Towards Leadership in Telecom Technologies

1
Towards Leadership in Telecom Technologies

• Ashok Jhunjhunwala, IIT Madrasashok_at_tenet.res.in

2
Worlds Second Largest Telecom Market

• Area 3,287,263 Square kilometers
• Population (2007) 1.13 Billion
• 22 National Recognized Languages
• Literacy Rate (2007) 65
• GDP 1171 Billion USD
• Average Annual Growth Rate
• Population 1.6 (slowing)
• GDP- gt9

Trade Trade
Exports (US billion) 159
Imports (US billion) 240
Top 3 export markets US (13) UAE (10) China (7)
Top 3 import partners China (11) Saudi Arabia (8) UAE (6)
Source FICCI/ Exim bank
3
... One of the fastest Growing Ones

• One of the fastest growing economies in Asia.
• Annual GDP growth rate of gt9 over next 5-10
  years
• Set to emerge as 3rd largest economy in the world
  by 2020
• Major global hub for IT IT enabled services
• By 2010
• Literacy Rate 80
• Middle Class 32 (exploding)
• Poverty 16 (declining)

4
Indias Telecom Story is now well known

• Growing at 10 million lines per month
• Largest telecom market in the world
• But India was struggling at under 10 million
  lines in 1994
• Growing at 1 million per year
• What happened?
• Liberalization of Telecom
• Wireless technology
• Reduce CAPEX
• Fast build-up
• Low maintenance cost / OPEX
• Affordable tariff

5
Lowest Mobile Tariff in the world drives growth
in India
USD
6
But it is not all about Telecom Service

• India has done well as a Design House today

7
India is already a Design house

• Systems
• Telecom MNCs design in India
• Indian companies excel in providing design
  services
• Sasken, Wipro Infosys, TCS, Tata LXI, Hughes
• Telecom Start-ups (Beeceem and Telsima) sets
  their deign teams
• Indian Product companies emerge (Tejas, Midas)
• Semiconductors
• More of semiconductor development in India by MNC
  
• TI, ADI
• Indian start-ups emerging (Cosmic, Redpine)
• Multiple companies continue to provide design
  services

8
India Amongst the Leaders
9
What does it take for India to become Technology
Leader?

• Short-term goal of making royalty outflow
  negligible

10
India imports most systems today

• Except to a small extent from
• Tejas Networks, Midas Communications, Telsima
• Who own IPR for their products
• IPR price for GSM (infrastructure / handset) even
  at this late stage of technology
• Would be estimated at USD 15 per line
• Embedded in price of components, systems,
  software
• More for other systems
• Seriously impacts CAPEX investment requirements
  and bottom line for operators
• Typically four essential IPR in a standard can
  neutralize the royalty outflows from a country
• Would still require business aspects to be sorted
  out

11
To make India a leader inWireless Technology

• India takes an initiative three years ago
• to create a public-private organizationCenter of
  Excellence in Wireless Technology
• Initially funded Government industry 21
• To be Lead by Academia
• Attract top RD talent from around the world
• Drive Research towards IPR creation
• Create a cluster of Industrial RD around it
• and CEWiT initiates set up of Broadband Wireless
  Consortium of India (BWCI)
• Telecom operators, Academia, Government /
  Regulators, Product Industry, Semiconductor
  Industry
• To define and drive RD and standardization to
  make India leader in wireless technology

12
CEWiT Objectives

• Bring together wireless industry stake-holders
• align their pre-competitive RD efforts
• Involve all IITs/IISc in the IPR-driven research
  effort
• Focus on Next Generation Standards
• Feed Indian requirements and specifications in
  International wireless Standards bodies
• Conduct mission-oriented research towards IPR for
  4G
• Focus on Indian requirements (high system
  capacity)
• Early technology trials of Indian-made prototypes
  along with industry
• Work with regulators to anticipate issues related
  to spectrum / licensing

13
4G Global standards activity
14
Indias 4G Requirements

• CeWiTBroadband Wireless Consortium of India
  (BWCI)
• Developed by Operators subgroup of BWCI
• BWCI released document in Sept 2007
• Highlights important points of departure from
  international requirements
• Primary broadband connection for the masses
• Not just an additional mobility tool
• Need sustained gt 512 kbps per user
• At mobile phone cost point
• Indian cellular ecosystem is different
• Urban cells 200 800 m radius rural 15 km
• Spectrum per operator tight ? need 11 re-use
• Severely interference-limited
• 85 users nomadic and in-building ? coverage an
  issue

15
Requirements derived out of business case for
Broadband?

• Dense Urban (Case Mumbai)
• 70 of 16M people 600 sq Km
• 3733 households per sq km
• 50 wireless internet subscribers
• 1866 wireless internet/sq km
• cell radius 0.75 km
• 3300 subscribers/cell
• Assuming 5 competitive operators
• 660 subscribers/operator/cell

• Urban (Case Pune)
• 70 of 4.2M people 400 sq Km
• 1470 households per sq km
• 60 wireless internet subscribers
• 882 wireless internet/sq km
• cell radius 1 km
• 2800 subscribers/cell
• Assuming 5 competitive operators i
• 560 subscribers/operator/cell

• Typical scenarios evaluated by Indian operators
• Technology must have sufficient coverage (up to 3
  km) within regulatory constraints without
  capacity loss

Wireless technology needs to support 500 to 800
Broadband subscribers /operator / cell
16
What would a subscriber use?
Sustained data rate per user (Kbps)
Service Features Mobility Class
Internet browsing DSL or cable modem quality Individual peak rate 1Mbps Average (incl read time) 64kbps DL/16 kbps UL Portable / Mobile Peak rate when mobile could be somewhat lower
Video multicast 25/30 frames per second, normal sized screen (640 x 480) 2-3 hrs of continuous feed _at_ 750 kbps 1.5 Mbps (MPEG 4) Portable
Real-time Interactive Classroom/Video Conferencing Bursty, lower frame-rate acceptable, 1hr/1.5hr sessions 64 - 256 kbps Portable
Computing / Thin clients Always on 512 kbps DL / 256 kbps UL sustained Portable / Nomadic
File transfer / conferencing uploads Low frame rate acceptable, delay acceptable Short sessions of few minutes 64 -256 kbps Portable / Nomadic Mobility optional
Background trickle (Audio, ticker broadcast etc) 20-30kbps Portable / Mobile
17
India would need closer to 10 bps/Hz/cellas
operators unlikely to get more than 10 MHz
512 kbps 1 Mbps
18
India Broadband Wireless Requirements

• India Requirements presented to
• 802.16m in Sept 2007
• LTE-A in April 2008
• Both bodies have included India-specific
  requirements
• 85 users nomadic, in-building Cell-edge users
  camp at cell-edge
• Cell-edge user also needs gt512 kbps
• Without consuming all the spectrum resource
• Cells as small as 200m radius Increases
  cell-edge area
• In-building users distributed vertically
• Stronger interference at higher floors (not
  captured in typical path loss models)
• Large rural cells

Frequency re-use 11
19
CEWiTs RD towards standards

• CEWiTs focus significant improvement in
  cell-edge performance
• With modest complexity in terminal
• CEWiT responsible for focus on nomadic, cell-edge
  user in LTE-A and 802.16m
• Several proposals in both standards
• Vision Make 4G (starting with 3G) do for
  broadband in India what 2G did for telephony

20
Some key proposals from CeWiT

• New 2-D Phase Offset Diversity (2D POD) Scheme
  for 2-antenna and 4-antenna BTSs
• Better than existing Alamouti code for cell-edge
  in terms of receiver implementation
• Can suppress interference from neighboring BTSs
  with no additional complexity
• Included in 802.16m SDD Text
• detailed algorithm being incorporated in standard

21
Improving Cell Edge Performance

• Conjugate Data Repetition (CDR) 2D POD for cell
  edge downlink data
• Equivalent to 12 re-use for select users
• Better than 13 available now
• Can suppress 1 - 4 interferers at 0 9 dB
• Gives cell-edge performance much better than
  current target
• Target kept low by vendors (resisted by
  operators)
• Low target is a problem for Indian requirements
• In principle acceptance for 802.16m SDD text

22
Key Proposals ICIC

• Inter-Cell Interference Cancellation (ICIC)
• Low bit-rate, low latency links between
  neighboring BTSs used to implement BTS
  co-operation
• Baseline for 802.16m and LTE-A is 2-antenna
  subscriber terminal
• Combination of BTS co-operation and receiver
  processing to suppress up to 2 significant
  interferers (neighboring BTSs)
• Ensures 11 re-use for nomadic cell-edge users
• Needs channel information feedback from user
  terminals
• Mobile users can use 12 re-use CDRPOD
• Framework for ICIC implementation already in
  802.16m as well as LTE

23
Other Proposals (contd.)

• Better preamble for synchronization
• Orthogonal pilots with PN cover
• Pilot density reduction targeting low-mobility
  situation
• Will result into higher payload
• Relays for Coverage extension as well as data
  rate enhancement
• CeWiT supported by Indian Operators
• Also supported by Indian design house like TCS
• As well as Indian operation of multinational
  companies like Samsung India

24
Achievements so far

• Significant IPR created by CEWiT towards 4G
• Overall goals of International standards bodies
  aligned with Indian requirements
• Focus on cell edge, interference, nomadic users
  is due to India
• 802.16m
• At least two essential Indian contributions
  introduces in standards
• Two more essential contributions under
  consideration
• LTE-A
• Four Indian contributions (essential category) in
  study phase

25
Core Network, Services, Terminals

• BWCI Working Group IV formed in 1Q08
• Mostly India-centric agenda
• Some issues may need liason with 3GPP SA WG /
  Wimax Forum / NGN Forum / IEEE Ethernet
• Agenda for 2009
• Evolved IP Services
• Layer 3 Radio Protocols
• Packet Transport Networks and Evolution
• Indian language support on terminals
• Efficient character-set for SMS
• Standard keypad layout

26
BWCI timetable for 4G activities
status Activity Key participants
Spell out our requirements clearly operators, govt.
Participate in standards process CEWiT Operators
Feed research to standards CEWiT other members (TCS, Samsung,)
2008-09 Build technology demonstrators vendors, semicon. cos., IT industry
2008-09 Multi-standard co-existence and spectrum utilization govt., CEWiT, operators
2008-10 Core Network Study Groups Operators, vendors, IT industry
2009-10 Conduct field trials likely participation of Israeli REMON in 802..16m trial, and of German EASY-C consortium in LTE-A trial tech. demonstrator team, host operators, CEWiT
27
Current Challenge for Indian Operators

• ProfitabilityCell phone in each village
• Broadband to each home

28
Future Challenges for Opeartors

• As telecom subscribers grow rapidly
• Additions largely from tier 2 towns and rural
  areas
• Falling Average Revenue per month (ARPU)
• USD 4 per month
• Lower CAPEX and OPEX
• Lowest cost next generation broadband wireless
  network
• Significant ARPU to neutralize royalty outflow
• Design and Manufacturing in India
• Reduce cost of equipment
• Neutralize royalty outflow
• Power Supply for Base Station dominate OPEX
• More Services to drive ARPU
• New voice based services
• Mobile Payments

29
Tejas drives Optical Products to enable Networks
for Cost-effective, Scalable Bandwidth
Converged Networks- for Voice Data Increasing
tele-density and driving 2G to 3G/4G
evolution New business services (Ethernet/virtual
private lines) High capacity needs of Internet
2.0, Triple play etc.
Network Trends
30
Complete range of Network products

• TJ2000 Series (Portfolio FY09)
• Carrier-Ethernet over Fiber for pure-data
  requirements
• Same blades usable in MSPP products
• 1Gbps Backhaul for Access Networks

• TJ100/TJ1000 Series (Portfolio FY08)
• NG-SDH MSPPs for Access/Aggregation
• For TDM/Data-mixed applications

• TJ3000 (OEM Portfolio FY09)
• CWDM/DWDM for high-bandwidth metro core networks
• Up to 80-channels per node

• TJ16xx (Portfolio FY09)
• STM-64 for Aggregation

• TJ17xx (Portfolio FY10)
• 80G and 160G optical cross-connects in
  Metro/regional Core Networks

Core
Aggregation
Access
ENTERPRISE ETHERNET SERVICES
31
Preparing for Tomorrows Cellular Infrastructure

• Lower cost Base Stations
• Low Power Base Stations
• Next Generation Base Stations
• Consisting of
• Low Noise Amplifiers, Power Amplifiers, A/D and
  D/A
• And so low power
• Software driven base stations
• So that new base stations become software change
  rather than hardware as new standards evolve
• Fibre (with DWDM) backhaul carrying a digitized
  signals to central Base Station Processing unit
  (BSPU)
• BSPU is Core Computing with parallel processing
• Similar to that used today for billing, network
  management and customer care today

32
LightGSM low cost low power base stations to
reduce CAPEX / OPEX
Expand coverage using LightGSM LightGSM hotspot
on demand to cover a single village Existing
towers for back haul from remote hotspots Use
existing transport network for traffic aggregation
LightGSM hot spots
33
Rural Cell-Sites
Cell Site With AC Mains (4-8 hrs)
Cell Site Only on Solar Power
34
To drive ARPU up

• Come up with innovative services

35
Mobile Payment Forum of India

• MPFI - a forum to enable Mobile Banking in India
• To allow a normal mobile phone user to transfer
  money (tentatively of up to USD 100) at minimum
  cost
• Brings together Service Providers, Financial
  Inclusion Institutions, Academia and Regulators,
  Banks, Telecom Operators

Operative Guidelines for the banks has been made
operational from 1st week of October Started
with 51 members, now over 109 members from over
50 organizations Working on Operative Guidelines
for Financial Inclusion Planned inter- working
standards, KYC norms, Financial Inclusion, Cash
Wallets etc.
http//www.mpf.org.in
36
While world is focusing on data services

• Driving voice based services
• Rural India far more comfortable with voice
• Not comfortable interacting with text
• Back-end computer to interact with customers in
  natural language voice
• Speech recognition
• Text to Speech
• Multi-language (14 languages and multiple
  dialects)
• Voice based authentication
• Voice Internet
• Voice based Information System (web / private
  networks)
• Voice based transaction system

37
What more will it take to obtain Tech Leaderhip?

• Quality Faculty 100
• Research Scholars 300
• Industry 10
• RD personnel 300
• State funding USD 3-4/yr

38
To Sum Up

• India takes first steps
• To be amongst the technology leader
• To enable reduce CAPEX / OPEX and enhance revenue
  for operators
• Innovation needed

39
Some Issues associated with current Spectrum
bidding

• Bid for 3G as well as BWA (4G) spectrum

40
Must avoid mistakes of Europe

• Europe over-bid for 3G
• Most operators became near bankrupt
• Lost of trimming and mergers for survival
• Service charges high
• Slow take off
• Indian operators must not over-bid
• But at least five major private operators
• Many more smaller ones
• Bidding slots 2 4 frequency slots
• Shortage may result in panic bidding
• Solution
• Find more spectrum
• Allow sharing of spectrum

41
Some other issues

• BWA spectrum bid claims technology neutrality
• But does not regulate so that multiple operators
  can function with multiple technologies
• could result into disputes and litigation later