Hydrologic Information Systems

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Hydrologic Information Systems

• David Maidment, Tim Whiteaker, Dean Djokic,
  Norman Jones
• ESRI, Redlands CA
• Sept 4, 2007

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Linking GIS and Water Resources
Water Resources
GIS
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Hydrologic Information System
GIS the water environment
Water Resources the water itself
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Six Demos

• WaterOneFlow web services in Excel
• Data access system for hydrology (DASH)
• Semantic mediation using HydroSeek
• Arc Hydro for watershed data
• Exploratory space-time analysis
• Automated water balancing using OpenMI

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Six Demos

• WaterOneFlow web services in Excel
• Data access system for hydrology (DASH)
• Semantic mediation using HydroSeek
• Arc Hydro for watershed data
• Exploratory space-time analysis
• Automated water balancing using OpenMI

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Point Observations Information Model
http//www.cuahsi.org/his/webservices.html
USGS
Data Source
GetSites
Network
Streamflow gages
GetSiteInfo
Sites
Neuse River near Clayton, NC
GetVariables
GetVariableInfo
Variables
Discharge, stage (Daily or instantaneous)
GetValues
Values
Value, Time, Qualifier, Offset
206 cfs, 13 August 2006

• A data source operates an observation network
• A network is a set of observation sites
• A site is a point location where one or more
  variables are measured
• A variable is a property describing the flow or
  quality of water
• A value is an observation of a variable at a
  particular time
• A qualifier is a symbol that provides
  additional information about the value
• An offset allows specification of measurements
  at various depths in water

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WaterML and WaterOneFlow
STORET
Data
GetSiteInfo GetVariableInfo GetValues
NAM
Data
NWIS
Data
WaterML
WaterOneFlow Web Service
Data Repositories
Client
EXTRACT
TRANSFORM
LOAD
WaterML is an XML language for communicating
water data WaterOneFlow is a set of web services
based on WaterML
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WaterOneFlow

• Set of query functions

• Returns data in WaterML

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WATERS Network Information System
Utah State University
HIS Servers
National HIS Server at San Diego SuperComputer
Center
Texas AM Corpus Christi
NSF has funded work at 10 testbed sites, each
with its own science agenda. A CUAHSI Hydrologic
Information Server is installed at each site.
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Multiscale Information System

• Global data
• National data
• State data
• Project in region .
• Principal investigator data

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Corpus Christi Bay WATERS Testbed site
NCDC station
TCOON stations
TCEQ stations
Hypoxic Regions
Montagna stations
USGS gages
SERF stations
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Six Demos

• WaterOneFlow web services in Excel
• Data access system for hydrology (DASH)
• Semantic mediation using HydroSeek
• Arc Hydro for watershed data
• Exploratory space-time analysis
• Automated water balancing using OpenMI

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Hydrologic Information Server

• Supports data discovery, delivery and publication
• Data discovery how do I find the data I want?
• Map interface and observations catalogs
• Metadata based Search
• Data delivery how do I acquire the data I want?
• Use web services or retrieve from local database
• Data Publication how do I publish my
  observation data?
• Use Observations Data Model

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Observation Stations
Map for the US
Ameriflux Towers (NASA DOE)
NOAA Automated Surface Observing System
USGS National Water Information System
NOAA Climate Reference Network
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Observations Catalog
Specifies what variables are measured at each
site, over what time interval, and how many
observations of each variable are available
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Hydrologic Information Server
DASH data access system for hydrology
WaterOneFlow services
ArcGIS Server
Geospatial Data
Observations Data
Microsoft SQLServer Relational Database
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Six Demos

• WaterOneFlow web services in Excel
• Data access system for hydrology (DASH)
• Semantic mediation using HydroSeek
• Arc Hydro for watershed data
• Exploratory space-time analysis
• Automated water balancing using OpenMI

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Data Heterogeneity

• Syntactic mediation
• Heterogeneity of format
• Use WaterML to get data into the same format

• Semantic mediation
• Heterogeneity of meaning
• Each water data source uses its own vocabulary
• Match these up with a common controlled
  vocabulary
• Make standard scientific data queries and have
  these automatically translated into specific
  queries on each data source

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Objective

• Search multiple heterogeneous data sources
  simultaneously regardless of semantic or
  structural differences between them

What we are doing now ..
Michael Piasecki Drexel University
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Semantic Mediator
What we would like to do ..
GetValues
GetValues
GetValues
GetValues
generic request
GetValues
GetValues
Michael Piasecki Drexel University
GetValues
GetValues
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Six Demos

• WaterOneFlow web services in Excel
• Data access system for hydrology (DASH)
• Semantic mediation using HydroSeek
• Arc Hydro for watershed data
• Exploratory space-time analysis
• Automated water balancing using OpenMI

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GIS in Water Resources Consortium
Water Resources

• Bringing together these two communities by using
  a common geospatial data model

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Arc Hydro GIS for Water Resources
Published by ESRI Press
The Arc Hydro data model and application tools
are in the public domain
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Arc Hydro Hydrography
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Arc Hydro Hydrology
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Hydrologic Cycle Components
NetCDF in the Atmosphere
Arc Hydro for Surface Water
Arc Hydro for Groundwater
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Data Model based on Inventory of data layers
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Data Model Based on Behavior
Follow a drop of water from where it falls on
the land, to the stream, and all the way to the
ocean. R.M. Hirsch, USGS
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Integrating Data Inventory using a Behavioral
Model
Relationships between objects linked by tracing
path of water movement
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San Marcos Basin
Flow Accumulation Grid
Arc Hydro book, p.73
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Six Demos

• WaterOneFlow web services in Excel
• Data access system for hydrology (DASH)
• Semantic mediation using HydroSeek
• Arc Hydro for watershed data
• Arc Hydro tools (Dean Djokic and ESRI Water
  Resources Group)
• Using Arc Hydro to link NHDPlus, water and
  weather data
• Exploratory space-time analysis
• Automated water balancing using OpenMI

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Six Demos

• WaterOneFlow web services in Excel
• Data access system for hydrology (DASH)
• Semantic mediation using HydroSeek
• Arc Hydro for watershed data
• Arc Hydro tools (Dean Djokic and ESRI Water
  Resources Group
• Using Arc Hydro to link NHDPlus, water and
  weather data
• Exploratory space-time analysis
• Automated water balancing using OpenMI

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NHDPlus River and Catchment Network for the
Nation
2.3 million river reaches and catchments
Integration of the National Hydrography Dataset,
National Elevation Dataset and National Land
Cover Dataset just completed by EPA
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Reach/catchment
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Arc Hydro book, p. 61
NHDPlus
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Data Cube
A simple data model
Time, T
When
D
Where
Space, L
Variables, V
What
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Continuous Space-Time Model NetCDF (Unidata)
Time, T
http//www.daymet.org
Coordinate dimensions X
D
Space, L
Variable dimensions Y
Gridded climate data daily time step, 1 km
cells
Variables, V
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Discrete Space-Time Data ModelArcHydro
Time, TSDateTime
TSValue
Space, FeatureID
Variables, TSTypeID
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Arc Hydro Components
HydroID
HydroID
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Arc Hydro connects geospatial and temporal water
resources data
Streamflow
Arc Hydro
NHDPlus
Weather
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Six Demos

• WaterOneFlow web services in Excel
• Data access system for hydrology (DASH)
• Semantic mediation using HydroSeek
• Arc Hydro for watershed data
• Exploratory space-time analysis
• Automated water balancing using OpenMI

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Space-Time Datasets
CUAHSI Observations Data Model
Sensor and laboratory databases
From Robert Vertessy, CSIRO, Australia
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Hydrologic Information System
A synthesis of geospatial and temporal data
supporting hydrologic analysis and modeling
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Visualizing the output of the WRAP model (Clark
Siler)

• Water Rights Analysis Package (WRAP) is a
  simulation model used by the Texas Commission for
  Environmental Quality
• WRAP models have been built for all 23 river and
  coastal basins in Texas
• They simulate surface water withdrawals at about
  10,000 locations where water permits have been
  issued in Texas
• Uses monthly time steps and 50 year planning
  period

Reservoir levels in the Neches basin
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Information Products Desired

• A WRAP model has about 40 output variables
  defined at each water permit location and time
  point
• Plot a map showing for a given time point the
  value of a selected variable at each permit
  location
• Plot a map for a given time interval of the
  average value of a selected variable over that
  time interval
• Plot a graph showing the time variation of an
  output variable at a selected permit location

Read into the geodatabase 500,000 lines of
program output in 1 minute
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Multivariable Table
Each space-time point is unique and is
associated with a set of variables
A set of variables
Graphs
Maps
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Six Demos

• WaterOneFlow web services in Excel
• Data access system for hydrology (DASH)
• Semantic mediation using HydroSeek
• Arc Hydro for watershed data
• Exploratory space-time analysis
• Automated water balancing using OpenMI

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• Project sponsored by the European Commission to
  promote integration of water models within the
  Water Framework Directive
• Software standards for model linking
• Uses model core as an engine
• http//www.openMI.org

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OpenMI Conceptual Framework
All values are referenced in a what-where-when
framework, allowing different data resources or
models to communicate data
VALUES
An application of the data cube to integrate
simulation models
Jon Goodall, Duke University
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Typical model architecture

• Application
• User interface engine
• Engine
• Simulates a process flow in a channel
• Accepts input
• Provides output
• Model
• An engine set up to represent a particular
  location e.g. a reach of the Thames

Model application
Write
Input data
Run
Read
Engine
Write
Output data
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Linking modelled quantities
Accepts Provides
Upstream Inflow (m3/s) Outflow (m3/s)
Lateral inflow (m3/s)
Abstractions (m3/s)
Discharges (m3/s)
Accepts Provides
Rainfall (mm) Runoff (m3/s)
Temperature (Deg C)
Evaporation (mm)
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Data transfer at run time
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Models for the processes
Rainfall(database)
RR (Sobek-Rainfall -Runoff)
River (InfoWorks RS)
Sewer (Mouse)
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Data exchange
Rainfall(database)
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RR (Sobek-Rainfall -Runoff)
2 RR.GetValues
1 Trigger.GetValues
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River (InfoWorks-RS)
call
Sewer (Mouse)
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data
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Digital Watershed
How can hydrologists integrate observed and
modeled data from various sources into a single
description of the environment?
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Coupling the HIS with Hydrologic Simulation
Models using OpenMI
Water Markup Language
Observations Data Model
WaterOneFlow Web Services
WaterML
ODM
WOF
The Open Modelling Interface (OpenMI)
MODFLOW
HEC-RAS
Others
SWAT HSPF academic models ...
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OpenMI

• Component-based modeling framework
• Defines a standard for interfacing models,
  databases, and web services.

OpenMI Model Configuration
OpenMI Linkable Component
WaterOneFlow Web Services
WOF
(3)
(2)
(1)
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Water OneFlow

• We need a Water OneFlow a common window for
  water data and models
• Advancement of water science is critically
  dependent on integration of water information

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Groundwater Data Model and Tools

• Norman Jones to take over here