Classical Conditioning

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Classical Conditioning

• Ivan Pavlov Russian Scientist

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Pavlovs Apparatus
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Pavlovs Apparatus ctd.

• Pavlov harnessed a dog and placed food on the
  dogs tongue. What do you think the dog did?
• Then, Pavlov paired the food with the sound of a
  bell. What did the dog do?
• Eventually, Pavlov only sounded the bell. What
  was the dogs response at the sound of the bell?

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Classical Conditioning Terms

• Unconditioned Response (UR)
• A reflexive, natural behavior (dog drooling)
• Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
• A stimulus that brings about unconditioned
  response (the food)
• Neutral Stimulus
• Doesnt initially bring about a response (what
  was it in the Pavlovian model?)
• Conditioned Response (CR)
• Happens through repeated pairings of the neutral
  stimulus (bell) and the US (the food)
• Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
• A previously neutral stimulus (the bell) is
  paired repeatedly with an US and begins to get a
  CR

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Processes of Classical Conditioning
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Classical Conditioning More Terms

• Trial the pairing of the UCS CS
• Acquisition initial stage in learning
• when the dog drools for the first time at only
  the sound of the bell

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Classical Conditioning More Terms

• Extinction The CR (drool) will gradually weaken
  and eventually disappear when CS (bell) is
  presented without the US (food)
• Spontaneous Recovery the CR (drool) will
  suddenly appear in response to a CS (bell)
• Reconditioning when CS (bell) and US (food) are
  paired together, the CR (drool) is likely to be
  learned more quickly

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Acquisition, Extinction, Recovery
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More Classical Conditioning Terms

• Stimulus Generalization
• CR (drool) is brought about by stimuli similar to
  the original CS (bell)
• Stimulus Discrimination
• The ability to differentiate among related
  stimuli
• Higher-Order Conditioning
• A previously neutral stimulus comes to elicit a
  CR when it is paired with a CS that already
  produces the CR

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Higher-Order Conditioning
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Stimulus Characteristics that Strengthen the CR

• The more often the CS (bell) is paired with the
  US (food), the stronger the CR (drool) will be.
• The strongest CR occurs when the CS is presented
  first and remains present throughout the
  administration of the US.
• A stronger US will lead to faster conditioning
  than a weak one.

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Examples of Classical Conditioning

• Classical conditioning helps explain the
  development of conditioned emotional reactions

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Examples of Classical Conditioning

• Principles of classical conditioning may help
  explain phenomena that range from drug cravings
  to acquired taste aversion.
• Even immune-system responses can be classically
  conditioned!
• How have you been classically conditioned?