Special Topics in Geo-Business Data Analysis

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Special Topics in Geo-Business Data Analysis
Week 1 Covering Topics 1, 2 and 3 Overview of
the Case Study Desktop Mapping Grid-based Mapping
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Class Website
http//www.innovativegis.com/basis/DU/GIS4995/
Course Description and Logistics Topics and
Schedule Online Workbook Online Lecture
Notes Online Assignments
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Mapping versus Analysis

• This course focuses some of the basic concepts,
  considerations and procedures in grid-based data
  handling and analysis operations as they apply to
  geo-business applications.
• Three broad capabilities are discussed
• 1) surface modeling involves the translation of
• discrete point data into a continuous
  surface that
• represents the geographic distribution
  of that data.
• 2) spatial data mining to uncover relationships
• within and among mapped data
• 3) map analysis investigates the contextual
  relationships

(Topic 1)
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Examples of Map Analysis
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF SHOPPER MOVEMENT AND SALES
ACTIVITY
SPATIAL MODELING AND DATA MINING IN RETAIL
http//www.innovativegis.com/GeoBusiness/Assignmen
ts/GIS4995_assignments.htm
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The Case Study
The book is organized into eight topics and two
appendices that lead the reader from an
understanding of the fundamental nature of mapped
data through a series of basic procedures used in
deriving, analyzing and applying spatial
information.
workbook includes a CD with software, data sets
and exercises
(Topic 1)
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Installing Course Software
Companion software includes ArcExplorer, Surfer,
MapCalc and SnagIt
(Topic 1 ex)
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Historical Setting and GIS Evolution
Manual map drafting 8,000 years
Multimedia GIS is the current frontier (00s)
but thats another story
(Topic 2)
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Where Is What
Spatial database management links a table
describing the location of map features
(customers) to a database containing descriptive
attributes describing each feature (records)
(Topic 2)
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Interacting with Vector Map Layers
A composite map is formed by ordering the display
of a series of individual map layers
(Topic 2 ex1)
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Vector Data Structure
Vector data characterizes map features as
collections of points, lines and polygons
Maps containing point, line and polygon features
are defined by organized sets of points
(Topic 2 ex 2)
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Raster Data Types
It is important to note that the map features in
a vector-based mapping system identify discrete,
irregular spatial objects with sharp abrupt
boundaries. Other data types raster images,
pseudo grids and raster grids treat space in
entirely different manner forming a spatially
continuous data structure
(Topic 2)
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Pseudo Grid
A pseudo grid is formed by a series of uniform,
square polygons covering an analysis area. Each
polygon cell is treated as a separate
polygonits just that every polygon is the same
shape/size and they all abut each other
(Topic 2 ex 3)
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Numeric and Geographic Data Types
Map values are characterized from two broad
perspectivesnumeric and geographicthen further
refined by specific data types
(Topic 3)
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Discrete versus Continuous Data
Discrete and Continuous map types combine the
numeric and geographic characteristics of mapped
data
(Topic 3 ex 1)
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Displaying Grid-Based Map Surfaces
Grid-based data can be displayed in 2D/3D lattice
or grid forms
(Topic 3 ex 3)
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Lattice versus Grid Data Structures
Contour lines are delineated by connecting
interpolated points of constant elevation along
the lattice frame
Three-dimensional display pushes-up the grid or
lattice reference frame to the relative height of
the stored map values
(Topic 3)
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Normalizing Mapped Data
Normalization techniques allow you to compare
apples and oranges using a standard mixed fruit
scale of numbers
(Topic 3 ex 4)
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Exchanging Mapped Data
The map values at each grid location form a
single record in the exported table
The CSV file can be imported into standard
statistical packages for further analysis
(Topic 3)
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Storing Grid-based Data
A grid-based system stores a long list of map
values that are implicitly linked to an analysis
frame superimposed over an area
(Topic 3)
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Map Stack
A map stack of individual grid layers can be
stored as separate files or in a multi-grid table
(Topic 3)
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MapCalc .rgs Table Format
open the GB_Smallville.rgs data set in WordPad
and note its organization
Longitude, Latitude, Col, Row, Cellsize
(meters), Maps
Map name
Default parameters for display
Legend labels for discrete maps
Legacy identifying the command that created the
map
Listing of map values
(Topic 3)
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