Castro "Marine Biology", 5e

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Chapter 12 Estuaries Where Rivers meet the
Sea
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Estuaries

• Semi-enclosed areas where _____water and
  ________meet and mix.
• Interaction of _____and _____!
• Some of the most _______ environments on earth!
• Most affected by ________!
• __________
• __________

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Value of Estuaries

• Protected ____ habitat Home for many!
• Vital ______and ______grounds
• ______built near estuaries because of great
  ________. (shrimp and crab)

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Cape Hatteras Estuary In N. Carolina
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Milford Sound in New Zealand is a fjord a
finger-like inlet surrounded by sheer walls with
a shallow entrance and deep basin resulting in
stagnant, oxygen-depleted deep water.
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4 Types of Estuaries

• ____________________________
• Sea invaded lowlands
• Most common
• Chesapeake Bay
• __________________
• Sand builds up to form sand bars and barriers
• Along Texas coast of Gulf of Mexico

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4 Types of Estuaries

• ____________
• Land sinks or earth moves
• ____________________
• Retreating glaciers cut deep valleys that are
  partially submerged
• Common near Alaska

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Isohaline are the same salt content water. How
many are there?
an IDEAL ESTUARY
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High Tide
Low Tide
The Salt wedge moves in and out with the tide
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Physical Characteristics of Estuaries

• Salinity in a _______________
• Substrate
• _______carry nutrients into estuary by ____and
  ______. Which travels farther?
• ________ silt and clay high in nutrients
• _________ low oxygen in mud b/c bacteria
  respiration.
• ____________bacteria thrive in mud. Why?

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Physical Characteristics of Estuaries

• Water temp ________. Why? When? So?
• ___________organisms during low tides.
• Sun, Drying out, Predation
• Low water clarity causes what problem?

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Types of species living in an idealized estuary
in relation to salinity. The width of the bars
relative numbers of species
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The body fluids of estuarine animals responds in
various ways to the salinity of the water.
Osmoregulator blood salinity stays the same.
Osmoconformerblood salinity will change with the
water salinity.
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Look at the shallow roots of this mangrove tree
reaching above the mud to get oxygen. Why does
mud not have much oxygen in it?
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Cordgrass is an important component of salt water
marshes
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Pickle Weed is a common succulent plant in salt
marshes around the world.
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The Atlantic menhaden is an important commercial
fish spawn offshore and larvae drift with tides
into the estuary to grow.
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The California horn snail is abundant on mudflats
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Mudflat animals in temperate estuaries
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Fiddler on the Mud What is this behavior for?
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_______________play a crucial role in salt
marshes. They help circulate ________ and
_________and expose mudflat organisms to
predation by __________and other animals
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A salt marsh near Atlantic Beach, NC. Many of
these types of marshes have been filled in and
destroyed.
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A mudskipper from the mudflats of a mangrove
forest in New Guinea. Its eyes can see in air.
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An Oyster reef formed by the eastern oyster near
Beaufort, NC are exposed at low tide.
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