Dietary Effects on Health ?????????

1
Dietary Effects on Health?????????

• J.E. Pettigrew
• University of IL
• ????????

2
Importance of Health??????

• Animal welfare
• ????
• Resource use
• ????
• Strength of industry
• ????

3
Reduced Antibiotic Use????????

• Heightens the challenge
• ?????
• Focus on health management
• ????????

4
Health Management????

• All-in/All-out pig flow ??????
• Weaning age ????
• Biosecurity ????
• Sanitation??
• Vaccines ??
• Eradication/
• Depopulation-Repopulation
• ??/????-????

5
Dietary Factors????

• Purposes
• ??
• Improve health
• ??????
• Improve performance
• ??????

6
Mechanisms of Dietary Factors?????????

• Alter microbial populations in the digestive
  tract
• ??????????????
• Pathogens ???
• Commensal ???
• Immune effects
• ????
• Others?
• ???

7
Dietary Factors????

• Energy protein sources
• ???????
• Additives
• ???
• Feeding management
• ????

8
Energy Protein Sources???????

• Spray-dried plasma ??????
• Fibrous ingredients ????
• Milk protein products ?????
• Lactose ??
• Egg products, conventional?????

9
Additives (1)??? (1)

• Mannan oligosaccharides ????
• Zinc Copper ???
• Immune egg products ?????
• Acids ???
• Fructo-oligosaccharides ???
• Other oligosaccharides ????

10
Additives (2)??? (2)

• Direct-fed bacteria (probiotics)
• ??????? (???)
• Yeasts/yeast products ??/????
• Essential oils ???
• Bacteriocins ???
• Bacteriophage ???
• Enzymes ???
• Nucleosides ???

11
Feeding Management????

• Low-protein diets
• ?????
• Restricted feeding
• ??
• Fermented liquid feed
• ??????

12
This Presentation????

• Spray-dried plasma ??????
• Mannan oligosaccharide ????
• Zn Cu ???
• Fiber ??
• Low-protein diets ?????
• Immune egg products ?????

13
Meta-Analysis????

• Method of combining experiments
• ?????????????????
• Power ???
• Inference space ????
• Problem Negative results sometimes not
  published
• ?? ?? ???????

14
Spray-Dried Plasma??????

• Use for short time
• ????
• Increases feed intake
• ?????
• Appears to affect immune system
• ??????
• May alter microbial populations
• ???????

15
Spray-Dried Plasma??????
Mean26.8
Van Dijk, 2001
16
Spray-Dried Plasma??????
E. Coli Challenge
17
Spray-Dried Plasma??????

• Dramatically increases growth rate
• ????????
• Protects against disease
• ????????

18
Mannan Oligosaccharide (MOS)???? (MOS)

• Made from yeast cell wall
• ????????

19
MOS - Starting Pigs???? ??
Mean4.4 P0.00003
Miguel et al., 2004
20
Mannan-Oligosaccharides????
21
Preweaning Mortality, ??????,
NT

NT
Pettigrew et al., 2005
22
DGGE-????????
M BM BMC B C M
Ileal digesta
42 d of age
Miguel, 2005
23
Mannan Oligosaccharide (MOS)???? (MOS)

• Improves growth performance of young pigs
• ????????
• Improves sow performance
• ????????
• Changes microbial populations
• ?????????
• Affects immune system
• ??????

24
Zn Cu? ? ?

• Increase growth rate
• ???
• Additive
• ???
• Zn disease resistance
• ? ???
• Environmental concerns
• ????
• Organic Cu, not Zn
• ???, ????

25
Zn Cu? ? ?

Perez et al., 2006
26
This Presentation????

• Spray-dried plasma ??????
• Mannan oligosaccharide ????
• Zn Cu ???
• Fiber ??
• Low-protein diets ?????
• Immune egg products ?????

27
Fiber ??

• Fermentable carbohydrates
• ????????
• Good or bad?? ?????
• Substrate for commensals, which compete with
  pathogens
• ????????????
• Substrate for pathogens
• ??????
• Nonfermentable carbohydrates
• ?????????
• Advantages?
• ???

28
Fiber??

Adapted from Durmic et al.(1998)
29
Pelleting? ?

• May convert insoluble NSP to soluble NSP
• ????????????????????

30
DDGS Ileitis ????????
Adapted from Whitney et al., 2002
31
Our Results? ?
a
ab
b
b
Perez et al., 2006
32
Low-Protein Diets?????

• High protein levels in lower gut lead to
• ????????????
• Undesirable microbial growth
• ???????
• Diarrhea
• ??

33
Low-Protein Diets?????
Adapted from Ajinomoto ?? ?????
34
Immune Egg Products?????

• Immunize hens against pig pathogens
• ???????,???????,??????
• Provide passive immunity to pigs
• ????????

35
Immune Egg Products?????
E. Coli infection Mean-42.4
36
Energy Protein Sources???????

• Spray-dried plasma
• ??????
• Fibrous ingredients
• ????
• Milk protein products
• ?????
• Lactose
• ??
• Egg products, conventional
• ?????

37
Additives (1)??? (1)

• Mannan oligosaccharides ????
• Zinc Copper ???
• Immune egg products ?????
• Acids ???
• Fructo-oligosaccharides ???
• Other oligosaccharides ????

38
Additives (2)??? (2)

• Direct-fed bacteria (probiotics)
• ??????? (???)
• Yeasts/yeast products ??/????
• Essential oils ???
• Bacteriocins ???
• Bacteriophage ???
• Enzymes ???
• Nucleosides ???

39
Feeding Management????

• Low-protein diets
• ?????
• Restricted feeding
• ??
• Fermented liquid feed
• ??????

40
Summary? ?

• Management practices critical
• ????????
• Rich supply of dietary factors
• ??????????????
• Increasing evidence of benefits of some
• ????????,????????????
• Spray-dried plasma ??????
• Immune egg products ?????
• Zinc oxide ???
• Others ??