Programme Interd

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Programme Interdépartemental
Programme sur lAval du Cycle et lEnergie
Nucléaire - Programme on the backend of the fuel
cycle and on nuclear energy
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• The voice of CNRS in the field of nuclear energy
  must be enforced! an issue of societal dimension!
• Our credibility is not yet at the level of the
  perception of our competence.

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CNRS - PACEN Objectives, Organisation, Community

• I) Strong implication in the support of the
  french strategy.
• In 6 GNR ( groupement nationale de recherche )
  with CEA, ANDRA, IRSN, BRGM, EDF, AREVA.
• II) Direct collaborations of the reserach
  laboratories with the actors of nuclear industry
• GL ANDRA, contracts with industry
• III) European collaboration of CNRS and
  Universities
• 7th FWP/EURATOM
• Member of european technology platforms SNE-TP
  and IGD-TP
• Teaching member of ENEN .
• IV) Science beyond the national strategy
• 4 Programmes Communs de Recherche the PCRs in
  international collaboration thorium fuel cycle,
  molten salt reactors, accelerators of protons and
  ADS, project MYRRHA, social sciences

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PACEN Objectives

• Mobilisation of the academic competences
• Three themes
• Futur nuclear energy (Scenarios, futur reactors,
  recycling, transmutation, innovant materials)
• GNR GEDEPEON, PARIS, MATINEX PCR APHIT, ANSF,
  GUTEC
• Management of nuclear waste (Materials of
  confinement, nuclear waste disposal,
  environnemental questions)
• GNR FORPRO, TRASSE, PARIS, MOMAS, MATINEX PCR
  GUTEC
• Nuclear energy and society
• PCR ACSSON

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The community of PACEN

• A large spectrum of scientific disciplines
• Nuclear physics
• Radiochemistry
• Physical chemistry
• Earth sciences
• Mathematics
• Engineering
• Social sciences
• In total more than 100 groupes are mobilised in
  250 projects in programmes with quadri-annual
  conventions
• With gt20 annual workshops often between many GNR,
• gt 50 PhD thesis
• Project bi- or tri-party CNRS/CNRS,
  CNRS/University or engineering schools,
• About 50 of the projects in bi-party CNRS/CEA
  for GEDEPEON, PARIS and MATINEX

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New direction B. Grambow assisted by S. David,
C.O. Bacri
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How can the CNRS fullfill its mission to
contribute with its research on nuclear energy
and waste to societal decisions?

• Scientific approach to answer the questions of
  the laws n nuclear energy and wastes of 2005 and
  2006

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Faisability MSR/ thorium
Scenarios Optimisation energy Storage,
disposal Transmutation ressources
Technological choices and criteria FBR only or
FBRADS Disposal or transmutation minor
actinides Criteres energyrisk
actinides short/long term risk individuel/collecti
v risk economie/ressources
Radionuclide migration
Contribution transmutation
Geosphere reference volume
Separation Ioniic liquids Molten salts
Actions in Social sciences nuclear energy
Waste properties
International programmes MYRRAH etc.
Faisability ADS, complementarity ASTRID/ADS
Calculation methods
Interim storage?
Nuclear materials ceramics/metals
Avances Treatement separation
Road-map vers ADS/RNR
Decision management MA
State of the Art disposal
Decision prototype ADS
diposal cold?
Irreversible disposal In reduced volume
Fin 2012 2015
2020 2025
2050 2150
Report Separation/ transmutation Pilot CEA
Begin Reversible disposal
Construct FBR-Na prototype
Irreversible disposal
Interim storage for 2nd site
Report ANDRA for public Debat
exploitation FBR-Na
Decision Prototype FBR-Na
Decision stockage
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Theme 1 of PACENFutur nuclear energy
(Scenarios, futur reactors, transmutationrecycli
ng, innovant materials)
GEDEPEON APHIT ANSF - PARIS
- MATINEX reactors accelerators
molten salt reprocessing materials
scenarios reactors
ceramics metals
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Double strata Strategy
FBR or LWR
Electrogen strata 89 of installed power
Used MOX storage Strategic stock
UOX
Pu
PF losses
 light wastes  PF losses PuAM

• MYRRHA
• Experimental ADS demonstrator (57 MWth,
  keff0.95, MOX-PbBi)
• Flexible irradiation tool
• (fuel, materials, isotopes)
• Proton accelerator (600 MeV, 2.5-4 mA) (IPNO)

AmCm
Installed power 32 ADS of 400 MWth
PuAmCm
Concept ADS 400 MWth low power large number of
ADS gas low power density high inventory of
minor actinides, studies of CNRS ADS Sodium 2-3
GWth reduction of number of ADS and of AM
inventory
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Double strata scenarios of transmutation of
minor actinides using ADS

• Weakness of ADS scenarios
• Important number of ADS-gt costs
• Large inventory of minor AN
• Idea
• Increase beam intensity/energy
• Increase keff
• Increase power density
• Increase irradiation time

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Some evolutions in orientations

• Integrate the  risk dimension  in the approach
  additionally to that of  radiotoxicity 
• Integrate the project ASTRID of CEA and the
  complementarity with the ADS more strongly in our
  reflexions
• Already today gt10 projects on the subjet treated
  in GEDEPEON and MATINEX
• A synthetic report for mid-2012

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Theme 2 of PACENManagement of nuclear
waste(Matrices of confinement, geological
disposal, environmental questions)
FORPRO TRASSE PARIS - MOMAS -
MATINEX geology transfers in
interfaces calcul confinement
environment waste
matrices
radionuclides
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Disposal of nuclear waste

• Inventories of long-lived radionuclides require
  isolation for 100000 years for whatever reactor
  and fuel cycle scenario
• Geological disposal is unavoidable
• Geological disposal is best solution for fission
  products
• Transmutation is no solution for principal FP
  like 135Cs, 137Cs, 129I
• Feasability of disposal in clay is principally
  demonstrated
• Clay barriers stable and tight, blocking water
  circulation
• Only slow diffusion over gt105 yr allows mass
  transfer of a small fraction of soluble and
  mobile radionuclides to biosphere
• A principal result of radiochemistry Actinides
  (carriers of toxicity) are immobile due to low
  solubility and strong sorption
• 36Cl, 129I and 79Se are the principal carrier of
  long term risks form disposal

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Relative radiotoxicity of water and waste related
to limit of 0.25 mSv/an
biosphere
1E-6
1E-5
ANDRA 2005
TRASSE
500 m
calcaire
70 m
FORPRO
Ion exclusion/diffusion 2E-10 M
Relative toxicity (estimation) Se79 Am241
argilite
0.02
Recosy
Redox Se
2 m
TRASSE
Sorption/diffusion 1E-13 M
0.02
EDZ
PARIS
Redox Se
2E4
Solubilité 1E-9 M
1 m
0.1
PARIS
FORPRO
SKIN
Dissolution
Container
H2,CO2
MATINEX
0.3 m
Relative toxicity Am241 Se79
Waste matrix
3E14
1E11
8E7
gt1E-10
8E7
8E7
8E7
4E7
NFPRO, MICADO
1000 yr 10000 yr
100000 yr 1000000 yr
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Theme 3 Nuclear energy and societyFinancing
100 CNRS
ACCSON
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Aspects technico-économiques, ressources
An original interdisciplinary work physics /
economy / earth sciences A first result
whatever there resource of Uranium, there does
not seem to be a real competition between the
reactors of 3rd and 4th generation. It is the
total demand which is changed, not the ratio Gen3
/ Gen4.
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Conclusions

• The CNRS is requested to contribute to the
  decisions in 2012 on the transmutation, on the
  public debate relative to geological disposal in
  2013 and on the decisions on geological disposal
  in 2015
• The mobilisation of physical and social sciences
  in an interdisciplinary manner provides a
  credible base line for an original approach
• We need to maintain and enforce the partenerships
  with the industrial groups
• We need to strengthen our capacity for synthesis
  
• Scenarios are the fundaments for our evaluations