WORLD WAR TWO

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WORLD WAR TWO

• 1939-1945

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Smart Start

• What is a superpower?
• Who were the Super powers after WWII?
• How did they become superpower?

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Devastation of Europe and JapanDetermining a
lasting Peace
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Key ideas

• 1. A ravaged Europe struggles to survive
• 2. US occupies Japan and begins to bring
  political change and stability
• 3. Tensions and conflict arises with balance of
  power (Soviets vs. US)

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• 4.WWII cost millions of lives, and billions of
  dollars
• 5. Europe and Japan were left in ruins (Who is to
  pay, how, dont want to repeat WWI aftermath
• 6. Legacy What will be WWII long term effects on
  the world?

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• Warsaw Poland after WWII

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• 40-60 million dead
• Just as many left homeless
• Many civilians killed (2/3?)

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• For the United States
• Physically undamaged helped them to become a
  world leader
• 500,000 US military dead
• Country determined to be progressive
• Men want to return home to a peaceful and
  productive life
• Economy is strong

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• African Americans fought as bravely as any other
  soldiers. This reinforced their desire and
  requests for equality at home

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• IN EUROPE
• Cities devastated by bombing
• 60,595 dead in London
• Warsaw population of 1,289,000 down to 153,000
• Hunger
• Lack of water, electricity
• Total Destruction of governments and
  infrastructure

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• Refugees from the Soviet Union (Dictatorship of
  Stalin)
• Families separated and borders changed
• Few able bodies remained to do hard work
• Survivors of the Holocaust

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• Famine and disease (in August 1945 4,000
  Berliners died every day)
• Victims of Holocaust are catastrophic

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Postwar Government and Politics

• Some governments restored quickly
• Communists (Soviets) promise change support
• France and Italy support for communism lessens
  as economy strengthens

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Western vs. Eastern Influence

• Yalta Conference February 1945 Big 3 powers
  decide who will get what and how they will handle
  the ruined and defeated Germany
• Tensions arise between US and Soviet Union Each
  has own ideals and philosophy on how Europe
  should be after WWII (Communism vs. Democracy)

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Creation of United Nations

• International Organization that pledge to deal
  and handle difficult issues and situations before
  they divided the countries of the world
  (Prevention of another World War)
• United States did join this time
• Better than the league of Nations which failed-
  WHY?

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What about Germany?

• Divided into four zones( Soviet, British, French,
  and US)
• Unconditional surrender
• Be occupied by military force
• Poland to hold free elections
• Changed when FDR died
• Stalin wanted absolute military security and
  power (See more details on Stalin later)

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Nuremberg Trials

• Nazi leaders charged with war of aggression and
  crimes against humanity
• Murdered 11 million
• 22 defendants 12 sentenced to death, cremated
  (like Jews were)

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Effects of Defeat Japan

• 2 million killed
• cities destroyed
• took colonial lands (even those held for
  centuries)

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• citizens turned efforts toward rebuilding
• surrender and endure occupation
• Mac Arthur determined to be fair (dont plant
  seeds for future conflict)
• Demilitarization

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US occupation of Japan

• Emperor denies divine right becomes a
  constitutional monarch, then a figurehead
• Democratization
• Develop a constitution

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• Give up right to fight only entitled to defend
  themselves
• Agreed to US military protection
• US becomes allies with Japan

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In conclusion

• WWII changed the political landscape of Europe
• It weakened some, and strengthened others
• US/USSR had different postwar goals that would
  change the world soon afterwards

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Assignment for Monday

• Read Chapter 20 (pages 634-635) Stop at Cuban
  Missile Crisis
• Complete 4,5,6,7 on page 636