Introduction to Anatomy

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Introduction to Anatomy Physiology
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Standard IHS 7

• Introduction to Life Changes The Process of
  Change
• HS-IHS-7 The student will compare and contrast
  the life changes from
• conception throughout the lifespan as it relates
  to all growth and developmental needs.
• Investigate the interdependence of the various
  body systems to each other and to the body as a
  whole.
• Explain the role of homeostasis and its
  mechanisms as these relate to the body as a whole
  and predict the consequences of the failure to
  maintain homeostasis.
• Describe how structure and function are related
  in terms of cell and tissue types.
• Describe the stages of growth and development
  from conception throughout the lifespan including
  correlations to Maslows Hierarchy of Needs.
• Examine various conditions that change normal
  body functions i.e. tissue rejection,
  allergies, injury, diseases and disorders - and
  how the body responds.
• Describe effects of aging on all body systems.

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OBJECTIVE

• INVESTIGATE THE INTERDEPENDENCE OF BODY SYSTEMS
  TO EACH OTHER TO THE BODY AS A WHOLE

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How Well

• Mastery on all assessments,
• Completion of all Labs
• Completion of worksheet packets for all units

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ANATOMY

• THE STUDY OF THE FORM STRUCTURE OF THE
  HUMAN BODY
• Where is the heart?
• How large is the liver?
• How many muscles do you have?

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PHYSIOLOGY

• Study of how a living organism works.
• How does the heart know when to beat?
• What makes a muscle stretch?
• How does the liver store CHO?

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PROTOPLASM

• Basic substance of all LIFE
• ordinary elements such as
• C
• O2
• H
• S
• N
• P

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CELLS

• Protoplasm comes together to form cells
• CELLS are the basic unit of structure function
  of all living things.
• Microscopic
• Carry on all functions of life

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• Require O2
• Produce heat energy
• Move adapt to environment
• Eliminate waste products
• Perform special functions

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CELL PARTS

• Cell membrane- outer protective covering Allows
  substances to enter leave cell
• Cytoplasm semi- fluid substance inside of cell.
  Contains water, fats, proteins, CHO, minerals,
  salts.

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• ORGANELLS- Structures inside the cell
• Nucleus- The brain, main controls
• Nucleolus- RNA production inside the nucleus
• Chromatin- Inside the nucleus, makes DNA
  chromosomes
• Mitochondria- rod shaped, powerhouse of the cell,
  makes energy
• Golgi Apparatus- Produces, stores packages
  secretions for discharge form the cell. Garbage
  Compactor of the cell

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• Endoplasmic Recticulum- tubular structures that
  allows for transportation of materials into out
  of the cell. Train of the cell
• smooth- makes cholesterol, detox
• from drugs
• Rough- builds proteins
• Lysosomes- oval bodies that digest destroy old
  cells. Pac Man of the cell
• Pinocytic Vesicles- folds in cell membrane. The
  folds capture hold protein fats, then form
  bubbles to help then enter the cell

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Reproduction

• Cells need to reproduce to keep organism
  alive
• Skin, blood forming cells, intestinal tract
  cells reproduce continuously
• Muscle cells reproduce every few years, but most
  can be enlarged by exercising
• Special cells such as nerve cells in the brain
  spinal cord do not reproduce after birth, if
  they are damaged they cannot be repaired or
  replaced

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MITOSIS VS MEIOSIS

• Mitosis is the process of cell division of a
  normal cell. Has 46 chromosomes
• Meiosis is the cell division of a sex cell (sperm
  ovum) which halves the number of chromosomes.
  Each sex cell has 23 chromosomes.

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Tissues

• Cells of the same type that are joined together
  for a common purpose

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4 TYPES OF TISSUE

• EPITHELIAL
• CONNECTIVE
• NERVE
• MUSCLE

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EPITHELIAL

• COVERS THE BODY , MAIN TISSUE OF THE SKIN
• FORMS LINING OF THE INTESTINAL, RESPIRATORY,
  CIRCULATORY URINARY TRACT
• FORMS GLANDS OF THE BODY

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CONNECTIVE

• SUPPORTIVE FABRIC OF THE BODY
• 3 TYPES
• SOFT- Adipose or fat (insulates body)
• Tendons, ligaments
• HARD- Cartilage bone
• LIQUID- Blood

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NERVE

• Made of neurons
• Carries nerve messages from brain throughout the
  body

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MUSCLE

• Produces power movement of the body
• 3 Types
• Skeletal- attaches to bone to move body
• Cardiac- cause heart to beat
• Smooth present in the walls of blood vessels,
  walls of respiratory, urinary digestive tracks

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Organs

• TISSUES JOINED TOGETHER TO PERFORM A COMMON
  FUNCTION
• Heart, lungs, stomach, brain, skin, pancreas,
  uterus etc

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SYSTEM

• Organs joined together for a common purpose
• Digestive System
• Respiratory System
• Urinary System
• Reproductive System

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Organism

• Systems joined together for a common good
• THE HUMAN ORGANISM