U8-to-Basic Referee Course

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U8-to-Basic Referee Course
OBJECTIVES
Understand the differences between U-8 and U-10
play in AYSO Understand the basics of offside Use
appropriate signals Have a basic understanding of
fouls and misconduct (and free kicks) Have a
cursory understanding of the fundamentals of
play
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Understanding U-10 Players
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U-10 PlayersPhysical Characteristics
More interested in competitive activities  More
interested in improving skills Attention span is
increasing May accept a physical touch, but some
will begin to reject it
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U-10 PlayersSocial/Emotional Characteristics
Group acceptance is important Wants to be
liked  Still generally cooperative with
adults Crave praise and attention May blame
others to explain their own mistakes
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U-10 PlayersThought/Cognitive Characteristics
Can recall details with accuracy Can understand
the concept of cause and effect Enjoys
attention but their reaction to praise may be
more subdued Still takes what is said quite
literally
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Understanding U-10 Players
Implications for how we officiate these games
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Field of Play
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Pre-game Duties and Activities
Arrive early Check field and equipment Introduce
yourself to the Coaches Check players
equipment Brief Assistant Referees Conduct coin
toss
Assistant referees are often used in U-10
games. They are dressed and equipped the same as
the referee The assistant referees help the
referee with the pre-game duties
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Pre-game Duties and Activities
Arrive early At least 15 minutes prior to game
time (20-30 mins if first game of the day) In
proper uniform (look like a team)
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Pre-game Duties and Activities
Arrive early With required equipment
Why should the assistant referee also have this
equipment?
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Pre-game Duties and Activities
Check Field and Equipment Markings Holes, glass,
rocks, debris, etc. Goals (properly secured) Nets
(secured, no holes/gaps) Corner flags Ball
U8-to-Basic Referee Course 1.1 - Lesson 1
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Pre-game Duties and Activities
Use the assistant referees to help check players
equipment Team Uniform Shirt, Shorts, Shoes,
Socks, Shinguards If thermal shorts are worn,
they must be the same color as the
shorts Shinguards must be under the
socks Goalkeepers shirt must be distinguishable
from all other players and the referee
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Pre-game Duties and Activities
Check players equipment Nothing dangerous (in
the referees opinion) No jewelry, watches,
earrings No casts or splints (even if
padded) Knee braces are okay, but only if padded
and safe to all players (in your
opinion) Medical alert bracelets may be worn,
but must be secured to the player with tape,
cloth wristband or something similar that is
safe. The information must remain visible
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Pre-game Duties and Activities
Brief Assistant Referees Neutral ARs Work as
a team Follow standard signals Discuss
non-standard signals
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Pre-game Duties and Activities
Brief Assistant Referees Club Linesmen Non-neutr
al Explain expectations Put at ease Only call
in/out of play Raise flag straight up when ball
has gone completely over the line.
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Checking for Learning
During the safety inspection of the players, the
referee notices that a player is wearing
earrings. She explains that she had her ears
pierced the previous day and if she removes the
earrings the holes will close. What should the
referee do? The referee should explain to the
player that earrings are not permitted if she
wishes to play, she must remove them. The
referee may choose to involve the coach.
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Checking for Learning
In a U-10 game, the ball offered by the home team
is a size 3 but otherwise acceptable. What
should the referee do? Point out to the team
that provided the ball that it is the wrong size
and ask for a size 4 ball. If the team cannot
provide one, ask the other team for one. If no
size 4 ball is available, play the match with a
size 3 ball.
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Checking for Learning
During the field inspection, the assistant
referee notices that a goal is being held in
place by two bricks placed on the back of the
structure. What should the assistant referee
do? Bricks resting on the goal structure are not
sufficient to anchor it securely. The assistant
referee should inform the referee of the problem,
who in turn should inform the coaches that the
goals need to be securely anchored before the
match can start.
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Checking for Learning
The goalkeeper must wear a jersey that is
__? Different from the referee and all other
players It is not necessary to check the field
prior to the start of the match if it is the last
game of the day. (True/False) False
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Checking for Learning
A club linesman may indicate whether a corner
kick can be awarded or not. (True/False) False.
Club linesmen can only indicate when the ball
has gone over the touchline or the goal line (not
a goal). Knee braces may be worn by a player
(T/F) True, but only if padded and if it is safe
for all players, in the opinion of the referee.
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Now that weve finished our pre-game
activities.... How do we start the game?
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Starting the Game
Coin toss Assistant referees typically join the
referee for the coin toss to reinforce the notion
of an officiating team.
But this may not always be possible
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Starting the Game
Verify the correct number of players on the
field (no visible/audible counting). Minimum of
seven (7) players on each team for full-sided
regulation games.
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All players must be on their own side
Defenders must be 10 yds from the ball
A
D
A
D
A
D
A
D
D
A
A
A
D
A
D
D
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Starting the Game

• The assistant referee lets the referee know hes
  ready to start the game by
• Making eye contact with the referee, and
• Unfurling the flag

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Checking for Learning
The team that wins the coin toss gets to choose
____ ? Which goal to attack Where should the
players be on a kick-off? Each team should be in
its own half of the field. The team that is not
taking the kick-off must be outside the center
circle.
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Stopping the Game

• There are seven reasons to stop play
• Ball goes out of play
• The referee deems it necessary
• Goal is scored
• Foul is committed
• Injury
• Substitution
• Halftime / End of Game

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The lines of the field are part of the area they
define
In Play
In Play
IN
OUT
In Play
Either in the air or on the ground
Out of Play
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The balls position determines whether it is in
or out of play Not the players position
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Play is stopped when the referee deems it
necessary
Sometimes there are outside influences that make
it necessary to stop play.
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Play is stopped when a goal is scored
When the ball crosses wholly over the goal
line, between the goalposts and beneath the
crossbar.
It does not matter which team put it there.
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Play is stopped when a foul is committed
This is something that is unfair or unsafe.
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Play is stopped for injuries
ANYTIME
IMMEDIATELY
In younger players games its better to err on
the side of caution
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Play is stopped for injuries
Blood on clothing must be neutralized. Blood on
the body must be removed.
This is the coachs responsibility
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Play is stopped for substitutions

• There are four opportunities for substitutions
  during a regulation match
• Injury
• Approx. midway through the first half
• Halftime
• Approx. midway through the second half

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Play is stopped at the end of the first half and
at the end of the game
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Checking for Learning
When can the referee stop play for an
injury? Anytime Immediately A player dribbling
the ball steps over the line. The ball is out of
play. (True/False) False. Its the position of
the ball (not the player) that determines whether
the ball is in play or not.
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Checking for Learning
How many substitution opportunities are there in
a regulation match? Four Name them Approx.
midway through the first half Halftime Approx.
midway through the second half Injury
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Checking for Learning

• A player is injured and leaves the field (with
  the referees permission). What are the coachs
  substitution options?
• The team can play short until the player returns
  to the field (with the referees permission) or
• A substitute can replace the injured player.

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Checking for Learning
A player is injured and leaves the field (with
the referees permission). The coach decides to
substitute the injured player. Which player gets
credit for the quarter? The player that
started the quarter.
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Checking for Learning
If the boundary line of the field is a rut in
the grass and the ball gets caught in the rut as
it rolls, is it in play? Yes. The lines are a
part of the area they define. The ball remains
in play until the entire ball crosses the entire
line.
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Checking for Learning
According to the National Rules and Regulations,
what is the minimum amount of time each team
member must play? Half the game (two quarters)
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Restarting the Game
For some reason, the game has been
stopped. (Injury, goal, foul, ball out of play,
etc.)
How do we restart play?
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Restarting the Game
THROW-IN When the ball passes out of play over a
touch line, play is restarted with a
Throw-in. The throw is taken by the opponents of
the team that last touched the ball. The throw
is taken from the approximate point on the line
where the ball left the field.
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Restarting the Game

• THROW-IN
• At the moment of delivering
• the ball, the thrower must
• Face the field of play
• Have part of each foot touching the ground either
  on or behind the line and
• Use both hands to deliver the ball from behind
  and over the head.

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Restarting the Game

• THROW-IN
• The ball is in play as soon as released and any
  portion of it is on or over the outside edge of
  the touchline.
• Opposing players must be
• at least 2 yds. from the
• point of the throw-in.
• A goal may not be scored
• directly from a throw-in.

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Restarting the Game
GOAL KICK When the whole ball passes over the
goal line, last touched by an attacker (not a
goal), play is restarted with a Goal Kick for the
defending team. The ball is placed anywhere in
the goal area.
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GOAL KICK All of these balls are legally
placed within the goal area.
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Restarting the Game
GOAL KICK The ball is in play when it leaves the
penalty area into the field of play The kicker
cannot touch the ball a second time until its
touched by any other player. A goal can be
scored directly from a goal kick, but only
against the opposing team.
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Restarting the Game
CORNER KICK When the whole ball passes over the
goal line, last touched by a defender (not a
goal), play is restarted with a Corner Kick for
the attacking team.
The ball is placed anywhere within the corner
arc area.
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Restarting the Game
CORNER KICK
All of these balls are legally placed
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CORNER KICK Players from the opposing team must
be 10 yds. from the ball. The ball is in play
when it is kicked (with a kicking motion) and
moves. It does not have to leave the corner arc
area. The kicker cannot move the corner flag. A
goal can be scored directly from a corner kick.
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Restarting the Game
DROPPED BALL
A way to restart play for an unusual but neutral
reason.
Examples Injury Dog on the field Stray ball on
the field
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DROPPED BALL
The referee drops the ball where it was when play
was stopped. The ball is dropped from the
players waist height. The ball is in play when
it hits the ground. If a player kicks the ball
before it hits the ground, the ball is dropped
again.
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Restarting the Game
FREE KICKS
A way to restart play when the Referee has
stopped play because of a foul.
There are two types of free kicks Direct Free
Kick Indirect Free Kick
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Restarting the Game
Direct Free Kick (DFK) A goal can be scored
directly from the kick (against the opposing
team) Indirect Free Kick (IFK) The ball must
touch any other player before a goal can be scored
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Restarting the Game
To signal an Indirect Free Kick, the Referee
holds his hand straight up into the air. The
hand remains in this position until the ball
either (a) touches any other player, or (b) goes
out of play.
There is no signal for a Direct Free Kick
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Restarting the Game
The kicker may not touch the ball a second time
until it has touched another player.
Exception If a free kick taken by the defending
team in its own penalty area is touched a second
time before the ball leaves the penalty area, the
kick is retaken.
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• In most cases a Free Kick (both types) is
• Taken from the location of the foul, and
• In play once it is kicked (with a kicking motion)
  and moves.
• All opponents must

• be 10 yds. from the ball.
• But there are some exceptions.

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If a free kick of any type is awarded to the
defending team in its own penalty area
Direction of Kick
The ball is in play once it leaves the Penalty
Area into the field of play
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If a free kick of any type is awarded to the
defending team in its own goal area, the ball can
be placed anywhere in the goal area
Direction of Kick
The ball is in play once it leaves the Penalty
Area into the field of play
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If an IFK is awarded to the attacking team in its
opponents goal area, the ball is moved out to
the goal area line.
Direction of Kick
The ball is in play once it is kicked and moves.
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If a Direct Free Kick Foul is awarded to the
attacking team in the opponents penalty area, a
penalty kick is awarded instead.
Direction of Kick
The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves
forward.
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• PENALTY KICK
• (U-10 and above, only)
• A penalty kick is awarded when a direct free kick
  foul has been committed by a team within its own
  penalty area.
• All players (other than the kicker and the
  goalkeeper) must be
• Outside the penalty area and penalty arc
• Behind the ball
• Until the ball is played.

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• PENALTY KICK
• (U-10 and above, only)
• The goalkeeper must remain on the goal line (but
  can move side-to-side) until the ball is in play.
• The ball is in play
• once it is kicked
• and moves forward.
• The kicker may not touch the ball a second time
  until touched by any other player.

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Checking for Learning
The ball goes completely over the touch line,
last touched by an attacker. What is the
restart? Throw-in for the defending team The
ball goes completely over the goal line (not a
goal), last touched by a defender. What is the
restart? Corner Kick
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Checking for Learning
Is this ball legally placed for a corner
kick? Yes
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Checking for Learning
What does this signal indicate? Indirect
Free Kick
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Checking for Learning
How many players must be present for the taking
of a dropped ball? There is no requirement The
ball goes completely over the goal line (not a
goal), last touched by an attacker. What is the
restart? Goal Kick
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Fouls and Misconduct

• OBJECTIVES
• Explain the two categories of fouls
• Cover fouls that occur
• in younger players games
• Introduce the concept of misconduct

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A foul is an unsafe or unfair act

• Committed by a player
• Against an opponent
• On the field of play
• While the ball is in play

All four elements must exist for the incident to
be a foul.
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Fouls are categorized into two types Direct
Free Kick fouls Indirect Free Kick fouls
These categories are named for the way play is
restarted
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Direct Free Kick fouls There are 10

1. Kicks an opponent
2. Trips an opponent
3. Strikes an opponent

Even the attempt to commit any of these three
actions is a foul.
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Direct Free Kick fouls There are 10

1. Jumps at an opponent
2. Unfairly charges an opponent
3. Pushes an opponent
4. Tackles an opponent

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Direct Free Kick fouls There are 10

1. Holds an opponent
2. Spits at an opponent
3. Handles the ball deliberately

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Direct Free Kick fouls
Six of these fouls most commonly occur in U-10
and younger age groups

• Kicks an opponent
• Trips an opponent
• Pushes an opponent
• Holds an opponent
• Unfairly charges an opponent
• Handles the ball deliberately

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Indirect Free Kick fouls There are 7 The first
four pertain solely to the goalkeeper in his own
penalty area.

1. Takes more than six seconds while controlling the
   ball with his hands, before releasing it from his
   possession

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Indirect Free Kick fouls The first four pertain
solely to the goalkeeper in his own penalty area.

1. Touches the ball again with his hands after it
   has been released from his possession and has not
   touched any other player.

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Indirect Free Kick fouls The first four pertain
solely to the goalkeeper in his own penalty area.

1. Touches the ball with his hands after it has been
   deliberately kicked to him by a team-mate.

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Indirect Free Kick fouls The first four pertain
solely to the goalkeeper in his own penalty area.

1. Touches the ball with his hands after he has
   received it directly from a throw-in taken by a
   team-mate.

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Indirect Free Kick fouls The remaining three
pertain to all players.

• Plays in a dangerous manner
• Impedes the progress of an opponent
• Prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball
  from his hands

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Indirect Free Kick
Two of these fouls most commonly occur in U-10
and younger age groups

• Plays in a dangerous manner
• Goalkeeper takes more than six seconds to put the
  ball into play

Be prompt with the Dangerous Play call. Dont be
too ticky-tacky with the six second call
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MISCONDUCT
Behavior that is in serious conflict with the
spirit of the game and good sportsmanship (Someth
ing thats very rare in the U-10 game)
Two types of Misconduct Those resulting in a
Caution Those resulting in a Send-Off
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MISCONDUCT
There are seven cautionable offences

• Unsporting behavior
• Dissent by word or action
• Persistently infringes the Laws of the Game
• Delays the restart of play
• Fails to respect the required distance on a
  corner kick, free kick or throw-in
• Enters/re-enters the field of play without
  permission
• Leaves the field of play without permission

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MISCONDUCT
There are seven send-off offences

• Serious foul play
• Violent conduct
• Spits at any person
• Denies a goal or obvious goal-scoring opportunity
  by deliberately handling the ball
• Denies an obvious goal-scoring opportunity by an
  offense punishable by a free kick or penalty kick
• Offensive/insulting/abusive language or gestures
• Receives a second caution in the same match

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Misconduct is rare in U-10 games. Referees
should deal with it informally without showing
cards.
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Coaches and spectators can be warned and even
dismissed from the game.
But they must never be shown the red or yellow
card.
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Checking for Learning
There are two types of fouls. Name them. Direct
Free Kick Fouls Indirect Free Kick Fouls Why are
the fouls given these names? They are named for
the way play is restarted after the referee has
stopped play because of the foul.
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Checking for Learning
What are the six Direct Free Kick fouls most
often seen in U-10 games? Kicking an
opponent Tripping an opponent Pushing an
opponent Holding an opponent Unfairly Charging an
opponent Handling the ball deliberately
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Checking for Learning
What are the two Indirect Free Kick fouls most
often seen in U-10 games? Dangerous
Play Goalkeeper takes more than six seconds to
put the ball into play
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Checking for Learning
What kind of foul is Handling the ball
deliberately? Direct Free Kick Foul What kind
of foul is Pushing an opponent? Direct Free
Kick Foul
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Checking for Learning
What kind of foul is Playing in a dangerous
manner? Indirect Free Kick Foul If a player
tries to hit another opponent but misses, the
referee cannot call a foul. (True/False) False.
Even the attempt to strike an opponent can be
a foul.
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Checking for Learning
The ball bounces up and hits a player in the arm.
Is this a foul? No A player thats lying on
the ground kicks at the ball. No one else is
near. Is this dangerous play? No
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Checking for Learning
The referee thinks a foul may have occurred but
hes not sure. Should he stop play? No A U-10
player is guilty of one of the types of
Misconduct. The player should be shown the
yellow or red card. (True/False) The referee
has the authority to show the card, but should
work together with the coach to resolve the
matter without displaying a card.
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Checking for Learning
A coach is behaving badly and the referee elects
to dismiss the coach from the field. If the
coachs conduct is terribly bad, the referee may
show the coach the red card. Cards are solely
for the players. Coaches/Spectators are NEVER to
be shown the cards.
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OFFSIDE
The Offside Law is the only law that restricts
tactical positioning during dynamic play. The
offside law is intended to ensure that players
earn the right to shoot on goal.
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OFFSIDE

• Elements of the offside infraction
• Position
• Time of Judgment
• Active Involvement
• All three elements must be present or there
  cannot be an infraction

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OFFSIDE

• Offside Position
• A Player is in an offside position if he is
• In the opponents half of the field
• Closer to the opponents goal line than at least
  two opponents and
• Closer to the opponents goal line than the ball
• All three elements must be present or the player
  is not in an offside position, and there cannot
  be an infraction

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Offside Position It is not an offence to be in
an offside position It just means that player
is momentarily off his team. He cannot interfere
with play or any of the opposing players. He
cannot have any involvement in the match. Hes
off his team.
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OFFSIDE
Time of Judgment Offside Position is judged at
the moment the ball touches or is played by one
of his team
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OFFSIDE

• Active Involvement
• A player may be involved in active play by
• Interfering with play
• Interfering with an opponent or
• Gaining an advantage by being in that position.

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OFFSIDE
Once all three of these conditions have been
met POSITION TIME OF JUDGMENT ACTIVE
INVOLVEMENT An offside infraction has
occurred An indirect free kick is awarded to the
opposing team from the place the infringement
occurred.
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OFFSIDE
Exceptions There is no offence if a player
receives the ball directly from Goal
Kick Corner Kick Throw-In
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Direction of attack
AR
OFFSIDE
A1
D
A2
A
A
D
A
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Direction of attack
AR
NOT OFFSIDE
D
A1
A
A2
A
D
A
107
Direction of attack
AR
NOT OFFSIDE
D
A1
A
A2
A
D
A
A
A3
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Direction of attack
AR
NOT OFFSIDE Goal Kick
A2
A1
A
A
D
A
D
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Direction of attack
AR
OFFSIDE
A
D
D
A
Deflection off goalpost or goalkeeper
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Direction of attack
AR
NOT OFFSIDE
A
D
D
A
111
Direction of attack
AR
OFFSIDE
A
A
A
D
D
112
Direction of attack
AR
OFFSIDE
A
D
D
A
113
Direction of attack
AR
OFFSIDE
D
A
A
A
D
D
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Direction of attack
AR
NOT OFFSIDE
D
A
A
D
A
D
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Direction of attack
Corner Kick
AR
A
A
A
OFFSIDE
D
D
D
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Key Takeaways It is not an offence to be in an
offside position Wait for Active Involvement
before penalizing for offside The player is not
required to touch the ball for the offside to
be penalized
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Referee and Asst. Referee Mechanics
118
What are the Duties of the Referee ?

• Keep a record of the match
• Timekeeper
• Scorekeeper
• Control substitutions
• File a written report
• Stop play for injury
• Restart play when it has been stopped
• Suspend/terminate a match for cause

119
REFEREE COMMUNICATION / SIGNALS
Whistle
Voice
Hand
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REFEREE POSITIONING
121
REFEREE POSITIONING
122
REFEREE POSITIONING
123
ASST. REFEREE DUTIES AND SIGNALS

• Neutral Assistant Referee
• Indicate ball out of play
• Indicate which side gets
• throw-in, goal kick or corner kick
• Indicate when offside infringement has occurred
• Indicate when substitution is desired
• Assist the referee to control the game

124
ASST. REFEREE DUTIES AND SIGNALS
Club Linesmen Only indicate ball in-and-out of
play
125
ASST. REFEREE DUTIES AND SIGNALS

• FLAG SIGNALS
• Throw-in
• Goal Kick
• Corner Kick
• Offside
• Goal
• Other

126
Key Takeaways The Referees role is to ensure
the game is Fun, Fair and Safe Assistant
Referees assist the Referee The referee team
positions themselves to box play
127
Checking for Learning
Who determines when the half is over? The
Referee Who makes the offside call? The Referee
128
Checking for Learning
What method of communication by the Referee is
most effective to say to the players Stop
playing I saw a foul? The whistle What is
the Assistant Referees signal for a throw-in
awarded to the attacking team? Faces the field
of play and raises the flag 45 degrees above the
diagonal in his right hand, parallel to the touch
line
129
Checking for Learning
What method of communication by the Referee is
most effective to announce to the players to take
a kickoff? The whistle What is the Club
Linesmans signal for a throw-in awarded to the
attacking team? None. A Club Linesman can
only indicate when the ball has gone completely
out of play (by raising the flag straight up).
He cannot indicate who gets the throw-in.
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FUNDAMENTAL COACHING CONCEPTS
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OBJECTIVES OF THE GAME ATTACKERS
DEFENDERS
132
OBJECTIVES OF THE GAME ATTACKERS
DEFENDERS SCORE
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OBJECTIVES OF THE GAME ATTACKERS
DEFENDERS SCORE STOP SCORING
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OBJECTIVES OF THE GAME ATTACKERS
DEFENDERS SCORE STOP SCORING ADVANCE
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OBJECTIVES OF THE GAME ATTACKERS
DEFENDERS SCORE STOP SCORING ADVANCE DELAY

136
OBJECTIVES OF THE GAME ATTACKERS
DEFENDERS SCORE STOP SCORING ADVANCE DELAY
MAINTAIN POSSESSION
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OBJECTIVES OF THE GAME ATTACKERS
DEFENDERS SCORE STOP SCORING ADVANCE DELAY
MAINTAIN POSSESSION REGAIN POSSESSION
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OBJECTIVES OF THE GAME ATTACKERS
DEFENDERS SCORE STOP SCORING ADVANCE DELAY
MAINTAIN POSSESSION REGAIN POSSESSION
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PRINCIPLES OF PLAY ATTACKERS DEFENDERS
140
PRINCIPLES OF PLAY ATTACKERS
DEFENDERS PENETRATION
141
PRINCIPLES OF PLAY ATTACKERS
DEFENDERS PENETRATION DELAY
142
PRINCIPLES OF PLAY ATTACKERS
DEFENDERS PENETRATION DELAY DEPTH
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PRINCIPLES OF PLAY ATTACKERS
DEFENDERS PENETRATION DELAY DEPTH DEPTH
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PRINCIPLES OF PLAY ATTACKERS
DEFENDERS PENETRATION DELAY DEPTH DEPTH
MOBILITY
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PRINCIPLES OF PLAY ATTACKERS
DEFENDERS PENETRATION DELAY DEPTH DEPTH
MOBILITY BALANCE
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PRINCIPLES OF PLAY ATTACKERS
DEFENDERS PENETRATION DELAY DEPTH DEPTH
MOBILITY BALANCE WIDTH
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PRINCIPLES OF PLAY ATTACKERS
DEFENDERS PENETRATION DELAY DEPTH DEPTH
MOBILITY BALANCE WIDTH CONCENTRATION
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PRINCIPLES OF PLAY ATTACKERS
DEFENDERS PENETRATION DELAY DEPTH DEPTH
MOBILITY BALANCE WIDTH CONCENTRATION CREATIVITY
149
PRINCIPLES OF PLAY ATTACKERS
DEFENDERS PENETRATION DELAY DEPTH DEPTH
MOBILITY BALANCE WIDTH CONCENTRATION CREATIVITY
COMPOSURE
150
PRINCIPLES OF PLAY ATTACKERS
DEFENDERS PENETRATION DELAY DEPTH DEPTH
MOBILITY BALANCE WIDTH CONCENTRATION CREATIVITY
COMPOSURE
151
In AYSO, Its about more than the game !