utilities
Brokering Applications
Development Tools
Monitors Executory Utilities Copy Managers
Business modeling tools Design
tools Construction tools Languages and Libraries
Information Brokers Application Integrators
Digital Signature Intrusion Detection Key
Management Firewall Encryption AAAC SSO
Information Access Transformation Mapping Query
distribution Aggregation Search File
services Web services
Info Format eForm services Instant messaging
services
Information Provider Applications
Desktop Video Conference
Web Portal
information Access
Streaming audio / video
Mail
Phone / Fax
Messaging/Event Brokering
Process/Workflow Control
Performance
Manageability
40
A Level 1 Model(side view)

• Directory Services
• Accessed by components on Level 1 model
• Use standard directory interfaces

Management Utilities
Brokering Applications
Development Tools
Information Provider Applications
Information Consumer Applications
Directory services in Application Platform

• E.G. Directory Interfaces - formats and protocols
  

41
Qualities (Security, Manageability, Mobility,
Performance)
Qualities (Security, Manageability, Mobility,
Performance)
This chart is not for general viewing - more of a
chalk board chart
Infrastructure Applications eMail, streaming
vid/aud, Phone/Fax, video conferencing,
collaboration, Management Utilities - Monitors
Executory Utilities Copy Managers, Development
Tools - Business modelling tools Design tools
Construction tools
Business Applications Information Consumer
Applications Web Portals Information Provider
Applications Web Services Apps
Application Programming Interfaces - Classes of
Interfaces - formats and protocols
System Network Management
Software Engineering
Data Management
Location Directory
Data Interchange
Directory Registration Publish Subscribe Discovery
Naming Referencing/Dereferencing (WSDL)
Info Format (XML) eForm services Instant
messaging services
Languages Libraries Registries (WSDL)
Information Access Transformation Mapping Query
distribution Aggregation Search File
services Web services
Graphics Image
Application Message Format (XML)
Security
Application Messaging
Transaction Processing
User Interface
Application to application communications
services (SOAP)
AAAC SSO Digital Signature
Presentation Transformation Browser services Meta
indices Portal and personalization services
Firewall
Enterprise Appl Integration
Encryption
International Operations
Intrusion Detection
Key mgmt
Messaging/Event Brokering
Process/Workflow Control
Operating System Services
Network Services
Communications Infrastructure Interfaces -
Classes of Interfaces - formats and protocols
Communication Infrastructure
42
Removing the Stovepipes
Web Services support Brokering services and
Directory services But there is More To IT!
43
Boundaryless Information Flow and Web Services
Web Server
Web Server
DIR
DIR
Web Server
DIR
Web Services support Brokering services and
Directory services!
44
Whats the Difference?

• There are many efforts going on in this space,
• Global Grid, Global Information Utility, Internet
  Operating System, etc...
• Most efforts either focus on a particular aspect,
  approach, or technology
• The Open Group
• Works with customers on 'end-to-end' business
  problems
• Develops Business Scenarios
• Publishes best practices and product standards
• Is an established Certification Authority
• Ensuring that the pieces and parts have lasting
  guaranteed value to the enterprise

45
Wont it be nice when

• The Open Group membership announces the
  availability of profiles that represent
  collections of standards that can be used to
  produce products that are certified to
  interoperate as specified.
• These profiles represent major building blocks
  necessary for companies to put in open standard
  based services in place which is estimated to
  save companies billions per year and improve
  operational efficiencies.

46
Potential roles
Promote and push for participation within
constituency and partners! Represent constituency
issues.
Promote and push for commitment to interoperate
and conform.
Governing Board
Marketing Sales
Monitor architecture and maintain profile of
architecture building blocks.
Architecture Forum
Own the requirements and champion and monitor
throughout.
Customer Council
Vendor Council
Research
Execute research initiatives.
Own championing the solutions alternatives and
adopting and adapting standards.
Work the consensus process, adapt, adopt and fast
track the appropriate standards.
Certification Business
DIF
EMF
SEC
QoS
Prepare for and execute the downstream
conformance process.
MMF
RT
MSG
External Consortia and Open Source
Provide standards and respond to calls for
standards.
47
We All Have Parts to Play
The Open Group Staff
Customers
Vendors
Customer Council
Vendor Council
Program Forum
We can and will succeed! Together were better.
48
Potential roles DIF
Governing Board

• For thought and discussion
• Own the architecture building blocks for
  directory services.
• Produce technical reports for directory services.
• Best practice for identity management.
• Best practice for building directories.

Marketing Sales
Architecture Forum
Customer Council
Vendor Council
Research
Certification Business
DIF
EMF
SEC
QoS
MMF
RT
MSG
External Consortia and Open Source
49
Potential roles EMF, QoS
Governing Board

• For thought and discussion
• Own the architecture building blocks for
  management, quality of service and information
  services.
• Management and service patterns.
• Best practice policy guidelines.
• Best practice guides for understanding management
  and performance needs.
• General architecture and approaches for policy
  enforcement - e.g. quality of service assurance.

Marketing Sales
Architecture Forum
Customer Council
Vendor Council
Research
Certification Business
DIF
EMF
SEC
QoS
MMF
RT
MSG
External Consortia and Open Source
50
Potential roles RTE
Governing Board

• For thought and discussion
• Own the architecture building blocks for
  information services.
• Own requirements for real time performance needs.
• Best practice policy guidelines.
• Best practice guides for understanding
  performance needs.

Marketing Sales
Architecture Forum
Customer Council
Vendor Council
Research
Certification Business
DIF
EMF
SEC
QoS
MMF
RT
MSG
External Consortia and Open Source
51
Potential roles SEC
Governing Board
Marketing Sales

• For thought and discussion
• Own the architecture building blocks for
  security.
• Security patterns.
• Best practice guides for understanding security
  needs.
• Addressing alternatives to PKI.

Architecture Forum
Customer Council
Vendor Council
Research
Certification Business
DIF
EMF
SEC
QoS
MMF
RT
MSG
External Consortia and Open Source
52
Potential roles Architecture
Governing Board
Marketing Sales
Architecture Forum

• For thought and discussion
• Monitor architecture and maintain profile of
  architecture building blocks.
• Position with TOGAF and TOGAF TRM.
• Own the reference model of architecture building
  blocks.
• Evolve the architecture development method.
• Be a board for review and evolution.
• Look for synergy between forums.

Customer Council
Vendor Council
Research
Certification Business
DIF
EMF
SEC
QoS
MMF
RT
MSG
External Consortia and Open Source
53
Potential roles Vendor Council
Governing Board
Marketing Sales
Architecture Forum
Customer Council
Vendor Council
Research

• For thought and discussion
• Own championing the solutions alternatives and
  adopting and adapting standards.
• Work with customer council to understand
  requirements and alternatives.

Certification Business
DIF
EMF
SEC
QoS
MMF
RT
MSG
External Consortia and Open Source
54
Potential roles Customer Council
Governing Board

• For thought and discussion
• Own the requirements, champion and monitor
  throughout process.
• Voice issues.
• Sell internally in your organizations.
• Participate in forum through liaisons.
• Help buyers speak with one voice about collective
  needs.
• Educating business managers and decision-makers
  on understanding what they need and what they
  should buy.
• Utilize a planning cycle to set priorities for
  year and for each meeting.

Marketing Sales
Architecture Forum
Customer Council
Vendor Council
Research
Certification Business
DIF
EMF
SEC
QoS
MMF
RT
MSG
External Consortia and Open Source
55
Potential roles Board
Governing Board
Marketing Sales
Architecture Forum

• For thought and discussion
• Aggressively promote.
• Push for participation within constituency.
• Push for participation with partners!
• Represent constituency issues.

Customer Council
Vendor Council
Research
Certification Business
DIF
EMF
SEC
QoS
MMF
RT
MSG
External Consortia and Open Source