Chapter 27, Section 5: The End of the War

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Chapter 27, Section 5The End of the War

• Main Idea In the Pacific, the Japanese continued
  to resist American advances until two atomic
  bombs were dropped on their home islands.

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A. Island Hopping in the Pacific

• 2 main goals of US in Pacific regain Philippines
  invade Japan
• Island Hopping capturing some Japanese held
  islands going around others to use them as
  stepping stones toward Japan
• MacArthur returns to Philippines, Americans
  capture Iwo Jima Okinawa
• Kamikazes crashed planes into US ships (USS
  Emmons)
• US planned to invade Japan in Autumn of 1945, but
  expected very high casualties (up to 1 mill)

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Japanese Kamikaze PlanesThe Scourge of the
South Pacific
Kamikaze Pilots
Suicide Bombers
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1st US victory over Japan
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B. Defeat of Japan

• Potsdam Declaration Allies warned Japan to
  surrender or face prompt and utter destruction.
  (meaning the newly developed atomic bomb
  Manhattan Project). Japan ignored (didnt know).
• 8/6/45 Enola Gay drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima,
  destroying 80 of city killing over 70,000.
  Japan still doesnt surrender.
• 8/9/45 US drops 2nd bomb on Nagasaki
• Japan surrenders on 8/14 (V-J Day). Formal
  ceremony takes place on USS Missouri in Tokyo
  Bay. War is over!

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Tinian Island, 1945
Little Boy Fat Man
Enola Gay Crew
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Hiroshima August 6, 1945

• 70,000 killed immediately.
• 48,000 buildings. destroyed.
• 100,000s died of radiation poisoning cancer
  later.

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Nagasaki August 9, 1945

• 40,000 killed immediately.
• 60,000 injured.
• 100,000s died ofradiation poisoning cancer
  later.

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V-J Day (September 2, 1945)
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C. Counting the Costs

• Death Toll WWII was the deadliest war in
  history (estimated 30-60 mill. killed)
• Much of Europe Asia destroyed (houses, roads,
  bridges, RRs, factories, farms, etc)
• Bataan Death March Japanese forced 60,000
  American Filipino POWs to march 100 miles w/out
  food or water (10,000 died or killed)

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WW II Casualties
Each symbol indicates 100,000 dead in the
appropriate theater of operations
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Japanese War Crimes Trials
General Hideki Tojo
Bio-Chemical Experiments
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D. The Holocaust

• Allied forces discovered the Nazi death camps
  at end of war in Europe
• Over 12 million victims (Jews, Poles, Slavs,
  gypsies, etc.) were starved, tortured murdered
  at concentration camps such as Auschwitz Dachau
• Throughout the war, the Nazis sent undesirables
  to these extermination camps as they conquered
  nations, hoping to rid Europe of these groups.
• After the war, Nazi leaders were put on trial for
  war crimes (Nuremburg Trials). 12 were sentenced
  to death, thousands of others were imprisoned.
  Many, however, escaped.

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The Nuremberg War TrialsCrimes Against Humanity