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??????????? ??IPA, Phonics
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?????? ?????? ??Jolly Phonics,
ABC Pathway
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• ??sound recognition,??blending
• e.g. /a/ , /m/, /p/
• /m/ /ap/, /ma/ /p/, /m//a//p/

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• ??????a-z,??????
• e.g. a-z ???short vowel a,e,i,o,u,???
• single Consonants b, d, f, g, m...
• ??????ea, ee, ai, oi, igh, oa

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What is Phonics?
A way of teaching reading and spelling that
stresses symbol-sound relationship
It is the understanding that there is a
predictable relationship between the letters
(graphemes) of written language and the
individual sounds (phonemes) of spoken language
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Phoneme to Grapheme Relationships
One-to-many relations
bird
/?/
nurse
pain
/??/
day
Many-to-one relations
/i/
tea, bear
/e/
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Purposes of Phonics Instruction

• Establishes grapheme-phoneme relationships and
  the use of graphophonics cues in reading. This is
  termed the alphabetic principle.
• Develops word recognition based on their visual
  and orthographic features. This process is called
  decoding.
• Aids in building reading fluency and
  automaticity.

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English Phonics

• Consonants b, d, f, g, h, j, k, ck, l, m...
• Vowels a, e, i, o, u, ea, oa, igh, ie, oo
• Consonant blends and digraphs dr, st, pl
• Long vowels ea, oa, igh, ie, ite, ate, ube
• short vowels a, e, i, o, u
• R-controlled vowels ir, ar, or, er, ur
• Vowel digraphs ee, oe, ai, ay
• Diphthongs ou, oi, oy

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English Syllable Patterns

• Closed Short vowel ending with consonant
• e.g. bat, tip, pot, bus, beg...
• Open Long vowel, no consonant ending
• e.g. go, we, he, no...
• Vowel Digraph vowel spelled with 2 letters
• e.g. ea, ee, ai, ay, ie, oa, ui, ue
• C-le at the ends of words
• e.g. cycle, apple, able...

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English Syllable Patterns

• R-controlled vowel
• e.g. ar, er, ir, ur, or (al, au, aw)
• Vowel-consonant-e long vowel pattern
• VCe magic e / silent e
• e.g. ate, ame, ite, ote, ube, use, epe

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Step-by step Sequential Skills Development in
Phonics
1. Sound Recognition 2. Blending skills
Development 3. Phonemic manipulation skills
e.g. addition, deletion, segmentation 4. Basic
Syllable Rules e.g. word chunking skill 5.
Acquisition of Phonics Rules
6. Apply in Context e.g.Spelling and Reading
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Sound recognition
http//www.genkienglish.net/phonics.htm
http//www.tampareads.com/phonics/phonicsindex.htm

http//www.starfall.com/
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/a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /u/./a/, /e/, /i/, /o/,
/u/. /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /u/,are short vowels
that we use!A vowel is in every word,every
word, every word.A vowel is in every word that
we read or write./ai/, /ee/, /ie/, /oa/,
/ue/./ai/, /ee/, /ie/, /oa/, /ue/./ai/, /ee/,
/ie/, /oa/, /ue/,are long vowels that we use!
ai ay a-e
ee ea
ie i-e igh y
oa o-e ow
ue u-e ew
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Phonics Sequence
1.    Single consonants
b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, ck, l, m, n, p, r, s, t,
v, w, x, y, z, qu
2.    Short vowels
-ab          -ib          -ob         
-ed          -ub    -ad          -id         
-od          -eg          -ug    -ag         
-ig          -og          -en          -um   
-am         -in          -op         
-et          -un    -an          -ip          
-ot    -ap          -it    -at
Then generate three-letter words for example,
-ab  cab, dab, gab, jab, lab, nab, tab.
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Phonics Sequence
3.    Beginning blends
l blends           r blends         s
blends             3-letter blends
bl-                br-             
sc-            scr-
cl-                cr-              sk-           
          spl- fl-                dr-      
       sm-                     spr-
gl-                fr-             
sn-                     squ-
pl-                gr-              sp-           
          str- sl-                pr-      
        st-                        tr-           
  sw-
Use the beginning blends below with the list of
word families above to generate four-and
five-letter words for example, -ap  clap,
flap, slap, snap, trap, scrap, strap
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Phonics Sequence
4.    End blends
Mix beginning consonants and beginning blends
with the end-blend word families below to
generate four- and five-letter words for
example, -and  band, hand, land, sand, bland,
gland, brand, grand, strand.
L blends             N blends            T
blends            Others    -all                
-and                -ant               -ass   
-alm                 -ang                -art    
           -amp    -ill                  -ank 
              -ast                -iss   
-old                 -ing                -ift  
             -oss    -oll                  -ink
                -irt                -omp   
-ell                   -int                  -ist 
               -ess    -elp                 -on
d                -ort               -ump   
-ull                   -ong                 -ost
                          -end                -e
ft                           -end                
-elt                          
-ung                -est                       
    -unk                -ust
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Phonics Sequence
5.    Beginning and end digraphs
Mix beginning consonants, beginning blends, and
beginning digraphs with the word families below
to generate four- to six-letter words for
example, -ash  bash, cash, dash, gash, hash,
lash, mash, rash, clash, slash, brash, crash,
trash, smash, stash, splash.  (Note that when ch
follows a short vowel, a t or r is added before
it.)
-ash          -ish           -osh           
-esh            -ush    -ath         
-ith           -otch           -etch          
-utch    -atch         -itch         
-oth            -erch           -urch   
-arch         -irth          -orch
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Phonics Sequence
6.    Long vowels with silent e
Mix beginning consonants, beginning blends, and
beginning digraphs with the word families below
to generate four- to six-letter words for
example,-ade  fade, jade, made, wade, blade,
glade, grade, spade, shade
-ace              -ice              -ode
     -ade              -ide              -oke
     -age              -ife               -ole
     -ake              -ile               -one
     -ale               -ine              -ope
     -ame             -ite               -ote
     -ape              -ive      -ate
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Phonics Sequence
7.    Long vowels in two-vowel combinations
Mix beginning consonants, beginning blends, and
beginning digraphs with the word families below
to generate four-to six-letter words for
example, -eek  leek, meek, peek, reek, seek,
week, sleek, creek, cheek
long a          long e              long
e              long o    -aid         
-each              -eed               -oach   
-ail           -ead              
-eek               -oad    -ain         
-eak                -eel               -oam   
-ait          -eam               
-eem              -oan    -ay         
-ean                 -eep               -oat   
-eat               -eet
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Phonics Sequence
8.    Miscellaneous vowel combinations
Mix beginning consonants, beginning blends, and
beginning digraphs with the word families below
to generate four-to six-letter words for
example, -ook  book, cook, hook, look, nook,
took, brook, crook, shook
-oil                 -ook               -ound
   -oin               -oom               -our
   -oint               -oon               -ouse
   -oist               -oop               -out
   -oot
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Phonics Sequence
9.    Vowels controlled by r, l, and w
Mix beginning consonants, beginning blends, and
beginning digraphs with the word families below
to generate four- and five-letter words for
example, -ark  bark, dark, hark, lark, mark,
park, spark, shark.
-ar               -ird             -ald        
      -aw    -ard             -irt             
-alk              -awn    -arm           
-or              -eld              -ew   
-arn            -ord            
-elt               -ow    -art             -ork  
           -ild              -own   
-er              -orn             -old   
-ern            -ir               -ur
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Scheme of P.1 Phonics
Short Vowels short a, short e, short i, short o, short u Total 47 Lessons per school year
Consonants b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, ck, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z, qu Total 47 Lessons per school year
Word Families at, am, ap, an, ank, ad, amp, ack, and, ang, in, it, ip, ig, id, ib, im, ick, ink, ill, ing, int, ot, og, op, ock, od, ob, ox, ost, ong, et, en, ent, ed, eg, est, end, elt, ell, um, ump, ut, ud, ug, ub, ust, uck, ung, up Total 47 Lessons per school year
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Scheme of P.2 Phonics
Blends S-Blends, R-Blends, L-blends sp, st, sl, sm, fl, bl, cl, tr, gr, cr, etc Total 30 Lessons per school year
Long Vowels Long a, Long e, Long i, Long o, Long u Total 30 Lessons per school year
R-Controlled Vowels or, ur, ir, er Total 30 Lessons per school year
Vowel Digraphs ai, ay, ea, oa, ie, ue, ee, oe Total 30 Lessons per school year
Consonant Digraphs sh, ch, th, Total 30 Lessons per school year
Diphthongs oi, oy, ou, ow, al, au, aw, oo, ew, Total 30 Lessons per school year
others igh,y, Total 30 Lessons per school year
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Five Basic types of phonological awareness tasks
The ability to hear rhymes and alliteration The
ability to do oddity tasks The ability to orally
blend words The ability to orally segment words
The ability to do phonemic manipulation tasks
(Reference Explicit Systematic Phonics)
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The ability to hear rhymes and alliteration

• rhyme
• Example I once saw a cat, sitting next to
  
• a dog. I once saw a bat,
  sitting
• next to a frog.
• b. alliteration
• Example Six snakes sell sodas and snacks.
• c. assonance
• Example The leaf, the bean, the peach-all
• were within reach.

(Reference Explicit Systematic Phonics)
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The ability to do oddity tasks

• rhyme
• Example Which word does not rhyme
• cat, sat, pig?
• b. beginning consonants
• Example Which two words begin with the
• same sound man, sat, sick?
• c. ending consonants
• Example Which two words end with the
• same sound man, sat, ten?

(Reference Explicit Systematic Phonics)
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The ability to do oddity tasks
d. medial sounds (long vowels) Example
Which word does not have the
same middle sound take,
late, feet e. medial sounds (short vowels)
Example Which two words have the
same middle sound top, cat, pan? f.
medial consonants Example Which two words
have the same middle
sound kitten, missing,
lesson?
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The ability to orally blend words
a. syllables Example Listen to these word
parts. Say the word as a
whole. table ---
Whats the word? b. onset / rime
Example Listen to these word parts. Say
the word as a whole. /p/an ---
Whats the word? c. phoneme by
phoneme Example Listen to these word parts.
Say the word as a whole.
/s//a//t/ --- Whats the word?
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The ability to orally segment words
a. syllables Example Listen to this word.
table, Say it syllables by
syllables. (table) b. onset / rime Example
Listen to this word. pan, Say
the first sound in the word
(the onset) and then the rest of
the word (the rime).( /p/an) c. phoneme by
phoneme (counting sounds) Example Listen to
the word. Say the word sound
by sound. (/s//a//t/) How
many sounds do you hear?
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The ability to do phonemic manipulation tasks
a. Initial sound substitution Example
replace the first sound in mat
with /s/. (sat) b. final sound
substitution Example replace the last sound
in mat with /p/. (map)
c. vowel substitution Example replace the
middle sound in map with
/o/. (mop) d. syllable deletion Example Say
baker without the ba. (ker)
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The ability to do phonemic manipulation tasks
e. Initial sound deletion Example Say sun
without the /s/. (un) f. final sound deletion
Example Say hit without the /t/. (hi) g. Initial
phoneme in a blend deletion Example Say step
without the /s/. (tep) h. final phoneme in a
blend deletion Example Say best without the
/t/. (bes) i. second phoneme in a blend
deletion Example Say frog without the /r/.
(fog)
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Phonics Rules
1. Sometimes the rules don't work. 2. Every
syllable in every word must have a vowel. 3. "C"
followed by "e, i or y" usually has the soft
sound of "s". Examples "cyst", "central",
and "city". 4. "G" followed by "e, i or y"
usually has the soft sound of "j". Example
"gem", "gym", and "gist". 5. When 2 consonants
a joined together and form one new sound,
they are a consonant digraph. They count as one
sound and one letter and are never
separated. Examples "ch,sh,th,ph and wh".
6. When a syllable ends in a consonant and has
only one vowel, that vowel is short.
Examples "fat, bed, fish, spot, luck".
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Phonics Rules
7. When a syllable ends in a silent "e", the
silent "e" is a signal that the vowel in
front of it is long. Examples "make, gene,
kite, rope, and use". 8. When a syllable has 2
vowels together, the first vowel is usually
long and the second is silent. Examples "pain,
eat, boat, res/cue, say, grow". NOTE
Diphthongs don't follow this rule In a
diphthong, the vowels blend together to
create a single new sound. The diphthongs
are "oi,oy,ou,ow,au,aw, oo" and many others.
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Phonics Rules
9. When a syllable ends in any vowel and is the
only vowel, that vowel is usually long.
Examples "pa/per, me, I, o/pen, u/nit, and
my". 10. When a vowel is followed by an "r" in
the same syllable, that vowel is
"r-controlled". It is not long nor short.
"R-controlled "er,ir,and ur" often sound the same
(like "er"). Examples "term, sir, fir,
fur, far, for, su/gar, or/der".
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a e i o u y r w l Magic e
a ai au ay ar aw al a-e
e ea great long a head E ee ei veil long a their E eo Leo io leopard E eu ey hey long a Valley short i er ew screw Long u sew long o
i ie field long e friend E igh y ir i-e
o oa oe oi oo food long u book U ou soup long u touch short u oy or ow town aU o-e
u ue ui build short i ur u-e
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The principles of giving phonemic awareness
instruction
Systematic Explicit Phonics Step-by step
Sequential Teaching Guide Fun and Easy-to-Learn
Phonics Multi-sensory teaching approach in
Phonics Parental involvement and support
(Reference http//www.teachphonics.com)
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Step-by step Sequential Teaching
multi-sensory teaching approach e.g. songs,
rhymes, poems, actions, big books, miming
or tactile games, etc.
rhyming
distinguish individual sounds (listening)
letter sounds revision (action)
spelling/dictation onset and rime, medial sounds,
whole word (within 3-5 letters)
systematic and explicit approach
identifying sounds in words e.g. f-i-sh
final blending e.g. /s/ /a/ /t/
/sa/ /t/ /s/ /at/
interactive games, word charts, etc.
Say it as it sounds
successive blending e.g. ssssaaaat
Look, Cover, Write and Check
word bank
paired reading
word wall, word-family posters, blending lines,
etc.
writing tasks e.g. silly sentence, guided poem or
rhyme writing, etc.
blending games
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Practise Phonics Quiz

• Spelling Games
  e.g. sound
  matching, rhyming game, trace a beginning /
  ending consonant, discrimination of vowels,
  choose the right word, word unscramble, spelling
  a word, etc.
• (http//www.dyslexia.org/spelling_rules.sht
  ml )
• 2. Nonsense word checking
• (Ruth Miskins Nonsense Word Test )
• (http//www.readinga-z.com/phonics/ )
• 3. Sight word recognition
• (Phonics-Web\Spelling and sight recognition
  in the National Literacy Strategy.htm)
• Reading Competency Test
• (http//www.nrrf.org/readtest.html )

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• letter sound songs
• http//www.pbs.org/parents/lions/site/map.html
• phonics worksheets/ flash cards
• http//www.schoolexpress.com/fws/cat.php?id225
  4
• http//www.nelsonthornes.com/yearbyyear/phonics
  /indexa.htm
• http//www.beenleigss.eq.edu.au/requested_sites
  /sounds/CVC
• http//www.tampareads.com/phonics/phonicsindex.
  htm
• http//www.readingtarget.com/
• http//www.edhelper.com/phonics/Phonics.htm
• http//www.kizclub.com/consonant.htm
• flip books, phonics wheels, phonics dices,
  scrapbooks, e-books online
• http//www.kizclub.com/phonicsactivities.htm
• http//www.kizclub.com/flashcards.htm
• http//www.bbc.co.uk/schools/wordsandpictures/cl
  usters/print/index.shtml
• http//www.bbc.co.uk/schools/wordsandpictures/lo
  ngvow/print/print.shtml
• http//www.kizclub.com/reading1.htm

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• big decodable books
• http//www.readinga-z.com/book.php?id1112
• http//www.starfall.com/n/level-a/learn-to-read
  /play.htm?f
• http//www.early-reading.com/home/index.cfm
• wall posters /audio posters
• http//www.adrianbruce.com/reading/posters/
• online phonics games
• http//www.starfall.com/n/level-a/learn-to-read
  /play.htm?f
• http//www.bbc.co.uk/schools/wordsandpictures/c
  vc/index.shtml
• http//www.nelsonthornes.com/yearbyyear/phonics
  /games.htm
• http//www.kiddonet.com/gb/flash/phonics/Intro.
  html
• http//www.beenleigss.eq.edu.au/requested_sites
  /sounds/CVC
• http//www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/i
  nteractives/construct/index.html
• http//www.hkedcity.net/article/phonics2003/gam
  es/
• http//www.yourchildlearns.com/short-vowels.htm
  
• http//pbskids.org/lions/
• http//www.pbs.org/parents/lions/site/map.html

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????
?? ???? http//www.kwmwps.edu.hk/My20Webs/phonics
/p1phonics.htm ?????? http//www.kwmwps.edu.hk/My
20Webs/phonics/p2phonics.htm ??????? http//www.
kwmwps.edu.hk/My20Webs/phonics/Phonics_login.htm

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