1
?????????????????????????
06 06?30? ??????????_at_????
????? D2 ?? ??

• lt??????gt
• ?????????
• 90?????(doped Type? wires?????)
• ?????(doped T-wire?doped V-wires????)
• ????????

2
????????? 1???
Inverse-square-root divergence Density of state
(DOS)
Interesting phenomena appear!! Large exciton
binding energy. Strong absorption of exciton
groundstate. High speed optical modulation
device. High performance laser device.
3
????????? 1?????????????
G. D. Mahan, Phys. Rev. 153, 882 (1967).
??????
?????????????
Band????? and/or Fermi????? ????
4
90????? Calleja????(doped Type? wires)
J. M. Calleja, et al, Solid State Commun. 79, 911
(1991).
PL PL PLE PLE
?? Band? Fermi? Band? Fermi?
Callejas wire Ef4.8meV?100x25nm???????Type II?? no Peak ? Sharp
??????FES?1D???Band???????????????
5
90????? ?????????
T. Ogawa et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 3638 (1992).
FES????????-????????-???????????????
bosonization method , Tomonaga-Luttinger model
The critical exponent is obtained analytically
for an arbitrary mass of a valence hole taking
into account the electronic correlation.
?2D3D?????1D??power-law FES?????????mass??????
6
90????? Hawrylak??????
P. Hawrylak, Solid State Commun. 81, 525 (1992).
?????????????????????????????????
The time evolution of the vertex (G) and
self-energy (C) functions is governed by a set of
nonlinear differential equations
Calculated by standard Runge-Kutta techniques
Electron gas confined in parabolic potential
??????????????????????Fermi?????????????Band?????
????????
7
90????? Rodriguez ??????
F. J. Rodriguez et al, Phys. Rev. B 47, 1506
(1993). F. J. Rodriguez et al, Phys. Rev. B 47,
13015 (1993).
????????????????????????????????????????????????
Solves an effective-Bethe-Salpeter equation
Confinement of parabolic potentials 2 conduction
subband and 1 valence band
?Fermi???????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????Fermi??????????
8
???????
????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????FES??
??????????????????????type II????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
?????????
?????????????????????????????????????? ????????
??????????????????????????????? ????????????????
???????????????????????
9
????? Oberli???? (doped V-wire)
D. Y. Oberli et al, Physica E 11, 224 (2001).
PL PL PLE PLE
?? Band? Fermi? Band? Fermi?
OberlisV-groove wire Ef25meV?????????????Fermi???? Peak Peak ? Broad
???????????????????????????Fermi???????????????
????
10
????? ????? (doped T-wire)
Vg0.7V
PL PL PLE PLE
?? Band? Fermi? Band? Fermi?
Ourdoped Twire Ef6meV???????(1D limit) Peak no Sharp(???) Broad
Fermi?????????????????
11
Doped T-wire?PLPLE??????
high
Temperature
low
????????????????????????????
12
Doped T-wire?PLPLE????????
??????screened HF??
?????????????????????????
high
Electron density
low
??????screened HF?????????????????????????
13
????? doped T-wire with Acceptor states
???????
high
Electron density
low
PL PL PLE PLE
?? Band? Fermi? Band? Fermi?
Accepter Ef6meV???????(1D limit)???Acceptor??? no Peak ? ?
??????????Fermi??????????Band??????????
14
????????????
1D DOS????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????? ????????????
???????????????????????? ???????????????????????(T
-wire?V-wire??) ????????????????????????????????
???????? ? Hawrylak??????????
15
?????????????????
FES?????????????????????(????)????????????????????
?????????????????????????? FES???????????(???????
???????????????) ????Calleja?????????????? ??????
?????????????????????????screened
HF?????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????
????????????????????????FES???????????????????????
????????????? BGR????????????(Ef1meV??EBGR13meV
??????????) Mott???????????????????????????????B
GR?????????????????
?????
???????2D???????????????????????????????????
16
??? ???????PLPLE??????
high
Electron density
low
17
??? ???????????????? ?????????
Analyzed by Haaki Pauli
high
Regard ai 0
Electron hole density
low
18
?????
19
?????????????
3 or 6 ?
1
2
? H. Itoh et al, App. Phys. Lett. 83, 2043 (2003).
Ground state corresponds to 1 1st excited state
corresponds to 2 2nd excited state corresponds
to 3 or 6 ??
20
1D DOS FES ???
21
1D DOS FES ???
?????????????
???????
me mh GDOS GFES ß T µ 1 1002 0.35 0.3 -0.5 0.8 6
22
90????? Rodriguez ??????
mh4me
mh1000me
23
????????????
PL PL PLE PLE
?? Band? Fermi? Band? Fermi?
Callejas wire Ef4.8meV?????????????? (no ?) (Peak ?) ? (Sharp ?)
OberlisV-groove wire Ef25meV?????????????Fermi???? Peak Peak ? Broad
Ourdoped Twire Ef6meV???????(1D limit) Peak no Sharp (???) Broad
Accepter Ef6meV???????(1D limit)???Acceptor??? no Peak ? ?
????????Band??Fermi?????????????????? ????????????
?????????????????
Ogawa??Hawrylak??Rodriguez?????????!?
24
PL and PLE overview
25
How to measure PLE
26
Band diagram
27
??????? Energy plot
28
??????????? Energy plot
29
????????? ????????
90????? J. M. Calleja, et al, Solid State
Commun. 79, 911 (1991). M. Fritze et al., Phys.
Rev. B 48, 4960 (1993). 90????? T. Ogawa et
al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 3638 (1992). P.
Hawrylak, Solid State Commun. 81, 525 (1992).
F. J. Rodriguez et al, Phys. Rev. B 47, 1506
(1993) 47, 13015 (1993). ????? D. Y. Oberli et
al, Physica E 11, 224 (2001).
?????(?????????????????) ? ?? ?????
(????????????????)