HOW TO HANDLE THE DESIGN OF MISSION CRITICAL HARDWARE

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HOW TO HANDLE THE DESIGN OF MISSION CRITICAL
HARDWARE
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MARINE ELECTRONICS

• TYPES OF SENSORS IN MARINE-
• GYROSCOPES DRIFTING SENSOR
• AGI WIND EQUIPTMENT WIND SENSOR
• LOG SPEED SENSOR
• GPS LATITUDE LONGITUDE
• NAVIGATIONAL RADAR
• ECHOSOUNDER
• TYPES OF ACTUATORS
• ELECTRONIC STEERING GEAR SYSTEM
• ALL ARE CERTIFIED BY INTERNATIONAL MARINE
• ORGANIZATION.

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GYROSCOPES

• FUNCTION- TO DETECT CALCULATE
• HEADING,ROLL PITCH.
• TYPES OF GYROSCOPES-
• MECHANICAL
• RING LASER BEAM
• MICRO ELECTRO-MECHANICAL
• FIBER OPTICAL

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AGI WIND EQUIPTMENT

• FUNCTION- TO DETECT CALCULATE
• THE DIRECTION TO WIND
• WITH RESPECT TO TRUE
• NORTH SPEED IN KNOTS.
• PRINCIPLE- IT USES FORCE APPLIED BY
• WIND ON FLY WHEEL
• ACOUSTIC RESONANCE TO
• DETECT.

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LOG

• FUNCTION TO DETECT CALCULATE
• SPEED ACCELERATION OF
• SHIP.
• PRINCIPLE-IT USES PEIZOELECTRIC
• CRYSTAL TO DETECT THE
• SPEED.

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GPS

• FUNCTION- TO DETECT THE FOLLOWING
• PARAMETERS-
• LATITUDE
• LONGITUDE
• SPEED OVER GROUND
• COURSE MADE GOOD
• FUNCTION IT USES SATELLITE FEED.

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NAVIGATIONAL RADAR

• FUNCTION IT PERFORMS THE FOLLOWING
• FUNCTIONS ON BOARD
• NAVIGATION.
• COLLOSION DETECTION.
• DETECTION OF OBSTRUCTION.
• DETECTION OF ICEBERG.
• HARBOUR MANEUVERING.

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ECHO SOUNDER

• Echo sounding is the technique of using
• sound pulses to find the depth of water.
• The interval from the emission of a pulse to
• reception of its echo is recorded, and the depth
• calculated from the known speed of propagation of
• sound through water. This information is then
• Typically used for navigation purposes or in
  order
• to obtain depths for charting purposes.

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Electronic Steering Gear System

• Electronic self-steering is controlled by
• electronics operating according to one or more
• input sensors, invariably at least a magnetic
• compass and sometimes wind direction or
• GPS position versus a chosen waypoint. The
• electronics module calculates the required
• steering movement and a drive mechanism
• (usually electrical, though possibly hydraulic in
• larger systems) causes the Rudder to move
• accordingly.

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AEROSPACE ELECTRONICS

• TYPES OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPTMENT USED-
• AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL RADAR.
• INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM.
• GYROSCOPES (STRAP DOWN INS)
• RADAR ALTIMETER
• GPS
• BLACK BOX (FLIGHT DATA COCKPIT VOICE RECORDER)

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AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL RADAR

• FUNCTIONS-
• GROUND CONTROL
• AIR CONTROL (TAKE OFF LANDING)
• FLIGHT DATA DELIVERY( CONGESTION)
• APPROACH TERMINAL CONTROL
• (SAFE HAND OVER)

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INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

• An instrument landing system (ILS) is a
• ground-based instrument approach system that
• provides precision guidance to an aircraft
• approaching and landing on a runway, using a
• combination of radio signals and, in many cases,
• high-intensity lighting arrays to enable a safe
• Landing during instrument meteorological
• Conditions such as low ceilings or reduced
• visibility due to fog, rain, or blowing snow.

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TYPES OF ILS

• CATEGORY 1 (CAT1) for 200ft, min 550m
• CATEGORY 2 (CAT2) for 100ft, min 350m
• CATEGORY 3 (CAT3)
• TYPES OF CAT3-
• CAT3 A -for less than 100ft, min 200m
• CAT3 B -for less than 50 ft, min 50m
• CAT3 C -no height, zero visibility

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GYROSCOPES (STRAP DOWN INS)

• FUNCTION- TO DETECT CALCULATE
• HEADING,ROLL PITCH.
• TYPES OF GYROSCOPES-
• MECHANICAL
• RING LASER BEAM
• MICRO ELECTRO-MECHANICAL

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RADAR ALTIMETER

• A Radar altimeter measures altitude above the
• terrain presently beneath an aircraft This type
• of altimeter provides the distance between the
• plane and the ground directly below it. FMCW
• Radars which use Doppler effect are used as
• altimeters.

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GPS

• FUNCTION- TO DETECT THE FOLLOWING
• PARAMETERS-
• LATITUDE
• LONGITUDE
• SPEED OVER GROUND
• COURSE MADE GOOD
• FUNCTION IT USES SATELLITE FEED.

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BLACK BOX

• A flight data recorder (FDR) (also ADR, for
  accident data recorder) is an electronic device
  employed to record any instructions sent to any
  electronic systems on an aircraft. It is a device
  used to record specific aircraft performance
  parameters. Another kind of flight recorder is
  the cockpit voice Recorder (CVR), which records
  conversation in the cockpit, radio communications
  between the cockpit crew and others (including
  conversation with air traffic control), as well
  as ambient sounds. In this both functions have
  been combined into a single unit.

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MEDICAL ELECTRONICS

• COMPUTER AIDED TOMOGRAPHY
• MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
• ULTRASOUND
• ELECTRO CARDIOGRAM
• DIGITAL X-RAY

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COMPUTER AIDED TOMOGRAPHY

• Computed aided tomography (CAT), is a
• medical imaging technique employing
• tomography created by computer processing.
• Digital Geometry Processing is used to
• generate a three dimensional image of the
• inside of an object from a large series of two-
• dimensional X-ray images taken around a
• single axis of rotation.

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MAGNETIC RESONACE IMAGING

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical
  imaging technique used in radiology to visualize
  detailed internal structures. An MRI machine uses
  a powerful magnetic field to align the
  magnetization of some atomic nuclei in the body,
  and radio frequency fields to systematically
  alter the alignment of this magnetization

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ULTRASOUND

• ULTRASOUND is an ultrasound-based diagnostic
  medical imaging technique used to visualize
  muscles, tendons, and many internal organs, to
  capture their size, structure and any
  pathological lesions with real time tomography
  images. It uses cyclic sound pressure with a
  frequency greater than the upper limit of human
  hearing.

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ELECTRO CARDIOGRAM

• ECG is interpretation of the electrical activity
  of
• the heart over a period of Time, as detected by
• electrodes attached to the outer surface of the
• skin and recorded by a device external to the
• body.

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DIGITAL X-RAY

• Digital X-RAY is a form of X-ray imaging,where
  digital
• X-ray sensors are used instead of traditional
• photographic film. A high-density line-scan solid
  state
• detector is composed of a photo stimulable barium
• fluoro bromide doped with europium (BaFBrEu) or
• caesium Bromide (CsBr) phosphor. The phosphor
• detector records the X-ray energy during exposure
  and
• is scanned by a laser diode to excite the stored
  energy
• which is released and read out by a digital image
• capture array of a CCD.

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DEFENCE ELECTRONICS

• RADARS
• MISSILES
• ELECTRONIC WARFARE SYSTEM
• ECM JAMMERS
• ECCM JAMMERS

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RADARS

• Radar is an object-detection system which
• uses radio waves to determine the range,
• altitude, direction, or speed of objects.
• The radar dish or antenna transmits pulses of
• radio waves or microwaves which return back
• Echo signal for any object in their path.

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TYPES OF RADARS

• Detection and search radars (Surveillance)
• Targeting radars (WEAPON GUIDANCE)
• Triggers (Radars inside Missiles)
• Weather-sensing radar systems
• Navigational radars
• Mapping radars
• Road radar
• Radars for biological research

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MISSILES

• A missile is a self-propelled guided weapon
• system. Missiles have five system
• components- Detection guidance
• radar, motion sensor ,flight control system,
• engine and warhead.

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TYPES OF MISSILES

• Conventional guided missiles
• Cruise missile
• Ballistic missile

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ELECTRONIC WARFARE SYSTEM

• Electronic warfare system refers to system
• involving the use of the electromagnetic
• spectrum or directed radio energy to control the
• spectrum, attack an enemy, or impede enemy
• assaults via the spectrum. It includes
• three major subdivisions Electronic Attack,
• Electronic Protection and Electronic Warfare
• Support.

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ECM JAMMERS

• An electronic countermeasure (ECM)
• Jammer is an electrical or electronic device
• designed to trick or deceive radar, sonar or
• other detection systems, like infrared (IR) or
• lasers. It may be used both offensively and
• defensively to deny targeting information to an
• enemy.

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ECCM JAMMER

• Electronic counter-countermeasures
• JAMMER (ECCM) is a part of electronic
• warfare which includes a variety of practices
• which attempt to reduce or eliminate the effect
• of electronic countermeasures (ECM) on
• electronic sensors aboard vehicles, ships and
• aircraft and weapons such as missiles.