Classical Condition

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Classical Condition
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Classical Conditioning

• Discovered by Ivan Pavlov
• Unconditioned stimulus (UCS/US)
• Unconditioned response (UCR/UR)
• Conditioned stimulus (CS)
• Conditioned response (CR)
• Neutral stimulus

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Pavlovs Model

• Bell
• Food
• Salivation
• What elicits (draws forth) what
• reflexes

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Classical Conditioning Properties

• UCS-UCR usually physiological
• Trial
• Neutral stimulus paired with UCS
• After a number of trials, has neutral become CS?
• Example injections

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Generalization

• Response to similar stimuli
• Generalization gradient
• Survival value

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Discrimination

• Response to some stimuli, but not others
• Not the same as discrimination as a behavior
  component of bias
• If discrimination is too fine, what can happen?

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Extinction

• CS not followed by UCS
• Spontaneous recovery
• Forgetting vs inhibition

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Taste Aversion

• One-trail learning
• Preparedness biologically ready for certain
  stimuli over other stimuli
• Animals
• Rats
• Birds monarch butterflies
• Humans
• Bitterness
• Comfort foods

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Conditioned Emotional Response

• Positive or negative emotion when exposed to
  stimuli that went with a pleasant or painful
  event.
• Example The hospital revisited. A happy ending.

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Explanations of Classical Conditioning

• Substitution of stimuli (Pavlov)
• Contiguity theory
• Cognitive perspective (Rescorla)

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Best Conditioning

• US before NS?
• NS before US?
• US and NS at same time?

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Classical Conditioning Reason

• CS enhances prediction of UCS
• Avoidance (lab rats)
• Escape (lab rats)
• Hopeless dogs spread no tails

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Little Albert

• The cast (?)
• White rat
• Albert
• Hammer on metal loud noise
• Startle/cry
• Rabbit
• Dog

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Emotional Conditioning

• Negative
• Positive

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Systematic Desensitization

• Learn to relax
• Anxiety hierarchy
• Imaging (VR?)
• Alterations in hierarchy
• Small vs large steps

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