Title: Respiratory Protection Training
1Respiratory Protection Training OSHA 29CFR1910.134
Candis Duncan
2Who should take this course?
- If your workplace has been identified as having
potential respiratory hazard(s) that could result
in an employee exposure - An employee exposure is an exposure to an
airborne contaminant that would occur if the
employee were not using respiratory protection.
3What will this course cover?
- Respirators protect workers by preventing
exposures to harmful airborne chemicals,
dust/particulates, and biological agents from the
air. If a respirator is worn incorrectly, it
will not provide adequate protection to the
wearer. - This training will cover
- Clemson Respiratory Protection Program
- Respirator Selection
- Respiratory Hazards
- Types of Respirators
- Respirator Limitations
- Respirator parts, inspections, seal checks
- Respirator maintenance, storage, and care
- Respirator Filters/Cartridges
- Respirator Protection Factors
- Fit Testing
- Voluntary Use
4Clemson Respiratory Protection Program
- The Occupational Safety Health Administrations
(OSHAs) Respiratory Protection Standard requires
that each employer has a written program which
includes - Medical Surveillance to determine if the employee
or student is medically fit to wear a respirator.
- Annual Training in the proper use (donning and
removing), limitations of the respirator and
storage of the respirator selected for use. - Annual Fit testing to determine that the
respirator selected for use fits properly.
5Respirator Use Flow Chart
Yes
6Copy of Respirator Selection and Use Worksheet
7Why is respiratory protection needed?
- To provide the employee with protection from
hazardous air contaminants from a variety of
sources such as - Dusts
- Aerosols/mists
- Metal fumes
- Vapors
- Gases
- Biological agents
- Oxygen-deficient atmospheres
8What are respiratory hazards?
- Particles such as
- Dusts
- Fine solid materials that may be caused by
milling, sanding, - crushing, or grinding operations. The
smaller the dust, the - longer it stays in the air and the easier it
is to inhale. - Mists
- Fine droplets of liquid produced by spraying,
mixing, and - cleaning operations.
- Metal Fumes
- Vaporized metals which rapidly cool forming fine
particles that - can remain suspended in the air. May occur
in high-heat operations - such as welding.
9What are the respiratory hazards? (continued)
- Gases
- These substances at ambient pressure and
temperature - are in a gaseous state and are sometimes
colorless. Gases - can travel far and fast from their source,
often undetected. - Vapors
- Substances which evaporate from liquids or
solids. - Infectious Agents
- Some labs can generate infectious agent aerosols.
Infectious agent particles may include protozoa,
fungi, bacteria, viruses, etc.
10How do you control respiratory hazards?
- The preferred method of controlling respiratory
hazards is through the use of control measures
such as engineering controls like ventilation,
enclosures, isolation, or substitution of less
toxic materials. - Other methods may include administrative controls
or work practice modifications such as training
workers on safe operation procedures, good house
keeping, or rotating employees in and out of
exposed areas - When engineering controls and administrative
controls do not provide adequate protection,
personal protective equipment such as respirators
may be used to protect the worker.
11FOUR STEP PROCESS FOR SELECTION
12The air we breathe
13Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres
- Normal oxygen level in the air is approximately
20.9. - Symptoms of hypoxia may occur at 16 oxygen.
- What may cause oxygen deficient atmospheres?
- Oxygen can rapidly deplete in poorly ventilated
atmospheres - Confined spaces such as in silos or tanks
- Oxygen consumption by chemical reactions,
welding, or fire - Chemicals may displace oxygen from the air
- An air-purifiying respirator will NOT protect you
in an oxygen deficient atmosphere.
14Inhalation Toxicology
- Acute
- Immediate response from a single short exposure
- Symptoms include coughing, dizziness, nausea,
sneezing, and/or vomiting - Acute effects may assist in detection of exposure
- Chronic
- Delayed response from repeated expsoure to low
levels - May cause decreased lung function, and/or damage
to other organs - Caused by workplace exposure, living environemnt
or lifestyle (i.e. diet, drugs, tobacco) - A gradual process that may be difficult to detect
15Respirator Selection
16Types of Respirators
- Air PurifyingRespirators (APR)
- Remove airborne contaminants such as particles,
toxic vapors, and/or gases. They are appropriate
for use in environments of low-level
contamination and in environments where there is
sufficient oxygen. - Tight fitting facepieces or coverings produce a
protective seal around the face of the user. - Air is purified when it passes through a
filtering media at the inlet cover of the
facepiece - Tight fitting facepieces are available in two
basic types - ? Half Mask
? Full Face
17Types of Respirators
- Air PurifyingRespirators (APR)
- NIOSH-approved particulate filtering facepiece
respirators are often called N95 or dust masks.
This type of air-purifying respirator protects by
filtering particles out of the air the user is
breathing. - Various types include
- N95 - Filters at least 95 of airborne particles.
Not resistant to oil. - Surgical N95 - A NIOSH-approved N95 respirator
that has also been cleared by the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) as a surgical mask. - N99 - Filters at least 99 of airborne particles.
Not resistant to oil. - N100 - Filters at least 99.97 of airborne
particles. Not resistant to oil. - R95 - Filters at least 95 of airborne particles.
Somewhat resistant to oil. - P95 - Filters at least 95 of airborne particles.
Strongly resistant to oil. - P99 - Filters at least 99 of airborne particles.
Strongly resistant to oil. - P100 - Filters at least 99.97 of airborne
particles. Strongly resistant to oil. - Remember N- Not resistant to Oil
- R Resistant to Oil
- P Oil Proof
18Types of Respirators
- Air PurifyingRespirators (APR)
- Powered Air Purifying (PAPR)
- Available in half mask, full facepiece, loose
fitting facepiece helmets or hoods)
19Types of Respirators
- Atmosphere Supplying
- Supplied air
- Provide clean air from either a portable cylinder
or from a remote source and are used in
environments too hazardous for air-purifying
respirators. - Available in half mask, full facepiece, loose
fitting facepiece helmets or hoods)
20Types of Respirators
- Atmosphere Supplying
- Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SBCA)
21Half Mask Respirator Parts
22Half Mask Respirators Uses Limitations
- Reusable Half Mask Vapor Respirators
- Air Purifying devices that cover your nose,
mouth, chin. May be used for protection
against gases, vapors, or particulates. - Gas Vapor Respirators have replaceable
cartridges that capture gases and vapors from the
air. - Half mask respirators will not work if they are
not properly fitted to the wearers face. The
wear should perform a positive and negative fit
test before entering a hazardous area.
23Full Face Respirator Parts
24Full Face Respirators Uses Limitations
- Full Face Respirators
- Air Purifying devices similar to the Half Mask
that cover your nose, mouth, chin, but with the
addition of a facepiece to protect your eyes and
face. - Cartridges contain chemicals to absorb gases and
vapors. - Allows for the reduction of concentration levels
of gases, vapors, or particle hazards. Like the
Half Face Respirator, it does not protect against
oxygen deficiency, temperature extremes, or
hazards not listed on the cartridge.
25Air-line and Self-Contained Respirators Uses
Limitations
- Air-line and Self-Contained
- Provide additional head, eye, and face
protection. - Air-line respirators will supply you with clean
air from a hose. - SCBAs allow more mobility.
- Both protect from oxygen deficiency, temperature
extremes, and high concentrations of dusts,
fumes, mists, gases, and vapors.
26Inspection of Respirators
- Examine the facepiece for excessive dirt, cracks,
tears, holes, or distortion. - Check for cracked or broken air-purifying
element holder(s), badly worn threads, or missing
gaskets. - Examine the head straps/harness for breaks, loss
of elasticity, broken or malfunctioning buckles
and attachments. - Remove the exhalation valve cover and examine for
foreign material (detergent, residue, dust
particles, hair), cracks, tears, or distortion.
Look for improper insertion of the valve body and
cracks, breaks, or chips in the valve body.
Check for missing or defective valve covers and
improper installation of the valve.
27Inspection of Respirators
- Examine air-purifying elements for the correct
cartridge, canister, or filter. Look for
incorrect installation, loose connections,
missing or worn gaskets, or cross-threading in
holder. Verify the shelf-life date on
cartridges/canister and look for cracks or dents
on outside case. Inspect for evidence of prior
use of sorbent cartridge indicated by absence of
sealing material, tape, or foil over inlet.
28Maintenance, Cleaning, and Storage of Respirators
- Routinely inspect respirator before and after
each use, after cleaning, and after any
maintenance. - Only use manufacturer recommended replacement
parts when needed. Do not combine different
manufacturer parts. - Employees are responsible for their own day to
day cleaning and maintenance of their
respirators. - Respirators must be cleanied and sanitized after
each use. - Remove canisters and discard after use.
- Immerse respirator in a warm solution of a
germicidal detergent and water. Gently wash all
areas of the respirator. Non-alcohol wipes may
also be purchased and used for cleaning. - Rinse, Sanitize, and air dry respirator.
- Store in a plastic bag on a shelf or in a
cabinet. Do NOT store by hanging respirators
from head straps/harness.
29Do and Dont
- Dont wear a respirator unless you are approved
and fitted to wear one. - Do ensure you are fit tested annually.
- Also, if weight fluctuates or facial/dental
alterations occur, a fit test should be done
again to ensure the respirator remains effective.
- Do inspect the respirator before wearing it.
- Do wear the size/model that you were fit tested
for. - Do have a clean shaven face to ensure a good
seal. - Facial hair that lies along the sealing area of
the respirator such as beards, sideburns, or even
a few days of growth of stubble, shall not be
permitted because it will prevent a good seal and
may cause leakage of the respirator and cause
contaminants to enter your breathing zone. - Do complete a Negative and Positive Pressure Test
each time you don a respirator. - Do maintain appropriate sanitation and storage of
your respirator.
30N95, P99, P100 Particulate Respirators Donning
- Particualte Respirators
- Slightly bend the nosepiece to form a gentle
curve. - Find the two headbands and separate using your
index finger and thumb. - Cup the respirator under your chin.
- Pull the upper headbands up over your head and
position at the corner of your head. - Pull the lower headband and position at the base
of your neck - Conform the nosepiece across the bridge of your
nose by firmly pressing down with your fingers. - Continue to adjust the respirator and secure the
edges until you acheive a good fit. - Adjust the respirator as needed during work to
ensure a good fit.
31N95, P999, P100 Particulate Respirators Seal
Check
- Checking your Seal
- Place both hands over the respirator, take a
quick breath in to check whether the respirator
seals tightly to your face. - Place both hands completely over the the
respirator and exhale. If you feel leakage,
there is not a proper seal. - If air leaks around the nose, adjust the
nosepiece. If air leaks at the mask edge, adjust
the straps along the sides of your head until a
proper seal is achieved. - If you cannot achieve a proper seal due to air
leakage, try a different size or model.
32N95 Particulate Respirators Doffing
- Removing the Respirator
- Do not touch the front of the respirator it may
be contaminated. - Remove by pulling the bottom strap over the back
of the head, followed by the top strap. - Discard the used respirator.
- Wash your hands.
33NIOSH-Certified Respirators
- Some disposable masks are not respirators at
all, since they are not NIOSH (National Institute
for Occupational Safety and Health) certified. - Do not use these for tasks where a real
respirator is needed, it will not provide the
level of protection needed.
34Inspection and Assembly for Half or Full Face
Respirator Example using North ½ Mask Respirator
35Donning a Half or Full Face Respirator Example
using North ½ Mask Respirator
36User Seal Checks for a Half or Full Face
Respirator Example using North ½ Mask Respirator
37Respirator Cartridges/Filters
- Filters are an essential component used with
negative and positive pressure air purifying
respirators to remove solid or liquid aerosols
(e.g. dusts, fumes, smokes, mists) from the
inspired air. - The requirement to replace a filter is not the
same as chemical cartridges. Filters should be
replaced when breathing becomes labored or as
needed for sanitary reasons. - Mechanical filter elements provide protection
against particulate matter such as dusts, mists,
fibers, mold, bacteria, and metal fumes. This
type of element "filters" particulate matter by
physically trapping it in the fibrous filter
material.
38Respirator Cartridges/Filters
- Filters have different classifications of filter
efficiency based on the NIOSH testing procedures
for protection against oil mist. - P100 filter designation is the primary type of
filter used for protection against dusts, mists,
fumes, smokes (any particulates). It has been
tested for a 99.97 filter efficiency when tested
against 0.3 um docytl phthalate (DOP- "oil mist")
particles. - P100 filters are color coded purple/magenta.
39Respirator Cartridges/Filters
- High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter
means a filter that is at least 99.97 efficient
in removing particles of 0.3 micrometers in
diameter. The equivalent NIOSH 42 CFR 84
particulate filters are the N100, R100, and P100
filters.
40Respirator Cartridges/Filters
- A Cartridge is a container with a filter,
sorbent, or catalyst, or combination of these
items, which removes specific contaminants from
the air passed through the container. They differ
from aerosol filters in that they use sorbents,
generally carbon to remove harmful gasses and
vapors. - Colors are used for easy identification of
respirator cartridges and filters. The color is
based on the type of air contaminant(s) for which
the user will require protection. - Organic Vapors-Black
- Acid GasesWhite
- Organic Vapors/Acid Gases-Yellow
- Ammonia/Methylamine-Green
- Formaldehyde/Organic Vapor-Olive/Black
- Multi-Gas Vapor- Olive
- Mercury Vapor/Chlorine Gas- Orange
- P100 HEPA filters-Purple/Magenta
41Respirator Cartridges/Filters
- Chemical cartridges are filled with a specially
treated activated carbon with a very high
adsorption capacity. Gases and vapors passing
through chemical cartridges are attracted and
held to the surface of the carbon. In the case of
acid and alkaline gases, a chemical reaction
and/or absorption occurs. The adsorption capacity
is limited. - It is important to implement a chemical cartridge
change out schedule. The change schedule
described in the plan for canister and cartridges
must be based on objective information or data
(e.g. industrial hygiene air monitoring data)
that will ensure that canisters or cartridges are
changed before their end of service life. The
service life of the chemical cartridges will
vary. -
42Respirator Cartridges/Filters
- Changing the cartridges on a regular basis will
prevent "break-through" and will prevent the
wearer from being exposed to air contaminants as
a result of overuse of a saturated chemical
cartridge. When using a respirator for protection
for gases and vapors, if you detect a chemical
taste, smell, or irritation, you should exit to a
clean area and replace the cartridges and inspect
the respirator immediately. -
43Protection Factors
- The amount of protection a respirator can provide
is determined by an Assigned Protection Factor
(APF). APFs are assigned by OSHA and are
legally enforable. - The higher the concentration of airborne
contaminates, the greater the need for a high
APF. - APFs are numerical ratings that relay the
anticipated protective ability against a given
contaminate. The higher the APR, the greater
protection provided by the respirator. - A protection factor of 50 means that you can be
exposed to an atmosphere concentration 50 times
higher than the PEL (permissible exposure limit). - Protection Factor Concentration of Particles
Outside Mask
- Concentration of
Particles Inside Mask
44Levels of Protection
Air purification
Air measurements
Continuous flow Half mask or full mask
No maintenance
10 x TLV
Low maintenance
Mask types
10000 x TLV
10 x TLV
Maintenance required
10 x TLV
Full Mask
Self-contained
100 x TLV
10,000 x TLV
Forced supplied air
1000 x TLV
45How to Determine the Protection Level?
- The Occupational Exposure Limit x APF maximum
airborne contaminate concentration in which the
respirator can be used. - Example If the established occupational exposure
limit for chemical A is 10ppm (parts per
million), a full face respirator with an APF of
50 can safely be used in airborne concentrations
of up to 500ppm. (10ppm X 50 APF 500)
46Fit Testing
- Employees at Clemson University are required to
receive a quantitative fit test with the
respirator that they will be using. The
fit-testing will occur prior to initial use of
the respirator, or whenever a different
respirator facepiece (size, style, model, or
make) is used, and at least annually thereafter. - An additional fit-test is conducted whenever the
employee, supervisor, or Research Safety makes
visual observations of changes in the employee's
physical condition that could affect respirator
fit. - Such conditions include, but are not limited to,
facial scarring, dental changes, cosmetic
surgery, or any obvious change in body weight.
The employee may select a different respirator if
he/she does not think the respirator fit is
acceptable, even after passing the test.
47Voluntary Use of Respirators
Respirators are an effective method of protection
against designated hazards when properly selected
and worn. Respirator use is encouraged, even when
exposures are below the exposure limit, to
provide an additional level of comfort and
protection for workers. However, if a respirator
is used improperly or not kept clean, the
respirator itself can become a hazard to the
worker. Sometimes, workers may wear respirators
to avoid exposures to hazards, even if the amount
of hazardous substance does not exceed the limits
set by OSHA standards. If your employer provides
respirators for your voluntary use, or if you
provide your own respirator, you need to take
certain precautions to be sure that the
respirator itself does not present a
hazard. You should do the following 1. Read
and heed all instructions provided by the
manufacturer on use, maintenance, cleaning and
care, and warnings regarding the respirators
limitations. 2. Choose respirators certified
for use to protect against the contaminant of
concern. NIOSH, the National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health of the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services,
certifies respirators. A label or statement of
certification should appear on the respirator or
respirator packaging. It will tell you what the
respirator is designed for and how much it will
protect you. 3. Do not wear your respirator
into atmospheres containing contaminants for
which your respirator is not designed to protect
against. For example, a respirator designed to
filter dust particles will not protect you
against gases, vapors, or very small solid
particles of fumes or smoke. 4. Keep track of
your respirator so that you do not mistakenly use
someone else's respirator.
48Contacts
If you have any questions regarding the content
of this training or general questions regarding
respirators, please feel free to contact the
Research Safety Industrial Hygiene team. Anne
Kogut Industrial Hygiene Manager (352)455-2354
akogut_at_Clemson.edu Naomi Kelly Chemical
Hygiene Officer (864)656-7554
nkelly_at_Clemson.edu Candis Duncan Industrial
Hygiene Specialist (864)656-0989
csdunca_at_Clemson.edu Office of Research Safety
114 Long Hall Clemson, SC 29634-5737 www.clemson.
edu/research/safety