Electronic Warfare Counter-Measures

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Electronic WarfareCounter-Measures
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Electronic Warfare (EW)

• Element of Command Control Warfare (C2W)
• C2W includes integrated use of
• Operational Security (OPSEC)
• Military Deception
• Psychological Operations (PSYOPS)
• Physical Destruction
• Electronic Warfare (EW)

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Importance of EW

• Increased reliance on radar
• Over-the-horizon targeting
• Increased use of Communications
• Use of Tactical Data Systems (TDS)
• Increased missile weapons system
• Speed
• Distance
• Accuracy
• Necessity for high-speed detection and tracking

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Three Components of EW

• Electronic Support (ES) ESM
• Electronic Attack (EA) ECM
• Electronic Protection (EP) ECCM

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Electronic Support (ES)

• Surveillance of EM spectrum for threat
• Detection
• Recognition
• Warning
• Avoidance
• Tracking
• Targeting
• Destruction

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ES Receiver Design Requirements

• Wide spectrum surveillance
• Wide dynamic range
• Unwanted signal rejection
• Angle-of-Arrival measurement
• Signal Analysis capability
• Real-Time Display
• Recording System

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Electronic Attack (EA)

• Use of active and passive energy to attack
• Personnel
• Facilities
• Equipment

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Non-Destructive EA

• Definition EM energy used to mask or hide real
  targets by cluttering radar display
• Types
• Noise Jamming
• Spot Jamming
• Barrage Jamming
• Sweep Jamming
• Flares
• Chaff

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PW
Rcvd Signal Amp.
PRT
Ineffective Jamming
time
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Non-Destructive EA (cont.)

• Deception Create false image or change image on
  a radar display
• Repeaters Create false image by delaying
  received radar signals retransmitting at later
  time
• Transponders Create false signal by playing
  back a stored replica of the radar signal
• Chaff
• Radar Decoys
• Blip Enhancers
• Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Modification

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EA-6B Prowler!!!!!!!!!
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Destructive EA

• Anti-Radiation Missiles
• SLAM
• HARM
• Sidewinder
• Directed Energy

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SLAM ER

• Stand-off Land Attack Missile-Expanded Response

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SLAM
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HARM

• High-speed Anti-Radiation Missile

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HARM Results
Portable Serbian Radar
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AIM-9 Sidewinder
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Electronic Protection (EP)

• Protection of friendly combat capability against
  undesirable effect of friendly or enemy employed
  EW
• Types
• Passive EW
• Active EW

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Electronic Protection (EP)

• Three ways to defend from enemy EW
• Modify radar
• Make it more complex
• Make it harder to jam
• Modify the Medium
• Chaff
• Torch
• Modify the platform

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EP Radar Design

• Power
• Frequency
• PRF
• PW
• Pulse Shape
• Antenna Design
• Scan Pattern

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EP Factors

• Burnthrough Increase signal strength to
  overpower jammer noise (ECCM)
• Emission Control (EMCON)
• Alpha
• Bravo
• Charlie
• Delta
• Operator Recognition Training

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U.S. Shipboard EW Capabilities

• SLQ-32 Sidekick
• On all combatants
• Radar warning, detection and jamming
• Uses internal library to auto detect/categorize
• Infrared Flares
• On all combatants
• Chaff
• On all combatants

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U.S. Shipboard EW Capabilities

• SSQ-108 Outboard -
• On some DDG, CG, LHA, LHD
• Any ship with SSES
• Real-time OTH passive detection, localization,
  and targeting
• SLQ-39 Chaff Buoy
• On Arleigh Burke class
• Rubber Duck
• Looks like a life boat container

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U.S. Airborne EW Capabilities

• ALQ-142 - ES system on SH-60 Seahawk
• ALQ-99 - EW system on EA-6B Prowler
• ALQ-126 - EA jamming system on F-14 F/A 18
• ALQ-165 - EA jamming system on F/A-18
• ALR-47 - ES detection system on S-3 Viking
• ALR-68 - ES detection system on P-3C Orion
• ALR-73 - ES detection system on E-2 Hawkeye
• Chaff - On SH-60 Seahawk

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Questions?