UHECRs: AGNs or Spiral galaxies?... or Ellipticals?

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UHECRs AGNs or Spiral galaxies?... or
Ellipticals?
with Ghirlanda, Tavecchio, Fraternali,
Pareschi MNRAS, 390, L88
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27 Auger Events gt57 EeV
1 EeV1018 eV

Auger events
The Auger collaboration, 2007, Science
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If the Galactic plane is excluded, 19 out of 21
events do correlate

Virgo
AGNs from VC-V catalogue
CenA
Auger events
The Auger collaboration, 2007, Science
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George, Fabian, Baumgartner, Mushotzky,Teueller
2008 Swift/BAT AGNs
AGNs
Supergalactic coordinates
UHECRs
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98
weighted by flux
84
not weighted by flux
138 AGNs 19 UHECRs with blt15o, d lt25o 57 AGNs
within 100 Mpc
GZK effect
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HIPASS 5000 HI emitting galaxies (21 cm)
Weight for flux and Auger exposure
GG, 2008
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Completeness limit
72
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Cut in distance
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Cut in luminosity
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Virgo
Centaurus
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It is not Cen A, it is the Centaurus cluster (gt40
Mpc)
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100 Mpc
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Can we discriminate between AGN and spirals?
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2777 HI-galaxies (NorthSouth 95 completeness)
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Swift 22 months 242 AGN with z
2777 HI-galaxies (NorthSouth 95 completeness)
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Swift 22 months 242 AGN ? 93 AGN (declt25
blt15 D lt 164 Mpc)
2134 HI-galaxies (declt25 blt15 D lt 164 Mpc
95 completeness)
Pw95.2
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2pt cross correlation function
2.6s
93 AGN (declt25 blt15 D lt 164 Mpc)
2134 HI-galaxies (declt25 blt15 D lt 164 Mpc
95 completeness)
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AGN
D n1/2
HI Gal
N (extracted from HI galaxies)
nn1n2/(n1n2)
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What about Ellipticals?

• If what is important is the local distribution of
  matter, then also ellipticals should correlate.
  Will they correlate better than spirals?

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• 14677 IRAS Galaxies with z
• 4281 all types with
• declt25blt10
• Dlt100 Mpc

Pn46.6
Pw53.5
Preliminary!
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• Ellipticals IRAS
• 549 E0-S0
• declt25 blt10
• dlt100 Mpc

Pn58.2
Pw99.4
Preliminary!
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Progenitors

• AGNs
• Spirals
• Ellipticals

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Progenitors
FAuger 10-11 erg cm2 s-1 Flux for Egt57 EeV

• Easy for AGNs (but they are radio-quiet no g)

In Spirals we can have GRBs and Magnetars, both
should be related to the number of massive stars.
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Integrated HI flux
Apparent magnitude
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Progenitors
FAuger 10-11 erg cm2 s-1 Flux for Egt57 EeV

• Easy for AGNs (but they are radio-quiet no g)
• Short BATSE GRBs 150 yr-1 ltFluencegt10-7
  1/10 nearby ? flux not enough (if Fem FCR)

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Progenitors
FAuger 10-11 erg cm2 s-1 Flux for Egt57 EeV

• Easy for AGNs (but they are radio-quiet no g)
• Short BATSE GRBs 150 yr-1 ltFluencegt10-7
  1/10 nearby ? flux not enough (if Fem FCR)
• Long BATSE GRBs 450 yr-1 ltFluencegt10-6
  very few
  nearby ? (too distant)

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Progenitors
FAuger 10-11 erg cm2 s-1 Flux for Egt57 EeV

• Easy for AGNs (but they are radio-quiet no g)
• Short BATSE GRBs 150 yr-1 ltFluencegt10-7
  1/10 nearby ? flux not enough (if Fem FCR)
• Long BATSE GRBs 450 yr-1 ltFluencegt10-6
  very few
  nearby ? (too distant)
• Giant Flares of Magnetars (flux not enough)

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Progenitors
FAuger 10-11 erg cm2 s-1 Flux for Egt57 EeV

• Easy for AGNs (but they are radio-quiet no g)
• Short BATSE GRBs 150 yr-1 ltFluencegt10-7
  1/10 nearby ? flux not enough (if Fem FCR)
• Long BATSE GRBs 450 yr-1 ltFluencegt10-6
  very few
  nearby ? (too distant)
• Giant Flares of Magnetars (flux not enough)
• Newly born, fastly spinning Magnetars (!!!, but
  went unobserved by BATSE)

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GRB 060218 ???
BAT 15-150 keV
F erg/cm2/s
Toma et al. 2006
Epeak
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GRB 060218 ???
Campana et al. 2006
Opt-UV
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GRB 060218 ???

• Very long, soft, underluminous, nearby (145 Mpc)
• It could not have triggered BATSE
• Proposed to be a newborn magnetar (Soderberg
  2007 Toma 2007)
• Right rate

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Progenitors Ellipticals
2002, ApJ, 571, 226
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Conclusions - I

• UHECRs correlate with spirals
• ?newly born magnetars?
• ECR 1050 erg. Rate 1 every 104 years per
  galaxy
• New class of GRBs (2 per yr all sky) similar to
  GRB 060218 soft, very long, underluminousSN

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Conclusions - II

• UHECRs correlate with ellipticals
• ?Unconspicuos jets?
• Very low power jets, small density, unscreened
  E-field
• NOT CenA its jet is powerful (1045 erg/s),
  we see less because it is misaligned

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GRBs estimates assuming FUHECRsFg

• Short GRBs 490 BATSE in 9 years
• Tot fluence 5.5e-4 cgs.
• If a fraction 10 is nearby ltFgt3.9e-13 cgs
• (assumes BATSE saw half of the sky)
• Long GRBs 1490 BATSE in 9 years
• Tot fluence 0.024 cgs. ltFgt1.7e-10 cgs.
• They can if 10 is very nearby (but it is not).

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Swift 22 months 242 AGN ? 93 AGN (declt25
blt15 D lt 164 Mpc)
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Cosmic Rays (22) BAT/AGN (176)
IRAS Gal (10224 with CR 12872 with AGN) Pn43.8 Pw66.1 Pn30 Pw96.6
IRAS Gal ltS0 (1078 with CR 1127 with AGN) Pn48.3 Pw99.3 Pn67.1 Pw66.6
IRAS Gal gtS0 (9146 with CR 11745 with AGN) Pn42.7 Pw57.7 Pn27 Pw97.3
Pn Prob with number Pw Prob weighted for
galaxies flux Different numbers of galaxies
correspond to different cuts blt10 and dlt24.8
when considering CR (for IRAS completeness and
PAO FOV blt15 and zlt0.5 when considering AGN
(for AGN completeness and IRAS extension in z,
respectively)
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AGN
D n1/2
Ellipt. Gal
N (extracted from elliptical (ltS0) galaxies)
Extract N galaxies (ltS0) and correlate with
galaxies ltS0 and AGN (note that 1.7 is the
saturation value of AGN vs all IRAS galaxies)