CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: THE ORIGIN OF LIFE

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CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION THE ORIGIN OF LIFE

• CONCEPTS
• Biology Methods to study biology and Pioneers
• Characteristics of Cells and Cell Theory
• Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
• Viruses

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Introduction

• Biology-The study of the life.
• Scientific Method (OHEC)
• Reasoning Deductive and Inductive
• Discovery of Cells
• Robert Hooke, Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
• Basic Properties of Cells
• Can grow and reproduce in culture
• Undergo biochemical processes and are regulated
• Contain genetic materials and respond to stimuli

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• Cell Theory Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow
• Two fundamental classes of Cells
• Prokaryotes-all bacteria Arose 3.5 billion
  years ago, some are photosynthetic
• Eukaryotes- protists, fungi, plants and animals
  Arose 1.5 billion years ago
• Characteristics of Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
• Complexity simple (P), complex (E)
• Genetic Material Located in Nucloid region (P),
  Nucleus (E).

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• Characteristics of Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
• Cytoplasm membrane-bound organelles and
  cytoskeletal proteins (E), neither in
  prokaryotes, 70S ribosomes (P) and 80S (E).
• Subkingdoms of Prokaryotes
• Archaebacteria
• Eubacteria mycoplasma, cyanobacteria, E.coli,
  etc.

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• Viruses Obligatory Parasites, Virion-viral
  particle outside host. Origin from host
• Genome
• Protein capsid surrounds genome
• Eukaryotic viruses have envolupes
• Infections Lytic or Lysogenic (provirus)
• HIV Lysogenic, budding, host may become
  malignant.
• Other infectious agents viroid (plants), prions
  (animals)

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• Overview of the Emergence of cells and infectious
  agents
• (Prokaryotes) Archaebacteria? Eubacteria
  ?mitochondrion and chloroplast ? Eukaryotes
  ?Viruses and other infectious agents