Basic Referee Course

1
Basic Referee Course

• Regional Referee Badge
• Required for U9 and above
• No Prerequisites
• Requirements
• Register for course
• Attend course
• Sign roster eAYSO pre-reg.
• Pass tests
• Signed volunteer application
• Field clinic (recommended)

2
Basic Referee Course
Agenda

• Opening Remarks (Introductions
  Housekeeping) (15 min.)
• Module 1 Safe Haven Certification (40 min.)
  videotest
• Module 2 The Game of Soccer (10 min.)
• Module 3 Pre-game Preparation (15 min.) video
• Module 4 Starting the Game (10 min.)
• Module 5 Stopping Play (15 min.)
• Module 6 Restarting Play (120 min.)
  videofieldclass
• Lunch Served (30 min.)
• Module 7 Fouls (45 min.) video
• Module 8 Misconduct (15 min.)
• Module 9 Offside (45 min.) (Will use The Soccer
  Tutor Program)
• Module 10 Referee and Assistant Referee
  Mechanics (15 min.)
• Module 11 Post Game (10 min.) video
• Break (5 min.
• Module 12 Referee Support Review (15 min.)
• Basic Referee Test and Review (45 min.)
• Field Positioning Clinic (45 min.) field

3
Basic Referee Course Intro
3 min.
4
Why Are You Here?

• Top Reasons
• I need the money
• My spouse signed me up
• If I dont do it my kids cant play
• Youth Referee Benefits

• Community service - Yes
• Earn registration fees - Yes
• Earn referee points for team - Yes

Whatever your reason for being here Lets make
it an enjoyable learning experience!
5
Module 1 Referee Safe Haven
Audio Version
Next Module
6
About AYSO

• A volunteer run soccer organization
• Over 650,000 players
• Over 300,000 volunteers
• About 60 paid staff
• Organized into about
• 15 Sections
• 50 Areas
• 1000 Local Regions
• Founded in 1964 in Torrance CA
• National office located in Hawthorne, CA
  (1-800-USA-AYSO or www.soccer.org)

7
What is Safe Haven?

• An AYSO program developed to help us protect
• The kids in our program, and
• Ourselves
• Safe Haven Includes
• Rules Regulations
• Polices Procedures
• Job Descriptions
• Certification Training
• Background Checks (conducted by National)
• Certification Child-specific Safe Haven courses.
  
• Training Discipline-specific courses e.g. coach,
  referee and management training courses.

8
AYSO Philosophy

• Everyone Plays
• Our program goal is for kids to play soccer so
  we mandate that every player on every team must
  play at least half of every game
• Balanced Teams
• Each year we form new teams as evenly balanced as
  possible because it is fair and more fun when
  teams of equal ability play.
• Open Registration
• Our program is open to all children between 4 and
  19 years of age who want to register and play
  soccer. Interest and enthusiasm are the only
  criteria for playing.
• Positive Coaching
• Encouragement of player effort provides for
  greater enjoyment by the players and ultimately
  leads to better-skilled and better-motivated
  players.
• Good Sportsmanship
• We strive to create a positive environment based
  on mutual respect rather than a win-at-all-costs
  attitude, and our program is designed to instill
  good sportsmanship in every facet of AYSO.

9
Volunteer Responsibilities Legal Protections

• Volunteers must submit an AYSO volunteer
  application form every year.
• Volunteers must follow AYSO job descriptions,
  policies, procedures and guidelines.
• Volunteers are also required to
• Complete Safe Haven Certification
• Be properly trained
• And, be authorized by a region to do their job
• Volunteers are protected by Good Samaritan laws
  the Federal Volunteer Protection Act of 1997

10
Alcohol, Tobacco Other Drugs

• AYSO National Rules Regulations prohibit the
  use of alcohol, tobacco other drugs at
  practices and games and in the immediate vicinity
  of the fields.
• Volunteers are role models and must act
  accordingly at all times.
• Volunteer Protection Act of 1997 does not provide
  protection for criminal acts.

11
Supervision Policies

• Recommended supervision ratios
• One adult per 8 or fewer children (18)
• At least 2 adults present at all times.
• At least 1 adult of the same gender.
• Volunteers should never be alone with children.

12
Types of Abuse
3 Widely Recognized

• Emotional
• Physical
• Sexual

2 Newly Recognized

• Neglect (e.g. Left at the field)
• Ethical (e.g. Encouraged to cheat)

13
Prevent False Accusations

• Avoid being alone with a child.
• Stay within the sight of others.
• Respect their privacy and yours.
• Avoid sexual jokes, comments or gestures.

14
AYSO Touching Policy

• Some forms of touching are acceptable.
• In response to childs not adults needs.
• Touch only with childs permission
• Resistance must be respected.
• Touching must be brief in duration.
• Avoid touching childs private areas.
• Never touch a child when out of sight.
• Factors change with age and gender.

15
Blood-Borne Diseases

• Possibility of contracting a blood-borne disease
  is minimal, however, precautions must be taken.
• AYSO guidelines are clear.
• Cannot play if bleeding
• Wounds must be properly covered
• Clothing must be disinfected
• Coach is responsible for correcting the problem

16
Risk Management

• Volunteers must take action to avoid risks.
• Consider environmental conditions
• Temperature, humidity, rain, thunder lightning,
  etc.
• Repair or avoid physical surroundings
• Sprinkler heads, unsecured goals, objects on the
  field, wet field, etc.
• Act to prevent injuries
• Dont wait for accidents to happen, avoid them.

17
AYSO Team Concept

• The Team must work together to protect the kids
  and to provide them with a proper environment for
  development.

• A team is only as strong as its weakest link.

18
Making a Safe Haven

• Finally, if
• You learn your job well
• Follow the rules regulations
• Report and follow up on problems
• And, always use common sense
• You will create a Safe Haven for yourself and for
  our children.

19
Safe Haven Confirmation

1. AYSO Volunteers must complete, sign and submit a
   Volunteer Application form only once.
2. All AYSO coaches and referees are required to do
   the following complete Safe Haven Certification,
   be properly trained in their jobs and be
   authorized to do their job by the appropriate
   AYSO authority.
3. The Volunteer Protection Act of 1997 grants
   immunity for volunteers from certain types of
   prosecution, including offenses involving
   alcohol, tobacco products and illegal or
   prescription only drugs.AYSO is based which five
   key philosophies.
4. Training is defined as the education a volunteer
   receives to do a specific job or task.
5. Certification is Safe Haven specific and confirms
   key competencies in a volunteer.
6. The recommended supervision ratio is 116.
7. AYSO recommends that at least two adults be
   present when children are being supervised and at
   least one adult be of the same gender as the
   children being supervised.
8. Psychologists, legislators and educators around
   the country generally recognize only the
   following three types of abuse Emotional,
   physical and sexual.

20
Safe Haven Confirmation

1. AYSO volunteers should avoid situations,
   including transporting youngsters in a car, in
   which they are alone with a child other than
   their own.
2. Some forms of touching children are acceptable as
   long as they are respectful and appropriate.
3. Criticism of referee decisions is a part of sport
   and need not be discouraged in young players.
4. Players emulate the behavior of adults at
   sporting events and develop lasting attitudes and
   values based on the behavior modeled by adults in
   youth sports.
5. Physical features such as sprinkler heads, goal
   posts and walls may present significant hazards.
6. The possibility of contracting a blood-borne
   disease such as AIDS or hepatitis B through
   athletic activity is high.
7. The 5 basic philosophies of AYSO are Everyone
   Plays, Balanced Teams, Open Registration,
   Positive Coaching and Good Sportsmanship.

21
Conclusion

• This Concludes Safe Haven Certification
• Please Complete the Safe Haven Certification
  Test

22
The Game of Soccer

• Module
• 2

23
Soccer For Dummies

• Soccer is
• a game played by two opposing teams,
• in two halves of equal time,
• with a spherical ball,
• on a rectangular field with a goal at each end.
• The object of the game is to get the ball
• entirely over your opponents goal line and
• inside their goal,
• without using your hands or arms.
• After the kick-off, play is continuous until
  either
• The ball entirely leaves the field of play, or
• The referee blows the whistle.
• Play is restarted fairly based on why it was
  stopped.
• The referees job is to keep the game
  SAFE, FAIR and FUN for everyone.

24
History of the Game

• Known as Association Football
• Historical Roots Kicking an object from one
  goal to another goal.
• Modern Game LOTG written in 1863 at a meeting
  in Fleet Street, London.
• FIFA was created in Paris in 1904 and moved to
  Zurich in 1974.
• AYSO complies with FIFA Laws.(Our special rules
  all fit under FIFAs exceptions for youth soccer)

25
Spirit of the Game

• Over-riding philosophy Spirit of Fair Play
• If ball leaves the field, the other team gets to
  restart. (throw-in, goal kick or corner kick)
• For infringements of the Law opponents receive a
  free kick (direct free kick, indirect free
  kick or penalty kick)
• In the extreme, but only if necessary, a caution
  or send-off.
• Game should be SAFE, FAIR and FUN.
• Referee has full authority to enforce the LOTG
• Referees degree of discretion is fundamental and
  unique.
• Authority to stop, suspend, or terminate, at
  his/her discretion.
• Game is meant to flow continuously
• Played with as little interference as possible,
• Stops only if ball completely leaves the field,
  or
• Referee blows the whistle

26
Spirit of the Game (Rules Regs)
National Rules Regulations

• The Laws of the Game are intended to provide
  that games should be played with as little
  interference as possible, and in this view it is
  the duty of the referee to penalize only
  deliberate breaches of the Law.
• Constant whistling for trifling and doubtful
  breaches produces bad feelings and loss of temper
  on the part of the players and spoils the
  pleasure of spectators.

27
Philosophy of Refereeing

• Be a friendly aunt or uncle not a policeman.
• Maintain a fun learning environment.
• Know, understand and apply the rules. Always
  use common sense
• You must see an infraction to punish it.
• The need to caution or send-off a young player is
  extremely rare and can usually be avoided.

28
Small-sided Play

• Smaller fields mean more games.
• More touches on the ball.
• Faster skill development.
• Must check local rules
• Number of players
• Field sizes and markings
• Special rules

29
Dealing with Young Players

• Positive Coaching is Mandatory Positive
  Instructional Encouraging

30
Age Specific Issues

• U-6 Very simple rules just fun
• U-8 Simple rules start learning game
• U-9/10 The whole game control parents
• U-12 Skills better parents better
• U-14 Hormones kick in control is key
• U-16 Better be in shape fouls galore
• U-19 A little easier if you can keep up

31
Review

• Soccer is a game with a long interesting
  history.
• Underlying Spirit of the Game is Fairness.
• AYSO is based on five key philosophies.
• We want a SAFE, FAIR and FUN environment.
• No Tobacco or Alcohol permitted.
• AYSO Team must work together for the kids.
• Referee should be a Friendly Authority.
• Referee must understand and adjust to age
  differences.

32
Confirmation

• Name the 3 elements of positive coaching (PIE)?
• A coach may smoke if the players cannot see it?
• If a member of the AYSO Team does not support the
  team who gets hurt?
• The main focus of the Spirit of the Game is?
• A young player who misbehaves must be publicly
  disciplined as an example?

33
Wrap-up

• Each game is a learning opportunity for the
  players, coaches, parents and referees. Take
  advantage of it.

... Applause
34
Pre-game Preparation

• Module
• 3

35
Pre-game Preparation
5 min.
36
Field Issues

• AYSO fields may not be perfect.
• goal posts, nets, corner flags, lines, coaches
  area,
• holes, water, mud, debris, sprinkler heads.
• Use common sense
• play the game if its safe.

• The coaches area is an important aid in reducing
  sideline problems.
• Coaches Area exists even if not marked
• Mark one if necessary (use cones or bags)

37
Ball Issues

• The referee is responsible for securing and
  approving a proper ball for the match
• See lineup card or AYSO LOTG for correct size.
• Check the number on the ball, dont guess.
• Smooth, no loose panels, most colors are okay.
• Not too hard or too soft depress ¼ inch.
• Rotates evenly when tossed.
• May need backup balls.
• The home team is generally responsible for
  providing game balls, and has the right to do so.
• Regional or competition policies concerning the
  game ball may vary.

38
Uniform Safety Issues

• Players must have the required equipment (5
  items) (shirt, shorts, shinguards, socks and
  shoes).
• All players on a team, except the goalkeeper,
  should have the same uniforms.
• Teams and goalkeepers must be reasonably
  distinguishable from each other. (home must
  change)
• Socks must be put on over the shinguards and
  completely cover them.
• Allowed Prescription glasses, medical alert
  bracelets and knee braces, unless they are
  clearly unsafe.
• Not allowed Jewelry, casts or splints, hats with
  hard bills. Nothing dangerous is allowed.

39
Referee Pre-game Checklist

• Arrive ½ hour early, properly dressed,
  warm-up, smile, be prepared to have FUN.
• Bring Uniform, badge, coin, whistle, flags, Law
  book, Natl. Rules Regs, watch, pencil, pad,
  shoes.
• Referees Shake hands, review responsibilities.
• Coaches Shake hands, get game cards, subs.
  (AYSO Team)
• Field Check goal posts, nets, holes, water,
  mud, debris, sprinkler heads, lines, coaches
  area, corner flags.
• Players Check for safe shoes, shinguards,
  socks, jewelry, uniform colors, goalkeeper
  colors, hats, shoes tied properly, shirts
  tucked in.
• Ball Obtain and inspect the game ball.
• Start Conduct coin toss.

Read this checklist before leaving for the game!
40
Confirmation

• What would you do if a child says that a soft
  friendship bracelet cannot be removed?
• What would you do if a player is wearing a cast
  that is wrapped in ½ closed-cell, slow-recovery
  foam with no hard edges showing?
• Why is the coaches area required by AYSO?
• Which is worse, a ball that is too hard, or too
  soft?
• What are the two most important things to
  consider when deciding if a field is playable?

41
Wrap-up

• A referee who comes to the field on time,
  prepared, and with a positive attitude, has a
  much better chance of enjoying the experience.

... Applause
42
Starting the Game

• Module
• 4

43
Coin Toss

• Dont forget to bring a coin!
• Visiting team gets to make the call.
• Winner chooses which end of field to start on.
• Loser kicks off to start game.
• At the start of the 2nd half
• Teams switch ends of the field.
• Team that didnt kick off to start the game,
  kicks off to start the 2nd half.
• Kick-off is in the same direction as the 1st half
  kick-off.

44
Players and Substitutes
Check local rules for team sizes and minimum
playing times.

• In full-sided games each team must have at least
  7 and no more than 11 players.
• On the lineup card
• Mark any players who are missing or unable to
  play, and any who later become injured.
• Mark substitutes on the lineup card.
• Count players on the field before the kick-off.
• Notify coach if any player is playing less than
  the minimum playing time. (Report if not
  corrected)

Check the LOTG or lineup card for small sided
games.
45
The Kick-off

• Ball stationary and all players in their own
  half.
• Opposing players outside the center circle.
• Ball must be kicked forward.

Note The kick-off will be covered in detail
later
46
Keeping Time

• Referee is the official timekeeper.
• The game is played in two halves of equal time.
  See times on the lineup card Start clock when
  ball is in play
• Time runs continuously except for substitutions
  and half-time.
• Referee allows substitutions approximately midway
  through each half. Usually when play is
  already stopped.
• Referee may add time lost by excessive time
  wasting, injuries, or unavoidable occurrences.

Check local competition rules
47
Confirmation

• Who kicks off to start the game?
• Minimum number of players on a full sized team?
• Can a goal be scored directly from a kick-off?
• When is the clock stopped?
• When is the game over?

48
Wrap-up

• The best way to start a game is On time

... Applause
49
Stopping Play

• Module
• 5

50
Ball In/Out of Play
Restarts are covered later

• Lines are part of the areas they enclose.
• Touch lines and goal lines are part of the field.
  (Boundary lines)

• Ball is out of play when it wholly crosses a
  touch line or a goal line, on the ground or in
  the air.
• Only D is out of play.
• The balls position determines whether it is in
  or out of play, not the players position.

51
Goal Scored

• Goal lines are part of the field.
• The balls position determines if it is a goal,
  not the goalkeepers position.

• A goal is scored when the ball wholly crosses the
  goal line, on the ground or in the air, under the
  crossbar and between the goalposts.
• Only D is a goal.

52
Injury or Outside Interference

• Take immediate action. (Use common sense)
• Injury Prevention - Be safety conscious - Move
  location - Correct problems - Cancel if
  necessary - Modify activity or rules - Report
  problems
• Bleeding PlayerMust leave field until bleeding
  is stopped, wound is covered and any blood on
  clothing is disinfected.
• Outside Interference Stop if it is unsafe,
  unfair, or unsporting behavior.

53
Substitutions

• Made at approximately the middle of each half, at
  half-time, or for injuries. (4 times)
• Try to stop when ball is out of play.
• Mark substitutes on the lineup card.
• Inform coach if a player is not playing the
  minimum time. (Report if not corrected)
• Substitutions should be made as quickly as
  possible.
• Restart based on why play was stopped.

54
End of Half or Game

• Referee signals the end of each half when
  regulation time and any stoppage time for that
  half has expired.
• The half or game ends when the referee decides
  that time has expired.
• Stoppage time should be added only for unusual
  delays, e.g. a serious injury, excessive time
  wasting, or a long delay caused by outside
  interference. Local rules vary concerning
  stoppage time.

55
Fouls or Misconduct (Stopping Play)

• The referee blows the whistle to stop play if a
  foul or misconduct occurs.
• The referee may blow the whistle immediately, or
  chose to wait until the ball is out of play to
  penalize misconduct.
• If play is stopped, the restart is a free kick to
  the opposing team.

Note In the lower divisions the primary
consideration for stopping play to award a free
kick is whether the act caused danger to or
lessened the enjoyment of any of the participants.
56
Confirmation

• When should the referee stop the game for an
  apparent injury?
• When is the ball out of play?
• When can substitutions be made?

57
Wrap-up

• The game is meant to be played with as little
  interference as possible.
• When stopping a game use common sense and
  consider the age and experience of the players.

... Applause
58
Restarting Play

• Module
• 6

59
Restarts Ball Leaves Field
10 min.
60
General Rules for Restarts

• Restarts are to be made without any interference
  or distraction by opponents.
• Opponents must stay a safe and fair distance
  away.
• Player taking the restart may not touch the ball
  again until it touches another player.
• Otherwise an IFK is awarded to opponents.

No Interference Safe Distance No 2nd Touch
61
Restarts (On the field)

• Field (80 minutes)
• Referee AR Mechanics (Signaling)
• Area A TI Area B GK,CK PK Area C
  KO,DFK,IFK DB

62
The Kick-off

• Ball is stationary and all players are in their
  own half.
• Opposing players must be outside the center
  circle.
• Referee checks positions then signals start.
  (whistle)
• Ball must be kicked forward.

• Ball is in play when it is kicked and moves
  forward.
• If not taken correctly, the kick-off is retaken.
• Kicker may not touch the ball again until it
  touches another player. (IFK is awarded to
  opponents)
• A goal can be scored directly from a kick-off.

63
Throw-in
Taken when ball goes over the touch-line.
(All general restart rules apply)
No Interference Safe Distance No 2nd Touch

• Thrower must
• Face the field of play
• Have part of each foot
• Touching the ground, and
• On or behind the touchline
• Must use both hands to throw the ball from behind
  and over the head.
• Ball is in play when released and any portion is
  on or over the outside edge of the touch line.
• Opponents at least 2 yards from thrower
• A goal may not be scored from a throw-in.

64
Goal Kick
Taken when ball goes over goal line last touched
by attacking team. (All general restart
rules apply)
No Interference Safe Distance No 2nd Touch

• Taken from anywhere in the goal area.
• Lines are part of the area they enclose.

• Opponents must move out of penalty area.
• Ball is in play when it leaves penalty area.
• A goal may be scored directly, but only against
  opponents.

65
Corner Kick
Taken when ball goes over goal line last touched
by defending team. (All general restart rules
apply)
No Interference Safe Distance No 2nd Touch

• Ball is placed in the corner area on the side
  where it left the field.
• Lines are part of the area.
• Only E is incorrect
• Player cannot move flag

• Ball is in play when it is kicked and moves.
• Can score directly into opponents goal.

66
Free Kick
(All general restart rules apply)
No Interference Safe Distance No 2nd Touch

• Direct (DFK) or Indirect (IFK)
• IFK Cannot score until the ball touches another
  player. (Referee holds up arm until then.)
• Taken from the place where the infringement
  occurred, or in certain cases where the ball was
  when play was stopped.
• Opponents must be at least 10 yards from the
  ball. ( Subject to small-sided goal area
  issues.)
• Ball is in play when it is kicked and moves.(If
  taken inside ones own penalty area it must leave
  the area.)

A free kick awarded inside the goal area is
moved out to the nearest point on the goal area
line parallel to the goal line.
67
Penalty Kick
Taken when a DFK foul is committed by a defender
in their own penalty area. (All general
restart rules apply)
No Interference Safe Distance No 2nd Touch

• All players except GK and kicker must be
• Behind the ball
• Outside penalty area
• At least 10 yards from ball (outside arc)

• Only A B are in correct positions.
• Goalkeeper may move laterally along goal line.
• Referee signals (whistle) when players are ready.
• Retaken or IFK if not taken correctly. (Spirit of
  Fairness)

68
Dropped Ball

• When play is stopped by the referee for an
  unusual reason, e.g an injury or outside
  interference, the game is restarted with a
  dropped ball.
• The ball is dropped by the referee where it was
  when play stopped, but never in the goal area.
• The ball is in play when it hits the ground.
• Drop it from about the players waist height.

69
Confirmation

• What are the 3 general rules for restarts?
• Where is a dropped ball taken?
• Where is a free kick taken?
• A player is taking a DFK from inside the goal
  area, when is the ball in play?
• A player is taking a DFK from inside his own
  penalty area, when is the ball in play?
• If a penal foul is not too bad should the referee
  award an IFK?

70
Wrap-up

• When you stop play it is a really good idea to
  know how to restart it!

... Applause
71
Lunch Break

• 30 Minutes

72
Fouls

• Module
• 7

73
Restarts - Fouls
10 min.
74
Fouls Misconduct
75
FoulsDefined

• FoulAny unfair or unsafe act committed
• By a player
• Against an opponent (or the opposing team)
• On the field of play
• While the ball is in play

• Fouls are penalized by the awarding of a free
  kick to the opposing team at the place where the
  foul occurred.

This symbol indicates special circumstances
regarding free kicks in the Goal Area as
described under Restarts.
76
Types of Fouls

• 10 Penal Fouls
• Punished with a direct free kick (DFK) or,
• Penalty kick (PK) if the foul is committed by a
  team inside its own penalty area.
• 8 Non-penal Fouls
• Punished with an indirect free kick (IFK).

77
Penal FoulsGeneral
Penal

• Some actions are penal fouls only if they are
  committed in a manner that the referee considers
  to be careless, reckless, or involving excessive
  force. (C-REF)
• Careless Did not exercise due caution
• Reckless Unnatural movement to intimidate or
  gain an unfair advantage
• Excessive Force Far exceeded necessary force
• On the other hand, the mere attempt to commit
  certain actions are penal fouls.
• Penal fouls are punished with a DFK taken from
  where the offense occurred (or a PK if the foul
  occurs inside the offending players penalty
  area).

78
The 10 Penal Fouls
Penal
6 Require C-REF---------------------------- K
icking an opponent Tripping an opponent
Striking an opponent Jumping At an
opponent Pushing an opponent Charging an opponent
4 Do Not Require C-REF-----------------------
-------------------Tackling an opponent before
the ballHolding an opponentHandling the ball
(deliberately)Spitting at an opponent
Attempt is a Foul Green are most common in
U10
Restart Direct Free Kick (DFK) or Penalty Kick
(PK)
C-REF Careless, Reckless, or Excessive Force
79
Kicking
Penal

• A player kicking or attempting to kick an
  opponent, in a C-REF manner, has committed a
  penal foul.
• The foul is considered to have occurred at the
  place where contact occurred, or would have
  occurred.
• If the kicker makes no attempt to play the ball,
  but deliberately kicks an opponent the action
  should be considered violent conduct, and the
  kicker should be sent off and shown the red card.

80
Tripping
Penal

• Tripping or attempting to trip is an offense if
  it is clearly directed at an opponent and causes
  the opponent to falter or fall.
• Referees must carefully distinguish between an
  act of tripping and the fact of being tripped.
• Tripping is not a foul.
• Tripping an opponent in a C-REF manner is a foul.
• The foul is considered to have occurred at the
  place where contact occurred, or would have
  occurred, not where the opponent lands.

81
Striking
Penal

• A player striking or attempting to strike an
  opponent in a C-REF manner, has committed a penal
  foul.
• The foul is considered to have occurred at the
  place where contact occurred, or would have
  occurred.
• Striking includes the use of any object
  (including the ball) as well as the hands, arms,
  or head.
• Striking may also be misconduct, either serious
  foul play or violent conduct.

82
Jumping At
Penal

• A player who jumps at an opponent in a C-REF
  manner, has committed a penal foul.
• The foul is considered to have occurred at the
  place where contact occurred, or would have
  occurred.
• If the jump was made in the process of playing
  the ball, then the player should not be
  penalized, unless in the opinion of the referee,
  the jump was made in a C-REF manner.

83
Pushing
Penal

• A player pushing an opponent, in a C-REF manner,
  has committed a penal foul.
• Pushing an opponent in a C-REF manner with any
  part of the body, whether playing the ball or
  not, is a penal foul.
• Fairly charging an opponent while playing the
  ball, or in playing distance of the ball and able
  to play it, is allowed. (see Charging)

84
ChargingDefined

• Charging is defined as making contact with an
  opponent in an effort to move the opponent away
  from the ball.
• A fair charge is made with the shoulder or upper
  arm as near to shoulder to the opponents
  shoulder as possible, in a staccato manner.

85
Charging
Penal

• Charging an opponent, in a C-REF manner, is a
  penal foul.
• Contact may also be made on the shoulder blade of
  the opponent but only if the opponent is fairly
  obstructing.
• Fairly charging an opponent while not in playing
  distance of the ball is penalized by an IFK.
• It is a violation of the Law to fairly charge an
  opponent who is already being fairly charged by
  another player. ( A Sandwich is considered
  holding)

86
Tackling
Penal
Tackling means using your feet to move the ball
away from the feet of an opponent. It is usually
fair play.

• Tackling an opponent, making contact with the
  opponent before touching the ball, is a penal
  foul.
• Touching the ball first does not necessarily mean
  that a foul was not committed. If the tackle is
  performed in a C-REF manner, one of the other
  penal fouls will most likely have been committed.
• A tackle which endangers the safety of an
  opponent should also be punished as serious foul
  play.

87
Holding
Penal

• Holding an opponent includes the act of
  stretching the arms out to prevent an opponent
  from moving past or around, and is a penal foul.
• A player who blatantly holds onto and pulls an
  opponents clothing should also be cautioned, and
  shown the yellow card.

88
Handling the Ball
Penal

• Handling the ball involves deliberate contact
  with the ball by a players hand, or arm.
• Deliberate contact means any one of the
  following
• The player could have avoided the touch but
  didnt.
• The players arms were not in normal playing
  position.
• The player deliberately continued an initially
  accidental contact in an attempt to gain an
  unfair advantage.
• Moving hands or arms instinctively to protect the
  body when suddenly faced with a fast approaching
  ball does not constitute deliberate contact
  unless there is subsequent action to direct the
  ball.
• The fact that a player may benefit from the ball
  contacting the hand does not make an accidental
  event a foul.

89
Spitting
Penal

• Spitting at an opponent, on the field of play,
  while the ball is in play is a penal foul.
• The foul is considered to have occurred at the
  place where contact with the opponent occurred,
  or would have occurred.
• Spitting at an opponent, or anyone else is also a
  sending-off (red card) offense.

90
Non-Penal Fouls - General
Non-penal

• Non-penal fouls are divided into two categories
• Those committed only by a goalkeeper, and
• Those committed by any player.
• The goalkeeper is considered to be in control of
  the ball by touching it with any part of his hand
  or arms.
• Possession of the ball includes the goalkeeper
  deliberately parrying the ball, but does not
  include the circumstances where, in the opinion
  of the referee, the ball rebounds accidentally
  from the goalkeeper, for example after he makes a
  save.
• Non-penal fouls are punished with an IFK taken
  from where the offense occurred.

91
The 8 Non-Penal Fouls (Summary)
Non-penal

• By a Goalkeeper
• Controls ball with hands for more than 6
  seconds.
• Handles ball directly from a teammates
  throw-in
• Handles ball deliberately kicked to him by a
  teammate.
• Handles ball a 2nd time after releasing
  control of it.

• By Another Player
• Plays in a dangerous manner.
• Impedes the progress of an opponent.
• Prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the
  ball.
• Any other offense not mentioned in the Laws
  where play is stopped to issue a caution or
  to send off a player.

Restart Indirect Free Kick (IFK) from where the
foul occurred. .
92
Goalkeeper Six Second Violation
Non-penal

• A GK controlling the ball with the hands for more
  than 6 seconds commits a non-penal foul.
• The 6 seconds does not include the time it takes
  the GK to take control of the ball or to recover
  from momentum.
• If the GK is making a reasonable effort to
  release the ball into play, the referee should
  give him the benefit of the doubt.
• Releasing the ball into play means no longer
  controlling it with the hands.

93
Goalkeeper Handles Throw-in
Non-penal

• It is a non-penal foul if the goalkeeper handles
  the ball inside his own penalty area after it has
  been thrown in by a teammate and has not touched
  another player.
• The goalkeeper may handle a ball directly thrown
  to him by an opponent.

94
GK Handles Ball Kicked by Teammate
Non-penal

• It is a non-penal foul if a goalkeeper touches
  the ball with his hands inside his own penalty
  area, after it has been deliberately kicked, by a
  teammate, to him or to a place where he can
  legally handle it.
• Deliberately kicked does not include situations
  where, in the opinion of the referee, the ball
  has been accidentally deflected, or misdirected.
• The IFK is taken from the place where the
  goalkeeper touches the ball with his hands.

95
GK 2nd Touch
Non-penal

• It is a non-penal foul if the goalkeeper touches
  the ball with his hands after he has released it
  from his hands, and it has not yet touched any
  other player.
• When a goalkeeper releases the ball into play
  from her hands she may continue to play the ball
  as long as she does not touch it with her hands
  again until it has been touched as described
  above.

96
Dangerous Play
Non-penal
Dangerous play is the non-penal foul most often
seen in youth games.

• If, in the opinion of the referee, a player acts
  in a manner that is dangerous to himself or
  anyone else, and that action causes a nearby
  opponent to cease playing the ball or to be
  otherwise disadvantaged, then that player is
  playing in a dangerous manner, and has
  committed a non-penal foul.
• If, in a game involving very young players, a
  dangerous situation occurs, the referee may stop
  play to eliminate the danger, even if an opponent
  is not nearby. In this case, the game would be
  restated with a dropped ball (DB).

97
Impeding an Opponent
Non-penal
Impeding means moving on the field so as to
obstruct, interfere with, or block the path of an
opponent.

• Impeding the progress of an opponent is a
  non-penal foul.
• This offense requires that the ball is not within
  playing distance or not capable of being played.
• Physical contact between the player and the
  opponent is normally absent.
• There are many occasions during a game when a
  player will come between an opponent and the
  ball, but in a majority of such instances, this
  is quite natural and fair.

98
Preventing GK from Releasing Ball
Non-penal

• It is a non-penal foul for a player to prevent an
  opposing goalkeeper from releasing the ball into
  play from his hands.
• A verbal warning for a first offense may be more
  fair than an IFK.

99
Other Offenses
Non-penal

• A player who charges an opponent in an otherwise
  legal manner, but away from the ball, is
  penalized with an IFK. If the charge was made in
  a C-REF manner, the penalty would be a DFK, or
  PK.
• When the goalkeeper does not have possession of
  the ball (in his hands) he may be fairly charged
  like any other player.
• However, when he has possession of the ball (in
  his hands), he may not be charged.
• Any other offense, not mentioned in Law 12, for
  which play is stopped to caution or send off a
  player, is penalized with an IFK.

100
Confirmation

• A foul is penal or non-penal based on how bad it
  is?
• At the taking of a free kick when is the ball in
  play?
• For which penal fouls is the attempt itself a
  foul?
• Is high-kicking dangerous play?
• What are the 4 most common penal fouls in younger
  players games?

101
Wrap-up

• Each game is a learning opportunity for the
  players, coaches, parents and referees.
• On-going education will increase understanding,
  build confidence and earn respect.
• Any questions?

102
Misconduct

• Module
• 8

103
Types of Misconduct

• 7 Cautionable Offenses
• Show Yellow Card
• 7 Sending-off Offenses
• Show Red Card

1. Misconduct requiring a sanction by the referee is
   rare in lower division games. Most problems can
   be handled with a verbal warning.
2. In some regions showing the cards is not allowed
   in the lower divisions. However, Cautions and
   Sendoffs are still allowed.

104
Cautionable Offenses

• 7 Cautionable Offenses
• Unsporting behavior
• Dissent by word or action
• Persistent infringement
• Delay restart
• Fail to respect distance on restart
• Enter field without permission
• Leave field without permission
• Also applies to substitutes

105
Sending-off Offences

• 7 Sending-off Offences
• Serious foul play
• Violent conduct
• Spits at an opponent or anyone else
• Denies OGSO by handling the ball
• Denies OGSO to an opponent moving toward the goal
  by committing a foul
• Offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or
  gestures
• A second caution in the same game

• 7 Cautionable Offenses
• Unsporting behavior
• Dissent by word or action
• Persistent infringement
• Delay restart
• Fail to respect distance on restart
• Enter field without permission
• Leave field without permission

106
Offside

• Module
• 9

Use of The Soccer Tutor to teach offside is
recommended.
107
Law 11 - Offside

• The Law is only 185 words long, but discussion,
  misunderstanding and controversy are never ending.

History Offside was introduced to prevent
attacking players from bunching up around the
goal. It forces them to move up and down the
field which makes the game more exciting.
Still only 350 words including the 2 recent
decisions.
108
Definition of Offside

• A player is Offside when
• He is in an Offside Position
• At the moment the ball is playedby or touches a
  teammate
• AND, he is involved in Active Play
• (All 3 conditions must be met)

• Offside Position
• Ahead of the ball
• Ahead of the 2nd last defender
• And, not in own half of the field
• (Being in an offside position is not in itself an
  offence)

• Active Play
• Interfere with play (play or be touched by the
  ball)
• Interfere with an opponent (prevent an opponent
  from playing the ball)
• Or, gain an advantage (interfere with play after
  a rebound)

109
Exceptions

• Not offside if a player receives the ball
  directly from a
• Goal Kick,
• Throw-in, or
• Corner Kick

Helpful Hint A player cannot be offside directly
from a restart if the restart is because the ball
left the field of play.
110
Making the Offside Decision

• The assistant referee must not signal simply
  because a player is in an offside position, but
  must look for active involvement.
• If an assistant referee is in any doubt as to
  whether a player is actively involved or not, the
  assistant referee is expected to refrain from
  signaling offside.
• The referee, too, must be certain that there is
  active involvement before deciding for offside.

From Advice for Referees
111
Penalty for Offside Infringement

• An IFK taken from where the infringement
  occurred.
• The infringement occurred where the player was
  when the ball was played by or touched the
  teammate.
• Not where the player was when he became involved
  in Active Play
• Not where the 2nd last defender was the ball was
  touched
• Not where the AR was when he signaled the
  infringement

112
Judging Offside Position
113
AR One yard off the line
114
Is Green in an Offside Position?


115
OffsideExamples 1 2

• Clearly Offside
• In offside position when ball was played by a
  teammate
• Interfered with play

• Clearly Offside
• In offside position when ball was played by a
  teammate
• Interfered with play

116
OffsideExamples 3 4

• Not Offside
• B was in an offside position when his teammate
  played the ball, but
• Was not involved in active play.

• Not Offside
• B was not in an offside position when his
  teammate played the ball.

117
OffsideExamples 5 6

• Offside
• B was in an offside position when teammate A
  played the ball, and gained an advantage.

• Not Offside
• B was not in an offside position when teammate A
  played the ball.

118
Confirmation

• What 3 conditions must exist for a player to be
  in an offside position?
• What 3 conditions must exist for you to correctly
  signal an offside infraction?
• What 3 actions are considered as being involved
  in active play?
• How does the AR signal offside?
• How does the referee signal offside?
• Who makes the final decision?

119
Wrap-up

• Each game is a learning opportunity for the
  players, coaches, parents and referees.
• On-going education will increase understanding,
  build confidence and earn respect.
• Any questions?

120
Referee and Assistant Referee Mechanics

• Module
• 10

121
Referee Duties

• Enforce Laws of the Game
• Ensure ball players equipment meet standards
• Act as timekeeper keep record of match
• Control match in cooperation with ARs
• Control Substitutions
• Stop, suspend or terminate match for cause
• Stop play when necessary for injury
• Restart match after it has stopped
• Apply advantage when appropriate
• Punish most serious if multiple offences
• Keep match SAFE, FAIR FUN
• Referees decisions on facts are final.

122
System of Control

• Diagonal system of control
• Center referee (CR) and two assistant referees
  (AR)
• Only FIFA, USSF and AYSO approved system of
  control

123
Referee Mechanics

• Run along a broad diagonal
• Stay close to play (10-20 yards)
• Keep ball between self and AR

• Control Play
• Use whistle to start play (only when necessary)
• Use whistle to stop play
• Use hand signals to indicate restart
• Use cards to indicate misconduct
• Use voice to provide positive instruction

• Accept advice from your AR (when appropriate)
  - must remember to check AR frequently -
• Dont be afraid to correct mistakes
• Sell your calls!!!

124
Referee Signals
125
Assistant Referee Duties

• Indicate ball in/out of play (over your touch
  line and/or your goal line)
• Offside (including involvement in active play)
• Fouls or misconduct CR cannot see
• Keep track of substitutions
• Assist CR with sideline behavior
• Assist CR in any other way requested

126
Assistant Referee Mechanics

• Runs along touch line between goal line and
  halfway line.
• Stays in-line with 2nd last defender.
• Follows ball to goal line.
• Keeps flag straight down when running.
• Stops before signaling, and then snaps flag.

• Doesnt chat with coaches and spectators.
• Keeps coaches and spectators off touch line.
• Checks substitutes and counts players on the
  field (or subs).
• Looks and acts involved and professional.

127
Assistant Referee Signals
128
Club Linesman

• Signal when the whole ball has completely crossed
  the touch line.
• Any other tasks assigned by referee.
• Remove debris
• Check nets
• Locate game ball(s)
• Collect lineup card(s)
• Referee must communicate to keep them focused.

129
Confirmation

• If a coach feels that a referee isnt calling
  obvious fouls he should appeal the result of the
  game?
• If both sides of the field are yelling foul, but
  neither the referee nor the AR saw a foul, the
  referee should call a foul?
• When should a referee blow the whistle?
• Referees should never change their decisions
  because they will lose face?

130
ConfirmationAR Signals
131
Wrap-up

• Each game is a learning opportunity for the
  players, coaches, parents and referees.
• On-going education will increase understanding,
  build confidence and earn respect.
• Any questions?

132
Post Game

• Module
• 11

133
Post-Game Duties
½ min.
134
Collect the Ball

• Referee is responsible for making sure that the
  game ball is returned to the proper person or
  place.
• The official closest to the ball should retrieve
  and return it to proper person or place or to the
  referee.

135
Supervise Post Game Ceremony

• Officials should supervise the team handshake and
  any other normal post game ceremony.
• Players may need to be encouraged to show good
  sportsmanship at this time.
• Officials must continue to act as good role
  models.

136
Complete Game Report

• Referee should complete the lineup card and any
  other required reports.
• Make sure all officials concur on the score.
• Be sure to report any safety issues and any
  sideline problems accurately and in detail.
• Deliver report to the appropriate person or place.

137
Conduct Post Game Conference

• Referee should conduct a post game conference
  with any assistants.
• This is the best time for positive feedback in
  both directions.

138
Confirmation

• Teams always take care of their game ball?
• Why bother sending in a report, nobody reads them
  anyway?

139
Wrap-up

• On-going education will increase understanding,
  build confidence and earn respect.

... Applause
140
Break

• 5 Minutes

141
Referee Support Review

• Module
• 12

142
Referee Support

• Mentoring
• Assessing
• Appearance
• Pre-game Instructions
• Fitness
• Attitude
• Courage, Character Consistency
• Accuracy of Decisions
• Control
• Continuing Education

143
Mentoring

• Friendly way to impart knowledge
• On-the-job training
• Evaluate what you hear
• Ask your support chain if you question the
  advice, dont be confrontational
• Keep an open mind
• Seek on-going training

144
Continuing Education

• Attend formal training.
• Attend referee meetings.
• Read your manuals.
• Look on the Internet.
• Ask experienced referees.
• Ask your Director of Instruction or your
  instructors, and check websites.
• www.ayso85.org
• www.ayso11L.org

145
AYSO National Referee Program

• Organization
• NBOD, Section, Area, Region
• NSTC Paid support staff (www.soccer.org)
• AYSO Referee Grades
• U-8 Official
• Assistant Referee
• Basic Referee (Regional)
• Intermediate Referee (Area)
• Advanced Referee (Section)
• National Referee (National)

146
Confirmation

• Rules are rules at any age?
• What are the 5 AYSO Philosophies?
• The referees job is to keep the game SAFE, FAIR
  and ______ ?
• The coach is my enemy so I need to show him who
  is boss?
• Once I pass this course Im a referee and thats
  all the training I need?

147
Thank You for Volunteering!
½ min.
148
Wrap-up

• Each game is a learning opportunity for the
  players, coaches, parents and referees.
• On-going education will increase understanding,
  build confidence and earn respect.
• Any questions?

149
Test Review Basic Referee

• Be sure to print your name clearly on the form.
• Test (20 min.)
• Review Test (10 min.)
• Graduation

150
Referee Positioning Field Clinic

• Module
• 13

151
Game Card
Team
Player Participation
Referee Report
Game
Score
152
Game Cards (Check-in Pre-Game)
R 85 U12G 601
Blue Frisbees Blue / White
Alex Smith Sam Jones
9 / 11 / 04 900 ETHS
153
Game Cards (Check-in Substitution)
R 85 U12G 601 Blue
Frisbees Blue / White Alex
Smith Sam Jones
2 Dolly Madison 3 Sarah Lee 4 Lois
Lane 5 Mia Hamm
X
X
C
G
A
G
-----------------------------------
154
Game Cards (Half Post-Game)
2 1 602
9 / 11 / 04 900 ETHS
3 2 601
602
X X X
X X
X
Team 601
parents very critical. Coach Alex helpful in
controlling situation when asked. Player 12 on
team 602 sent-off for violent conduct (3 rd
qtr). Deliberately kicked opponent 6 while
opponent was on the ground away from the ball.
Larry Lotito
100 601 Nick Lotito
222
506 Ali Lotito
223 602
155
Game Cards (What to do with them)

• Place in field box (U9 - up)
• Normally by one of the goals
• No box?
• Pass on to next referee team
• Last referee team?
• Leave cards in storage shed (in an envelope or
  with rubber band)
• Alternative Deliver to division referee
  coordinator or call for pickup

156
Overview of Restarts
No Interference Safe Distance No 2nd Touch