INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

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• INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

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Anatomy and Physiology Defined

• Anatomy cutting up
• Physiology relationship to nature
• Form follows function
• Opposable thumb
• Design of the pelvis
• Shoulder joint
• Shape of mouth/ saliva

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What functions does the hand have? What functions
does the heart have? What functions does the
mouth have?
How are these functions related to the structure/
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Levels of organization

• Subatomic particles
• Atoms
• Elements
• Molecules
• Macromolecules
• Organelles
• Cells
• Tissue
• Organs
• Organ systems
• Organisms

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Figure 01.03
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Characteristics of Life

• What are universal characteristics of living
  things?

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Major Requirements

• Life depends on five environmental factors
• water
• food
• oxygen
• heat
• pressure
• In what ways does the human body require pressure
  to maintain life?

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Homeostasis

• Receptors
• Control Center
• Brain or spinal cord
• Set Points
• Examples
• Normal Ranges

• Effectors
• Muscles and Glands

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Homeostasis in action
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Feedback loops

• Positive Feedback Loop
• Uncommon in the body
• Open wound, bleeding
• Inflammatory response
• Childbirth contractions

• Negative Feedback Loop
• Common in body
• Why do you suppose this is true?

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Body Cavities

• Cranial
• Thoracic
• Abdominopelvic

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Thoracic Abdominal Membranes
Visceral layer covers an organ Parietal layer
lines a cavity or body wall

• Thoracic Membranes
• Visceral pleura
• Parietal pleura
• Visceral pericardium
• Parietal pericardium

• Abdominopelvic Membranes
• Parietal peritoneum
• Visceral peritoneum

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Body is wrapped in membranes
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Body is wrapped in membranes
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Body Systems

• Integumentary
• Skeletal
• Muscular
• Nervous
• Endocrine
• Cardiovascular

• Lymphatic
• Digestive
• Respiratory
• Urinary
• Reproductive

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Integumentary

• Functions
• Major Components

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Skeletal system and Muscular system

• Function
• Major Components

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Nervous and Endocrine Systems

• Function
• Major Components

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Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

• Function
• Major Components

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Digestive, Respiratory, and Urinary Systems

• Function
• Major Components

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Reproductive System

• Function
• Major Components

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Aging

• Decreased production of collagen and elastin
• Stiffening of the skin
• Diminished levels of subcutaneous fat
• Wrinkling
• Aging
• Atrophy occurs and tissues and organs shrink

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Anatomical Terminology

• Superior
• Inferior
• Anterior
• Posterior
• Medial
• Lateral
• Ipsilateral
• Contralateral

• Proximal
• Distal
• Superficial
• Peripheral
• Deep

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Body PLanes

• Sagittal
• Midline
• Parasagittal
• Transverse
• Coronal

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Figure 01.23a
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Figure 01.24b
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Medical and Applied Sciences

• Cardiology
• Dermatology
• Endocrinology
• Epidemiology
• Gastroenterology
• Geriatrics
• Gynecology
• Hematology

• Histology
• Immunology
• Nephrology
• Neurology
• Obstetrics
• Oncology
• Ophthamology
• Orthopedics

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Medical and Applied Sciences Cont

• Otolaryngology
• Pathology
• Pediatrics
• Pharmacology
• Podiatry
• Psychiatry
• Radiology
• Toxicology
• Urology