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Respiratory Protection Training

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Title: Respiratory Protection Training


1
Respiratory Protection Training OSHA 29CFR1910.134
Candis Duncan
2
Who should take this course?
  • If your workplace has been identified as having
    potential respiratory hazard(s) that could result
    in an employee exposure
  • An employee exposure is an exposure to an
    airborne contaminant that would occur if the
    employee were not using respiratory protection.

3
What will this course cover?
  • Respirators protect workers by preventing
    exposures to harmful airborne chemicals,
    dust/particulates, and biological agents from the
    air. If a respirator is worn incorrectly, it
    will not provide adequate protection to the
    wearer.
  • This training will cover
  • Clemson Respiratory Protection Program
  • Respirator Selection
  • Respiratory Hazards
  • Types of Respirators
  • Respirator Limitations
  • Respirator parts, inspections, seal checks
  • Respirator maintenance, storage, and care
  • Respirator Filters/Cartridges
  • Respirator Protection Factors
  • Fit Testing
  • Voluntary Use

4
Clemson Respiratory Protection Program
  • The Occupational Safety Health Administrations
    (OSHAs) Respiratory Protection Standard requires
    that each employer has a written program which
    includes
  • Medical Surveillance to determine if the employee
    or student is medically fit to wear a respirator.
  • Annual Training in the proper use (donning and
    removing), limitations of the respirator and
    storage of the respirator selected for use.
  • Annual Fit testing to determine that the
    respirator selected for use fits properly.

5
Respirator Use Flow Chart
Yes
6
Copy of Respirator Selection and Use Worksheet
7
Why is respiratory protection needed?
  • To provide the employee with protection from
    hazardous air contaminants from a variety of
    sources such as
  • Dusts
  • Aerosols/mists
  • Metal fumes
  • Vapors
  • Gases
  • Biological agents
  • Oxygen-deficient atmospheres

8
What are respiratory hazards?
  • Particles such as
  • Dusts
  • Fine solid materials that may be caused by
    milling, sanding,
  • crushing, or grinding operations. The
    smaller the dust, the
  • longer it stays in the air and the easier it
    is to inhale.
  • Mists
  • Fine droplets of liquid produced by spraying,
    mixing, and
  • cleaning operations.
  • Metal Fumes
  • Vaporized metals which rapidly cool forming fine
    particles that
  • can remain suspended in the air. May occur
    in high-heat operations
  • such as welding.

9
What are the respiratory hazards? (continued)
  • Gases
  • These substances at ambient pressure and
    temperature
  • are in a gaseous state and are sometimes
    colorless. Gases
  • can travel far and fast from their source,
    often undetected.
  • Vapors
  • Substances which evaporate from liquids or
    solids.
  • Infectious Agents
  • Some labs can generate infectious agent aerosols.
    Infectious agent particles may include protozoa,
    fungi, bacteria, viruses, etc.

10
How do you control respiratory hazards?
  • The preferred method of controlling respiratory
    hazards is through the use of control measures
    such as engineering controls like ventilation,
    enclosures, isolation, or substitution of less
    toxic materials.
  • Other methods may include administrative controls
    or work practice modifications such as training
    workers on safe operation procedures, good house
    keeping, or rotating employees in and out of
    exposed areas
  • When engineering controls and administrative
    controls do not provide adequate protection,
    personal protective equipment such as respirators
    may be used to protect the worker.

11
FOUR STEP PROCESS FOR SELECTION
12
The air we breathe
13
Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres
  • Normal oxygen level in the air is approximately
    20.9.
  • Symptoms of hypoxia may occur at 16 oxygen.
  • What may cause oxygen deficient atmospheres?
  • Oxygen can rapidly deplete in poorly ventilated
    atmospheres
  • Confined spaces such as in silos or tanks
  • Oxygen consumption by chemical reactions,
    welding, or fire
  • Chemicals may displace oxygen from the air
  • An air-purifiying respirator will NOT protect you
    in an oxygen deficient atmosphere.

14
Inhalation Toxicology
  • Acute
  • Immediate response from a single short exposure
  • Symptoms include coughing, dizziness, nausea,
    sneezing, and/or vomiting
  • Acute effects may assist in detection of exposure
  • Chronic
  • Delayed response from repeated expsoure to low
    levels
  • May cause decreased lung function, and/or damage
    to other organs
  • Caused by workplace exposure, living environemnt
    or lifestyle (i.e. diet, drugs, tobacco)
  • A gradual process that may be difficult to detect

15
Respirator Selection
16
Types of Respirators
  • Air PurifyingRespirators (APR)
  • Remove airborne contaminants such as particles,
    toxic vapors, and/or gases. They are appropriate
    for use in environments of low-level
    contamination and in environments where there is
    sufficient oxygen.
  • Tight fitting facepieces or coverings produce a
    protective seal around the face of the user.
  • Air is purified when it passes through a
    filtering media at the inlet cover of the
    facepiece
  • Tight fitting facepieces are available in two
    basic types
  • ? Half Mask
    ? Full Face

17
Types of Respirators
  • Air PurifyingRespirators (APR)
  • NIOSH-approved particulate filtering facepiece
    respirators are often called N95 or dust masks.
    This type of air-purifying respirator protects by
    filtering particles out of the air the user is
    breathing.
  • Various types include
  • N95 - Filters at least 95 of airborne particles.
    Not resistant to oil.
  • Surgical N95 - A NIOSH-approved N95 respirator
    that has also been cleared by the Food and Drug
    Administration (FDA) as a surgical mask.
  • N99 - Filters at least 99 of airborne particles.
    Not resistant to oil.
  • N100 - Filters at least 99.97 of airborne
    particles. Not resistant to oil.
  • R95 - Filters at least 95 of airborne particles.
    Somewhat resistant to oil.
  • P95 - Filters at least 95 of airborne particles.
    Strongly resistant to oil.
  • P99 - Filters at least 99 of airborne particles.
    Strongly resistant to oil.
  • P100 - Filters at least 99.97 of airborne
    particles. Strongly resistant to oil.
  • Remember N- Not resistant to Oil
  • R Resistant to Oil
  • P Oil Proof

18
Types of Respirators
  • Air PurifyingRespirators (APR)
  • Powered Air Purifying (PAPR)
  • Available in half mask, full facepiece, loose
    fitting facepiece helmets or hoods)

19
Types of Respirators
  • Atmosphere Supplying
  • Supplied air
  • Provide clean air from either a portable cylinder
    or from a remote source and are used in
    environments too hazardous for air-purifying
    respirators.
  • Available in half mask, full facepiece, loose
    fitting facepiece helmets or hoods)

20
Types of Respirators
  • Atmosphere Supplying
  • Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SBCA)

21
Half Mask Respirator Parts
22
Half Mask Respirators Uses Limitations
  • Reusable Half Mask Vapor Respirators
  • Air Purifying devices that cover your nose,
    mouth, chin. May be used for protection
    against gases, vapors, or particulates.
  • Gas Vapor Respirators have replaceable
    cartridges that capture gases and vapors from the
    air.
  • Half mask respirators will not work if they are
    not properly fitted to the wearers face. The
    wear should perform a positive and negative fit
    test before entering a hazardous area.

23
Full Face Respirator Parts
24
Full Face Respirators Uses Limitations
  • Full Face Respirators
  • Air Purifying devices similar to the Half Mask
    that cover your nose, mouth, chin, but with the
    addition of a facepiece to protect your eyes and
    face.
  • Cartridges contain chemicals to absorb gases and
    vapors.
  • Allows for the reduction of concentration levels
    of gases, vapors, or particle hazards. Like the
    Half Face Respirator, it does not protect against
    oxygen deficiency, temperature extremes, or
    hazards not listed on the cartridge.

25
Air-line and Self-Contained Respirators Uses
Limitations
  • Air-line and Self-Contained
  • Provide additional head, eye, and face
    protection.
  • Air-line respirators will supply you with clean
    air from a hose.
  • SCBAs allow more mobility.
  • Both protect from oxygen deficiency, temperature
    extremes, and high concentrations of dusts,
    fumes, mists, gases, and vapors.

26
Inspection of Respirators
  • Examine the facepiece for excessive dirt, cracks,
    tears, holes, or distortion.
  • Check for cracked or broken air-purifying
    element holder(s), badly worn threads, or missing
    gaskets.
  • Examine the head straps/harness for breaks, loss
    of elasticity, broken or malfunctioning buckles
    and attachments.
  • Remove the exhalation valve cover and examine for
    foreign material (detergent, residue, dust
    particles, hair), cracks, tears, or distortion.
    Look for improper insertion of the valve body and
    cracks, breaks, or chips in the valve body.
    Check for missing or defective valve covers and
    improper installation of the valve.

27
Inspection of Respirators
  • Examine air-purifying elements for the correct
    cartridge, canister, or filter. Look for
    incorrect installation, loose connections,
    missing or worn gaskets, or cross-threading in
    holder. Verify the shelf-life date on
    cartridges/canister and look for cracks or dents
    on outside case. Inspect for evidence of prior
    use of sorbent cartridge indicated by absence of
    sealing material, tape, or foil over inlet.

28
Maintenance, Cleaning, and Storage of Respirators
  • Routinely inspect respirator before and after
    each use, after cleaning, and after any
    maintenance.
  • Only use manufacturer recommended replacement
    parts when needed. Do not combine different
    manufacturer parts.
  • Employees are responsible for their own day to
    day cleaning and maintenance of their
    respirators.
  • Respirators must be cleanied and sanitized after
    each use.
  • Remove canisters and discard after use.
  • Immerse respirator in a warm solution of a
    germicidal detergent and water. Gently wash all
    areas of the respirator. Non-alcohol wipes may
    also be purchased and used for cleaning.
  • Rinse, Sanitize, and air dry respirator.
  • Store in a plastic bag on a shelf or in a
    cabinet. Do NOT store by hanging respirators
    from head straps/harness.

29
Do and Dont
  • Dont wear a respirator unless you are approved
    and fitted to wear one.
  • Do ensure you are fit tested annually.
  • Also, if weight fluctuates or facial/dental
    alterations occur, a fit test should be done
    again to ensure the respirator remains effective.
  • Do inspect the respirator before wearing it.
  • Do wear the size/model that you were fit tested
    for.
  • Do have a clean shaven face to ensure a good
    seal.
  • Facial hair that lies along the sealing area of
    the respirator such as beards, sideburns, or even
    a few days of growth of stubble, shall not be
    permitted because it will prevent a good seal and
    may cause leakage of the respirator and cause
    contaminants to enter your breathing zone.
  • Do complete a Negative and Positive Pressure Test
    each time you don a respirator.
  • Do maintain appropriate sanitation and storage of
    your respirator.

30
N95, P99, P100 Particulate Respirators Donning
  • Particualte Respirators
  • Slightly bend the nosepiece to form a gentle
    curve.
  • Find the two headbands and separate using your
    index finger and thumb.
  • Cup the respirator under your chin.
  • Pull the upper headbands up over your head and
    position at the corner of your head.
  • Pull the lower headband and position at the base
    of your neck
  • Conform the nosepiece across the bridge of your
    nose by firmly pressing down with your fingers.
  • Continue to adjust the respirator and secure the
    edges until you acheive a good fit.
  • Adjust the respirator as needed during work to
    ensure a good fit.

31
N95, P999, P100 Particulate Respirators Seal
Check
  • Checking your Seal
  • Place both hands over the respirator, take a
    quick breath in to check whether the respirator
    seals tightly to your face.
  • Place both hands completely over the the
    respirator and exhale. If you feel leakage,
    there is not a proper seal.
  • If air leaks around the nose, adjust the
    nosepiece. If air leaks at the mask edge, adjust
    the straps along the sides of your head until a
    proper seal is achieved.
  • If you cannot achieve a proper seal due to air
    leakage, try a different size or model.

32
N95 Particulate Respirators Doffing
  • Removing the Respirator
  • Do not touch the front of the respirator it may
    be contaminated.
  • Remove by pulling the bottom strap over the back
    of the head, followed by the top strap.
  • Discard the used respirator.
  • Wash your hands.

33
NIOSH-Certified Respirators
  • Some disposable masks are not respirators at
    all, since they are not NIOSH (National Institute
    for Occupational Safety and Health) certified.
  • Do not use these for tasks where a real
    respirator is needed, it will not provide the
    level of protection needed.

34
Inspection and Assembly for Half or Full Face
Respirator Example using North ½ Mask Respirator
35
Donning a Half or Full Face Respirator Example
using North ½ Mask Respirator
36
User Seal Checks for a Half or Full Face
Respirator Example using North ½ Mask Respirator
37
Respirator Cartridges/Filters
  • Filters are an essential component used with
    negative and positive pressure air purifying
    respirators to remove solid or liquid aerosols
    (e.g. dusts, fumes, smokes, mists) from the
    inspired air.
  • The requirement to replace a filter is not the
    same as chemical cartridges. Filters should be
    replaced when breathing becomes labored or as
    needed for sanitary reasons.
  • Mechanical filter elements provide protection
    against particulate matter such as dusts, mists,
    fibers, mold, bacteria, and metal fumes. This
    type of element "filters" particulate matter by
    physically trapping it in the fibrous filter
    material.

38
Respirator Cartridges/Filters
  • Filters have different classifications of filter
    efficiency based on the NIOSH testing procedures
    for protection against oil mist.
  • P100 filter designation is the primary type of
    filter used for protection against dusts, mists,
    fumes, smokes (any particulates). It has been
    tested for a 99.97 filter efficiency when tested
    against 0.3 um docytl phthalate (DOP- "oil mist")
    particles.
  • P100 filters are color coded purple/magenta.

39
Respirator Cartridges/Filters
  • High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter
    means a filter that is at least 99.97 efficient
    in removing particles of 0.3 micrometers in
    diameter. The equivalent NIOSH 42 CFR 84
    particulate filters are the N100, R100, and P100
    filters.

40
Respirator Cartridges/Filters
  • A Cartridge is a container with a filter,
    sorbent, or catalyst, or combination of these
    items, which removes specific contaminants from
    the air passed through the container. They differ
    from aerosol filters in that they use sorbents,
    generally carbon to remove harmful gasses and
    vapors.
  • Colors are used for easy identification of
    respirator cartridges and filters. The color is
    based on the type of air contaminant(s) for which
    the user will require protection.
  • Organic Vapors-Black
  • Acid GasesWhite
  • Organic Vapors/Acid Gases-Yellow
  • Ammonia/Methylamine-Green
  • Formaldehyde/Organic Vapor-Olive/Black
  • Multi-Gas Vapor- Olive
  • Mercury Vapor/Chlorine Gas- Orange
  • P100 HEPA filters-Purple/Magenta

 
 
41
Respirator Cartridges/Filters
  • Chemical cartridges are filled with a specially
    treated activated carbon with a very high
    adsorption capacity. Gases and vapors passing
    through chemical cartridges are attracted and
    held to the surface of the carbon. In the case of
    acid and alkaline gases, a chemical reaction
    and/or absorption occurs. The adsorption capacity
    is limited.
  • It is important to implement a chemical cartridge
    change out schedule. The change schedule
    described in the plan for canister and cartridges
    must be based on objective information or data
    (e.g. industrial hygiene air monitoring data)
    that will ensure that canisters or cartridges are
    changed before their end of service life. The
    service life of the chemical cartridges will
    vary.

 
 
42
Respirator Cartridges/Filters
  • Changing the cartridges on a regular basis will
    prevent "break-through" and will prevent the
    wearer from being exposed to air contaminants as
    a result of overuse of a saturated chemical
    cartridge. When using a respirator for protection
    for gases and vapors, if you detect a chemical
    taste, smell, or irritation, you should exit to a
    clean area and replace the cartridges and inspect
    the respirator immediately.

 
 
43
Protection Factors
  • The amount of protection a respirator can provide
    is determined by an Assigned Protection Factor
    (APF). APFs are assigned by OSHA and are
    legally enforable.
  • The higher the concentration of airborne
    contaminates, the greater the need for a high
    APF.
  • APFs are numerical ratings that relay the
    anticipated protective ability against a given
    contaminate. The higher the APR, the greater
    protection provided by the respirator.
  • A protection factor of 50 means that you can be
    exposed to an atmosphere concentration 50 times
    higher than the PEL (permissible exposure limit).
  • Protection Factor Concentration of Particles
    Outside Mask
  • Concentration of
    Particles Inside Mask

44
Levels of Protection
Air purification
Air measurements
Continuous flow Half mask or full mask
No maintenance
10 x TLV
Low maintenance
Mask types
10000 x TLV
10 x TLV
Maintenance required
10 x TLV
Full Mask
Self-contained
100 x TLV
10,000 x TLV
Forced supplied air
1000 x TLV
45
How to Determine the Protection Level?
  • The Occupational Exposure Limit x APF maximum
    airborne contaminate concentration in which the
    respirator can be used.
  • Example If the established occupational exposure
    limit for chemical A is 10ppm (parts per
    million), a full face respirator with an APF of
    50 can safely be used in airborne concentrations
    of up to 500ppm. (10ppm X 50 APF 500)

46
Fit Testing
  • Employees at Clemson University are required to
    receive a quantitative fit test with the
    respirator that they will be using. The
    fit-testing will occur prior to initial use of
    the respirator, or whenever a different
    respirator facepiece (size, style, model, or
    make) is used, and at least annually thereafter.
  • An additional fit-test is conducted whenever the
    employee, supervisor, or Research Safety makes
    visual observations of changes in the employee's
    physical condition that could affect respirator
    fit.
  • Such conditions include, but are not limited to,
    facial scarring, dental changes, cosmetic
    surgery, or any obvious change in body weight.
    The employee may select a different respirator if
    he/she does not think the respirator fit is
    acceptable, even after passing the test.

47
Voluntary Use of Respirators
Respirators are an effective method of protection
against designated hazards when properly selected
and worn. Respirator use is encouraged, even when
exposures are below the exposure limit, to
provide an additional level of comfort and
protection for workers. However, if a respirator
is used improperly or not kept clean, the
respirator itself can become a hazard to the
worker. Sometimes, workers may wear respirators
to avoid exposures to hazards, even if the amount
of hazardous substance does not exceed the limits
set by OSHA standards. If your employer provides
respirators for your voluntary use, or if you
provide your own respirator, you need to take
certain precautions to be sure that the
respirator itself does not present a
hazard. You should do the following 1. Read
and heed all instructions provided by the
manufacturer on use, maintenance, cleaning and
care, and warnings regarding the respirators
limitations. 2. Choose respirators certified
for use to protect against the contaminant of
concern. NIOSH, the National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health of the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services,
certifies respirators. A label or statement of
certification should appear on the respirator or
respirator packaging. It will tell you what the
respirator is designed for and how much it will
protect you. 3. Do not wear your respirator
into atmospheres containing contaminants for
which your respirator is not designed to protect
against. For example, a respirator designed to
filter dust particles will not protect you
against gases, vapors, or very small solid
particles of fumes or smoke. 4. Keep track of
your respirator so that you do not mistakenly use
someone else's respirator.
48
Contacts
If you have any questions regarding the content
of this training or general questions regarding
respirators, please feel free to contact the
Research Safety Industrial Hygiene team. Anne
Kogut Industrial Hygiene Manager (352)455-2354
akogut_at_Clemson.edu Naomi Kelly Chemical
Hygiene Officer (864)656-7554
nkelly_at_Clemson.edu Candis Duncan Industrial
Hygiene Specialist (864)656-0989
csdunca_at_Clemson.edu Office of Research Safety
114 Long Hall Clemson, SC 29634-5737 www.clemson.
edu/research/safety
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