Title: Leadership Styles
1Leadership Styles
- Edward Walker MD, MHA
- Director, UW Healthcare Leadership Development
Alliance
2Goals
- Leadership begins with who you are
- Discover your personality preference
- See how strengths, overdone, become weaknesses
- Learn to recognize preferences of others
- See the value of diversity in accomplishing
organizational work - See the dangers of group think
- Learn to borrow other styles
3The MBTI Four Preferences
- What is our energy source?
- Extraversion vs. Introversion
- How do we take in information?
- Sensing vs. Intuition
- How do we make decisions?
- Thinking vs. Feeling
- What is our orientation to the world?
- Judging vs. Perceiving
4Preference 1
- Whats your energy source?
5Extraversion - Introversion
- We are extraverting when we
- Talk to other people
- Listen to what someone is saying
- Cook dinner, or make a cup of coffee
- Work on a car
- We are introverting when we
- Read a book
- Think about what we want to say or do
- Are aware of how we feel
- Think through a problem so that we understand it
6Preference 2
- How do you take in information?
7Sensing - Intuitive
- We are Sensing when we
- Taste food
- Notice a stoplight has changed
- Memorize a speech
- Follow steps in a plan
- We are Intuitive when we
- Come up with a new way of doing things
- Think about future implications for a current
action - Perceive underlying meaning in what people say or
do - See the big picture
8Preference 3
- How do you make decisions?
9Thinking - Feeling
- We are making decisions in the Thinking mode when
we - Research a product via consumer reports, and buy
the best one to meet our needs - Do "The Right Thing", whether or not we like it
- Choose not to buy a new blue shirt which we like,
because we already have two blue shirts - Establish guidelines to follow for performing
tasks - We are making decisions in the Feeling mode when
we - Decide to buy something because we like it
- Refrain from telling someone something which we
feel may upset them - Decide not to take a job because we don't like
the work environment - Decide to move somewhere to be close to someone
we care about
10Preference 4
- What is your orientation to the world?
11Judging - Perceiving
- We are using Judging when we
- Make a list of things to do
- Schedule things in advance
- Form and express judgments
- Bring closure to an issue so that we can move on
- We are using Perceiving when we
- Postpone decisions to see what other options are
available - Act spontaneously
- Decide what to do as we do it, rather than
forming a plan ahead of time - Do things at the last minute
12- Extraverted Characteristics
- Act first, think/reflect later
- Feel deprived when cutoff from interaction with
the outside world - Usually open to and motivated by outside world of
people and things - Enjoy wide variety and change in people
relationships
- Introverted Characteristics
- Think/reflect first, then Act
- Regularly require an amount of "private time" to
recharge batteries - Motivated internally, mind is sometimes so active
it is "closed" to outside world - Prefer one-to-one communication and relationships
13- Sensing Characteristics
- Mentally live in the Now, attending to present
opportunities - Using common sense and creating practical
solutions is automatic-instinctual - Memory recall is rich in detail of facts and past
events - Best improvise from past experience
- Like clear and concrete information dislike
guessing when facts are "fuzzy"
- Intuitive Characteristics
- Mentally live in the Future, attending to future
possibilities - Using imagination and creating/inventing new
possibilities is automatic-instinctual - Memory recall emphasizes patterns, contexts, and
connections - Best improvise from theoretical understanding
- Comfortable with ambiguous, fuzzy data and with
guessing its meaning.
14- Thinking Characteristics
- Instinctively search for facts and logic in a
decision situation - Naturally notices tasks and work to be
accomplished. - Easily able to provide an objective and critical
analysis - Accept conflict as a natural, normal part of
relationships with people.
- Feeling Characteristics
- Instinctively employ personal feelings and impact
on people in decision situations - Naturally sensitive to people needs and reactions
- Naturally seek consensus and popular opinions
- Unsettled by conflict have almost a toxic
reaction to disharmony.
15- Judging Characteristics
- Plan many of the details in advance before moving
into action. - Focus on task-related action complete meaningful
segments before moving on. - Work best and avoid stress when keep ahead of
deadlines. - Naturally use targets, dates and standard
routines to manage life.
- Perceiving Characteristics
- Comfortable moving into action without a plan
plan on-the-go. - Like to multitask, have variety, mix work and
play. - Naturally tolerant of time pressure work best
close to the deadlines. - Instinctively avoid commitments which interfere
with flexibility, freedom and variety
16What do you think your preference is?
17Wait thats 16 different combinations!
- Isnt there a simpler way to do this?
18A four box solution
Extroverted
Introverted
Feeling
Thinking
Merrill and Reid
19Hey, dont try to box me in Im more than a
label!
- There is no best or worst style there are
advantages and disadvantages to each - Every strength, when pushed far enough, becomes a
liability - There are no pure styles but one is usually
preferred - Behavior style does not explain the whole person
only defines perceived pattern - Much of the population is different than you in
communication, use of time, relating to others,
making decisions, managing conflict - Since about 75 of the world is not like you, you
might as well learn how to adapt to their style
20Driver Extroverted thinking
- Focus on productivity/action/results
- Risk taker
- Likes to make decisions
- Efficient now, now, NOW (!)
- When stressed Autocrat
- Best management strategies
- Do not ignore or compete
- Set clear accountabilities, expectations
- Channel interaction into mutually productive areas
21Expressive Extroverted Feeling
- Focus is on idea/vision/dream
- Wants appreciation/help to effect dream
- Testimonials help decision-making
- Quick/impulsive, future-oriented
- When stressed Attacker
- Best management strategies
- Dont personalize critique
- Help separate self from ideas
- Present positive ideas and options to achieve
vision
22Amiable Introverted Feeling
- Focus on people
- Rejects conflict, avoids risk
- Wants guarantees in decision-making
- Unhurried, slow and agreeable
- When stressed Acquiescer
- Best management strategies
- Solicit criticism along the way, make it feel
safe - Focus on common good
- Involve/engage individual
23Analytic Introverted thinking
- Focus on facts/principles/historical perspective
- Wants to be right, is disciplined/accurate
- Risk avoider
- Needs time to decide/evidence
- When stressed Avoider
- Best management strategies
- Address procedures
- Include details
- Enlist individuals aid
24Common four-box characterizations
Merrill-Reid Driver Expressive Amiable Analytical
Enneagram Adventurer Achiever Helper Romantic Peacemaker Observer Asserter Perfectionist
Hippocrates Choleric Sanguine Phlegmatic Melancholy
Western Astrology Fire Air Water Earth
Animals Bear Monkey Dolphin Owl
Children's Literature Rabbit Tigger Pooh Eeyore
Charlie Brown Lucy Snoopy Charlie Brown Linus
Who Moved My Cheese? Sniff Scurry Haw Hem
25If youre still not sure.
- Driver Objective-focused Know what they want
and how to get there! Communicates quickly,
gets to the point Sometimes tactless and
brusque Can be an "ends justify the means" type
of person Hardworking, high energy Does not
shy away from conflict - Expressive Natural salesmen or story-tellers
Warm and enthusiastic Good motivators,
communicators Can be competitive Can tend to
exaggerate, leave out facts and details
Sometimes would rather talk about things than do
them! - Amiable Kind-hearted people who avoid conflict
Can blend into any situation well Can appear
uncertain Has difficulty with firm decisions
Often loves art, music and poetry Highly
sensitive Can be quiet and soft-spoken - Analytical Highly detail oriented people Can
have a difficult time making decisions without
ALL the facts Make great accounts and engineers
Tend to be highly critical people Can tend to
be pessimistic in nature Very perceptive
26Comparison of Styles
Style Intent Need Pace Focus
Driver Get job done Control Fast Task
Amiable Get along Harmony Slow People
Analyzer Get job done right Accuracy Slow Task
Expressive Be heard Attention Fast People
Adapted from Merrill and Reid
27Interacting Effectively With Other Styles
- Start by knowing yourself
- Observe the behavior patterns of others carefully
- Learn how others see and interact with the world
- Avoid judgments, evaluations, and analyzing why
someone behaves a certain way - Tentatively classify a style and adapt to that
style
28Learn to be flexible!
- Learn the ability to be adaptable and skillful in
a variety of situations - Recognize that you can only control your half of
the interaction - You can improve effectiveness by temporarily
modifying your preferences - Can you borrow the other three styles if you
need to?
29What is your own style?
Extroverted
Introverted
Feeling
My ideal
My real
Thinking
30Flexibility and Role Shifting
- DECREASE FEELING
- Contain feelings
- Express facts
- Use facts
AMIABLE
EXPRESSIVE
- INCREASE
- ASSERTIVENESS
- Tell more
- Ask less
- Take control
- REDUCE
- ASSERTIVENESS
- Ask more
- Tell less
- Share control
- INCREASE FEELING
- Control less
- Express more/Be open
- to feelings
- Trust intuition/ Give more
- value to opinion
ANALYTIC
DRIVER
31Leadership Tips Using Styles
32Group tasks
- Describe your personality style
- Which preferences do you have?
- Which is the hardest style for you to move into
and maintain if needed? - Where are your strengths and blind spots?
- What do you need to watch for during group
participation? - Pick a recent meeting where you now see that
these styles were operating? How would you act
differently? - Group quartets