The English Renaissance

1
The English Renaissance

• 1485-1625

2
The Tudor Dynasty

• Began with the end of the War of
• the Roses and Henry VII
• Moved from religious focus to a
• focus on humanity (man)
• The invention of moveable type changed literature
• The language moved from Middle English to Modern
  English because it became the central language
  and was used in literature and the arts.

3
The Tudor Dynasty

• Began with the end of the War of
• the Roses and Henry VII
• Moved from religious focus to a
• focus on humanity (man)
• The invention of moveable type changed literature
• The language moved from Middle English to Modern
  English because it became the central language
  and was used in literature and the arts.

4
The English Renaissance

• Represents a flowering of the arts a rebirth of
  the influence of the classics of Greek and Roman
  culture.
• The time period was characterized by a thirst for
  knowledge and education.
• Exploration and colonization developed (Englands
  discovery of Newfoundland led to their later
  claims to North America).

5
The English Renaissance

• Represents a flowering of the arts a rebirth of
  the influence of the classics of Greek and Roman
  culture.
• The time period was characterized by a thirst for
  knowledge and education.
• Exploration and colonization developed (Englands
  discovery of Newfoundland led to their later
  claims to North America).

6
Nationalism

• Led to a questioning of
  the authority of the
  Catholic Church.
• 1517 Martin Luther
  tacked his 95 theses on the church door and broke
  from the Catholic Church.
• A Protestant reformation began to sweep across
  Europe with people protesting against the power
  of the Church and asking for reforms.
• Brought conflict between loyal Catholics and the
  new Protestants.

7
The Tudor Dynasty

• A time of stability and economic expansion
• 1485 to 1603

8
The English Renaissance in Literature

• Broken into three distinct periods
• Early Tudor (Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI,
  Mary I)
• Elizabethan Age (Queen Elizabeth I)
• Jacobean Era (King James I, Jacob is James in
  Latin)

9
The English Renaissance in Literature

• Broken into three distinct periods
• Early Tudor (Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI,
  Mary I)
• Elizabethan Age (Queen Elizabeth I)
• Jacobean Era (King James I, Jacob is James in
  Latin)

10
Henry VII

• After his success in the War of the Roses
• rebuilt the treasury
• reestablished law and order throughout Britain
• succeeded by his son, Henry VIII

11
Henry VIII

• Ardent Catholic
• Granted the title of
  Defender of the Faith by the
  Pope for writing a paper against
  Martin Luther
• After Catherine of Aragon did not produce a male
  heir, Henry requested an annulment so he could
  marry Anne Boleyn

12
Henry VIIIs Manuscript in defense of the Church
13
Henry VIII, contd.

• The Pope refused the annulment (a dissolving of
  the marriage by the Church) request
• In 1534 Henry signed the Act of Supremacy which
  broke ties with the Roman Catholic Church and
  gave Henry full control of the Church of England
  (giving the wealth of the Church to his nobles)

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Tudor Monarchs
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Edward VIreigned 1547-1553Son of Henry VIII and
Jane Seymour Taters
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Edward VI

• Became king at the age of nine
• Died at the age of 15
• Made changes in the Church of England
• Services were said in English (not Latin)
• The Book of Common Prayer was established
• Made England a Protestant country

17
Mary I(Mary Tudor)Reigned from
1553-1558Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of
Aragon
18
Mary I

• Took the throne in 1553 after executing her
  cousin Lady Jane Grey
• Restored Catholicism to Britain
• Became known for her violent repression of
  Protestants and had over 200 people executed for
  not renouncing their Anglican faith
• Was known as Bloody Mary and strengthened the
  anti-Catholic sentiment in England

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Elizabeth IReigned from 1558-1603Daughter of
Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
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Elizabeth I

• Last of the Tudor Monarchs
• Good leader
• Well educated
• Patron of the arts
• This time period is referred to as the
  Elizabethan Age in honor of the queen

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Elizabeth I, contd

• Put an end to the religious turmoil plaguing
  Britain
• Re-established the Church of England
• Supported the arts
• Funded commercial and maritime projects

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The Death of Elizabeth I in 1603

• Last of the Tudor Monarchs
• Left her throne to King James VI of Scotland

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Mary, Queen of ScotlandExecuted by Elizabeth I
(her cousin) in 1587.
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Mary, Queen of Scots

• Queen of Scotland, daughter of James V of
  Scotland
• Was recognized by Catholics as the true monarch
• Imprisoned for 19 years by Elizabeth I and
  executed in 1587
• Her execution brought on a war with Spain, who
  disputed many of Englands claims to North
  America
• In 1588, 130 war ships of the Spanish Armada
  engaged the English in an 8-day battle
• Their defeat marked the decline of Spanish power
  and the rise of the English as a great sea power

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The Stuarts take the Throne

• In 1603, Elizabeth died.
• Before her death, she named James VI of Scotland
  as her heir, in an effort to keep religious
  peace.
• James was a Catholic, but agreed to keep England
  a Protestant country.
• James became James I, King of England.

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James IRuled Scotland as James VI,
son of Mary, Queen of Scots.Reigned in England
1603-1625 Began the reign of the
House of Stuart United the
Kingdoms of Scotland and
England (including
Wales) into Great Britain
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The Jacobean Era

• Named for King James, Jacob is James in Latin.
• King James continued to be a strong patron of the
  arts.
• He established the American colony of Jamestown,
  VA.

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Jacobean Era contd

• Came into a power struggle with Parliament over
  taxes and foreign wars.
• Persecuted the Puritans and they migrated to the
  Americas establishing the Plymouth colony in
  1621.
• Was responsible for the translation of the Bible
  into English

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1485-1558 Early Tudor Period

• Prelude to the Elizabethan Age
• Sir Thomas Wyatt introduced the sonnet form
• A sonnet is a 14-line poem, written in iambic
  pentameter, with a definite rhyme scheme.
• Poets of this time favored lyric poetry over the
  narrative poems of the Medieval period.

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English Poets

• Of the Early Tudor and Elizabethan Periods

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Sir Thomas Wyatt

• Introduced the Sonnet form
• Based on the Petrarchan sonnet form from Italy

32
Sir Philip Sidney

• Introduced the Sonnet Cycle
• Wrote the first example of a sonnet cycle with
  the poem, Astrophel and Stella

33
Edmund Spenser

• Wrote an epic sonnet cycle in honor of Queen
  Elizabeth I
• The Faerie Queene

34
Pastoral Poetry

• Idealizes rural life (life in the country)
• Popularized by Christopher Marlowe

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The Renaissance Man

• The typical Renaissance Man was characterized by
  an adventurous spirit
• Usually excelled in poetry, history, life at the
  court, soldiering, and exploring
• The best English example is SIR WALTER RALEIGH

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English Dramachanged from the Middle Ages

• Playwrights turned away from religious subjects
• Playwrights drew from classical Greek and Roman
  subjects and models
• Playwrights reintroduced tragedy and comedy
• began using BLANK VERSE unrhymed iambic
  pentameter

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Comedy and Tragedy

• COMEDY
• a humorous situation leads to a happy resolution

• TRAGEDY
• a situation in which tragedy (something bad)
  befalls the hero

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William Shakespeareregarded as the greatest
writer of English literature

• Born 1564 in Stratford-on-Avon and died 1616 and
  buried at Holy Trinity Church in Stratford.
• Married Anne Hathaway in 1582 and had a daughter,
  Susanna, and twins, Hamnet and Judith.
• Began his literary career as an actor and part
  owner of Lord Chamberlains Men who built the
  Globe Theatre.
• Changed the form of the sonnet and renamed it the
  Shakespearian Sonnet

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William Shakespeare

• Wrote a total of 37 plays.
• 9 of the plays were tragedies (Romeo and Juliet,
  Hamlet, and Macbeth).
• 10 of the plays were histories (Richard II and
  Henry V)
• Several of the plays were comedies (Merchant of
  Venice and A Midsummer Nights Dream)
• The other plays included romances and tragic
  comedies.

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William Shakespeares writing

• Displayed a deep understanding of human nature
  within his writing
• Displayed an eloquent use of the English language
• Displayed a depth and complexity within the
  characters
• Ben Jonson said of him
• He was not of an age, but for all time.

41
William Shakespeares writing

• Displayed a deep understanding of human nature
  within his writing
• Displayed an eloquent use of the English language
• Displayed a depth and complexity within the
  characters
• Ben Jonson said of him
• He was not of an age, but for all time.

42
Christopher Marlowe

• Early Tudor and Elizabethan playwright
• Wrote The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus
• Began as a poet and then moved into writing plays

43
Elizabethan and Jacobean Prose

• Prose writers preferred to write in Latin
• These writers were not as popular as the poets
  and playwrights

• The leading prose writer was FRANCIS BACON who
  wrote essays in Latin
• His biggest contribution was Novum Organum (The
  New Instrument of Learning)

44
The King James Bible

• Biggest prose achievement of the Jacobean Era.
• Commissioned by King James I
• It took 54 scholars 3 years to complete

45
The Elizabethan Period provides the standard
against which all other English literature is
judged.
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Examples of Tudor Architecture
Chapel at Kings College, Cambridge
Westminster Quire
Coronation Chair
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The Tower of London from the Thames River
Dover Castle, southeast coast of Britain
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Westminster Abbey Church coronation sight
Nave of Westminster Abbey
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Grand Reception Room Windsor Castle
Windsor Castle Gardens
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Green Drawing Room Windsor Castle
Windsor Castle
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Her Majestys Guard at Windsor Castle
Lantern Lobby at Windsor Castle
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St. Georges Chapel at Windsor Castle
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View of Windsor Castle from St. George Chapel
looking up to the palace
St. Georges Hall within the walls of Windsor
Castle
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Hampton Court Palace
Site View of Hampton Court
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Hampton Court Palace
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Globe Theatre
Anne Hathaway Cottage
Shakespeares Birthplace
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William Shakespeare
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Map of Great Britain