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VE Input Devices(I)

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VE Input Devices(I) Doug Bowman Virginia Tech Edited by Chang Song Goals and Motivation Provide practical introduction to the input devices used in VEs Examine common ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: VE Input Devices(I)


1
VE Input Devices(I)
  • Doug Bowman
  • Virginia Tech
  • Edited by Chang Song

2
Goals and Motivation
  • Provide practical introduction to the input
    devices used in VEs
  • Examine common and state of the art input devices
  • look for general trends
  • spark creativity
  • Advantages and disadvantages
  • Discuss how different input devices affect
    interface design

3
Input devices
  • Hardware that allows the user to communicate with
    the system
  • Input device vs. interaction technique
  • Single device can implement many ITs

4
Human-computer interface
User interface software
Input devices
System Software
Output devices
User
5
Human-VE interface
Env. model
Display(s)
Simulation loop -render -check for
events -respond to events -iterate
simulation -get new tracker data
Tracking system
Input device(s)
6
Input device characteristics
  • Degrees of Freedom (DOFs) DOF composition
    (integral vs. separable)
  • Range of reported values discrete/continuous/hybr
    id
  • User action required active/passive/hybrid
  • Intended use locator, valuator, choice,
  • Frame of reference relative vs. absolute
  • Properties sensed position, motion, force,

7
Practical classification system
  • Desktop devices
  • Keyboards,
  • 2D mice and trackballs,
  • pen-based tables,
  • joysticks,
  • 6DOF devices for the desktop
  • Tracking devices
  • 3D mice
  • Special-purpose devices
  • Direct human input

8
Desktop devices keyboards
  • Chord keyboards1
  • Arm-mounted keyboards2
  • Soft keyboards (logical devices)

9
Desktop devices 6-DOF devices
  • 6 DOFs without tracking
  • Often isometric
  • Exs Fig. 4.4 SpaceBall 5000, SpaceMouse Plus,
    SpaceOrb

10
Tracking Devices
  • Motion tracking
  • Eye tracking
  • Data Gloves

11
Tracking devices position trackers
  • Measure position and/or orientation of a sensor
  • Degrees of freedom (DOFs)
  • Most VEs track the head
  • motion parallax
  • natural viewing

12
Other uses for trackers
  • Track hands, feet, etc.
  • whole body interaction
  • motion capture application
  • Correspondence between physical / virtual objects
  • Props5,6
  • spatial input devices

13
Tracking physical objects (props)
14
Motion Tracking
  • Critical characteristics
  • Range, latency, jitter (noise or instability),
    and accuracy
  • Different motion trackers
  • Magnetic
  • Mechanical
  • Acoustic
  • Inertial
  • Optical
  • Hybrid

15
Electromagnetic trackers
  • Exs Polhemus Fastrak, Ascension Flock of Birds
  • Most common
  • Used with conventional monitors (for fishtank VR)
    Small workbench displays
  • Transmitter
  • Receiver(s)
  • Noisy
  • Affected by metal objects -gt distort the magnetic
    field

16
Inertial trackers
  • Inertial measurement devices angular gyroscopes
    linear accelerometer
  • Exs Intersense IS-300, Intertrax2
  • Less noise, lag
  • Only 3 DOFs (orientation)

17
Optical/vision-based trackers
  • Reflected or emitted light
  • Exs Vicon, HiBall, ARToolkit
  • Advantages
  • accurate
  • can capture a large volume
  • allow for untethered tracking
  • Disadvantages
  • may require light emitting diodes(LEDs)
  • image processing techniques
  • occlusion problem

18
Optical/vision-based trackers
  • Outside-in or inside-out system
  • Sensors/landmarks tracked objects/environment
  • Setting up vision-based tracking system can be
    difficult

19
Hybrid tracking
  • Ex IS-600 / 900
  • inertial (orient.)
  • acoustic (pos.)
  • additional complexity, cost

20
Tracking devices eye tracking
21
Tracking devices eye tracking
  • User controlling a mouse pointer strictly with
    his eyes.
  • Gazed direction based
  • Head-tracker as an approximation to where the
    user is looking. Problem can occur.
  • Improve these gaze-directed techniques

22
Tracking devices bend-sensing gloves
  • CyberGlove7, 5DT
  • Reports hand posture
  • Gesture
  • single posture
  • series of postures
  • posture(s) location or motion

23
Tracking devices pinch gloves
  • Conductive cloth at fingertips
  • Any gesture of 2 to 10 fingers, plus combinations
    of gestures
  • gt 115,000 gestures

24
Case study Pinch Gloves
  • Pinch gloves are designed to be a combination
    device (add a position tracker)
  • Very little has been done with Pinch Gloves in
    VEs - usually 1 or 2 gestures for
  • Object selection
  • Tool selection
  • Travel

25
Characteristics of Pinch Gloves
  • Relatively low cost
  • Very light
  • Users hand becomes the device
  • Users hand posture can change
  • Allow two-handed interaction
  • Huge number of possible gestures

26
Characteristics of Pinch Gloves II
  • Much more reliable than data gloves
  • Support eyes-off input
  • Can diminish Heisenberg effect
  • Support context-sensitive gesture interpretation

27
Pinch Gloves in SmartScene13
  • Lots of two-handed gestures
  • Scale world
  • Rotate world
  • Travel by grabbing the air
  • Menu selection

28
Pinch Gloves for menus
  • TULIP system14
  • ND hand selects menu, D hand selects item within
    menu
  • Limited to comfortable gestures
  • Visual feedback on virtual hands

29
Pinch Gloves for text input
  • Pinch Keyboard14
  • Emulate QWERTY
  • Pinch finger to thumb to type letter under that
    finger
  • Move/rotate hands to change active letters
  • Visual feedback

30
Combining Bend-Sensing Data and Pinch Input
  • Both the Pinch Gloves and bend-sensing gloves
    have limitations
  • The Flex and Pinch input system is an example of
    an input device that combines the functionality
    of the Pinch Gloves system with the bend-sensing
    technology of a data glove
  • Figure 4.15
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