THE JACKSON YEARS

1
THE JACKSON YEARS
2
THE WEBSTER-HAYNE DEBATES

• ROBERT HAYNE OF SO. CAROLINA (STATES RIGHTS)
• DANIEL WEBSTER- (THE UNION CAUSE)
• A ROPE OF SAND. -WEBSTER
• LIBERTY AND UNION NOW AND FOREVER!

3
JEFFERSON DAY DINNER

• JACKSON HAD NOT TAKEN A STAND ON NULLIFICATION
• CALHOUN WANTS TO DRAW HIM OUT
• TOAST JACKSON- OUR FEDERAL UNION, IT MUST BE
  PRESERVED!
• CALHOUN THE UNION, NEXT TO LIBERTY MOST DEAR!

4
JACKSON AND The Nullification Crisis 1832

• The Nullies gain control in So. Carolina in
  1832
• Tariff of 1832 lowers rate slightly
• Nullies not satisfied call Columbia Convention
• Apply Calhouns nullification theory.

5
Pass Ordinance of nullification of Tariffs of
1828 1832

• President Jackson responds
• Jackson rejects right of nullification.
• Jackson threatens to use force.
• So. Carolina prepares to defend its borders.

6
Clay offers a compromise

• Compromise Tariff of 1833. Reduces rates over 8
  year period.
• No other states follow So. Carolinas lead.
• Congress passes the Force Bill. Threatens force
  to collect tariff.

7
Columbia convention repeals tariff nullification.

• But Nullify the Force Bill. (Much like the
  British Declaratory Act.)
• No clear winner. South appeased.
• JACKSON should have strangled secession in its
  cradle!

8
Politics of the Bank of the U.S.

• Jackson distrusts the Bank of U.S. Headed by
  Nicholas Biddle.
• Bank has 4 years to go on charter.
• Clay wants to force the issue of re-charter for
  election of 1832
• Jackson claims mandate against the Bank.
• AJ declares war on the Bank
• AJ removes Federal funds
• Places them in Pet State Banks.

9
Jackson vetoes the re-charter.

• The rich favor Clay, but Jackson has the common
  man.
• The Banks s -s
• Jackson calls Bank anti-western plutocratic.
  Nicholas Biddle heads Bank
• Advantages of the Bank
• Negatives of the Bank

10
Biddle calls in loans triggers Panic.

• Proves Jackson right about too much power.
• State banks expand money supply with easy loans.
• Inflation sets in.

11
To restore confidence Jackson issues The Specie
Circular.

• Only Gold silver can be used to buy Federal
  land.
• Deflation and panic of 1837 follows
• West feels betrayed. Westerners speculate on land
  prices.
• Inflation helps them.

12
Election of 1832 Jackson defeats Clay 219 to 49

• Anti-Masonic Party is first 3rd party in pres.
  Election
• Also national nominating conventions held

13
Seminole War in Florida 1835-42

• Difficult conditions.
• Osceola a clever leader.
• Osceola capture under a flag of truce.
• Many Indians relocated to Indian territory.

14
Jacksons Diplomacy

• Wins access to British West Indies.
• He asks the British politely and they grant
  access.
• 1832 French agreed to pay damages for Napoleonic
  seizures.
• Almost goes to war with France over debt in 1834.

15
Transplanting Native American Tribes

• By 1830, most territories east of the Mississippi
  had become states
• Indian Removal Act (1830)
• Cherokee developed certain aspects of society
  similar to whites
• Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
• Worcester v. Georgia
• Trail of Tears

16
Election of 1836

• Birth of the Whigs (heirs of Hamiltons
  Federalist ideas)
• William Henry Harrison, hero of Battle of
  Tippecanoe, emerged as Whig candidate, elbowing
  Clay aside.
• Martin Van Buren was Jackson's hand-picked
  successor.
• Van Buren d. Harrison 170-73 765,483 to 739,795
  in popular vote
• Panic of 1837

17
The Birth of Texas

• 1823, A newly independent Mexico granted Stephen
  Austin Texas
• Friction between Mexicans and Americans over
• Slavery
• Immigration
• Local Rights
• Texas declared its independence in 1836
• Battle of the Alamo
• San Jacinto