Biosphere

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Biosphere
BIO 2215 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis
Anderson
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Bioshpere

• Outer layer of earth
• Capable of supporting life
• Includes the physical environment

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Why Life on Earth

• Water
• Steady supply of energy from the sun
• Suitable temperature range
• Major and minor elements available
• Gaseous atmosphere
• Gravity strong enough to hold atmosphere

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Biosphere

• Atmosphere
• Gaseous component
• Lithosphere
• Rocky component
• Hydrosphere
• Water component

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Atmosphere

• Nitrogen 79
• Oxygen 21
• Carbon Dioxide .03
• Water vapor
• Ozone layer
• Reflects harmful ultraviolet light

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Plants and Algae Produce Oxygen
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Greenhouse Effect
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360
0.8
0.6
340
carbon dioxide concentration
0.4
Carbon dioxide concentration (parts per million)
0.2
320
Temperature change (degrees Celsius)
0
0.2
300
temperature
0.4
0.6
280
1850
1875
1900
2000
1950
1975
1925
Year
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Global Warming
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Carbon Dioxide Generators
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Lithosphere

• Source of minerals for living organisms
• Continents float

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Hydrosphere

• Water essential for life
• Solvent to dissolve chemicals
• Needed for chemical reactions
• Resists temp changes
• Low viscosity

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Ice Floats

• Allows life to exist in water under the ice

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Biome

• Major biotic area with characteristic
• Climate
• Plant life
• Animal life

Grassland Biome
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Grassland Biome

• 10 to 40 inches of rainfall
• Grasses
• Few trees
• Not enough water

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Bison
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Antelope
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Coyote
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Prairie Dog
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Deciduous Forest Biome

• 30-50 inches of rain
• Oak
• Maple
• Beech

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White-tailed Deer
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Chipmunk
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Red Fox
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Raccoon
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Coniferous Forest Biome

• Less than 40 inches of rain
• Spruce
• Pine
• Fir

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Moose
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Elk
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Wolf
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Tundra Biome

• Less than 10 inches of rain
• Cold
• Permafrost
• 18 inches-300 feet down
• Thin soil
• Short growing season
• Grasses
• Shrubs
• Lichens

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Caribou
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Polar Bear
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Grizzly Bear
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Snowy Owl
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Wolverine
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Desert Biome

• Less than 8 inches of rainfall
• Hot days and cold nights
• Cactus
• shrubs

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Rain Shadow
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White-Tailed Deer
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Cougar
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Black Bear
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Coyote
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Lizard
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Snakes
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Roadrunner
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Rain Forest Biome

• 80-100 inches of rainfall
• Constant temperature
• Tall trees
• 1700 beetle species found on one tree
• Millions of species!

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Monkey
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Macaw
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Toucan
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Frog
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Jaguar
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Aquatic Environments

• Ocean
• Freshwater

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Eutrophication
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Eutrophication Experiment
Control
Nitrogen and phosphorous added
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Algal Bloom
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Fish Kill
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The End