NEW INDUSTRIES, NEW INVENTIONS

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NEW INDUSTRIES, NEW INVENTIONS

• Copy words in RED onto the blanks in your notes.

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More events in the Industrial Revolution

• 1837 - Samuel Morse invents the magnetic
  telegraph
• 1851 - The Bessemer steel-making process is
  developed
• 1857 - A New York department store installs the
  first safety elevator
• 1859 - The first oil well is drilled
• 1868 - Christopher Sholes invents the first
  practical typewriter

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• 1869 - The first transcontinental railway is
  completed in the United States
• 1879 - Thomas Edison perfects an incandescent
  light bulb
• 1885 - Karl Benz builds one of the first
  gasoline-powered automobiles
• 1885 - The first skyscraper is built in Chicago
• 1903 - The Wright Brothers make the first
  successful airplane
• 1908 - The first Model T Ford is built.

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What is Industrialization?

• Industrialization the process of using
  power-driven machinery to manufacture goods.
• Industrial Revolution period of time during the
  1700s 1800s where we changed from human power
  to machine power -- not a sudden change, but a
  BIG change!

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U.S. Birthday

• 1876 - United States celebrated its Centennial
  (100-year anniversary)
• Birthday party was the Centennial Exposition in
  Philadelphia
• Millions of people came to see new American
  advancements in art, science, technology.

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Why did industry grow?
Railroads Made it possible to exchange materials goods across the country
Inventions New ideas made the U.S. an industrial giant. More patents (guarantees an inventor all profits for his or her invention for a certain length of time) were issued. 1860 - 1900 650,000 patents issued.
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Growing Industry cont.
Natural Resources A LOT of mineral wealth, including coal, iron ore, and oil. Forests, water resources, and fertile land also important.
Human Talent 1860 - 1900 U.S. population doubled (31 million to 76 million) (14 million immigrants)
Capital (profit) Banks wealthy people lended their money to businesses for factories, buildings, and railroads.
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Steel Industry

• Steel iron alloy (mixture of iron and other
  metals)
• Long been used for knives, swords, or guns but
  was very expensive to make
• 1860s Bessemer process make iron into steel at
  a low cost (used a converter to blow hot air
  through molten pig iron)

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Sir Henry Bessemer
The Bessemer Process
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Steel Industry cont.

• Nations steel output increased 10 times between
  1877 and 1892
• Greatest demand for steel railroads
• 1882 90 of all steel made went into making
  railroad rails
• Coal needed fuel
• Coal iron mining/steel making

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Electricity

• 1800s learned how to make electricity with an
  electrical generator
• 1890s Nikola Tesla (Croatia immigrant) used
  generators to harness the power of Niagra Falls
  to create electricity

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Thomas Edison

• Wanted to invent useful things
• 1876 set up workshop in Menlo Park, New Jersey
  to find new ways to use electricity
• 1879 improved the lightbulb
• By 1882 some New York City buildings were using
  electric light

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Thomas Edison
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• Electric lighting replaced gas lights quickly
• 1899 Edisons factory produced 25 million light
  bulbs
• Also developed the dictating machine,
  motion-picture camera, and phonograph (music
  player)

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Communication Electricity

• 1840s telegraph stations increased in Europe
  the United States
• 1866 telegraph cable was laid under the
  Atlantic Ocean (crazy!!!)
• Alexander Graham Bell, Scottish immigrant,
  created a device to send sound and not just
  electrical signals

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Bell the Telephone

• Bell showed off his telephone at the 1876
  Centennial Exposition
• 1877 telephone lines connected Boston Salem
  in Massachusetts
• By 1890s many American cities connected by
  long-distance telephone lines

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Bell demonstrating the telephone in 1892
Model of Bells First Telephone
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Changes in Everyday Life

• Companies began mass-producing items people had
  once made for themselves
• 1878 Procter Gamble accidentally made a bath
  soap that floated Ivory Soap
• Ready-made clothing could be bought in new
  Department stores (womens clothes were mass
  produced -- everyone could now wear the latest
  fashions!)

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• R.H. Macy founded in New York City
• Marshall Field founded in Chicago
• Department Stores offered customers a wide
  variety of brands
• Chain stores were created made low-cost goods
  available in small towns.
• People living far from stores could also order
  from catalogs --- Sears, Roebuck, or Montgomery
  Ward (yay shopping!!!!)