EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON THE COASTS

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EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON THE COASTS
Only when the last tree has died, the last river
poisoned and the last fish caught, will we
realize that we cannot eat money
By AADI VAIDYA SHOBHIT SINGH SHITAL
SHIRSAT PRAJAKT SURVE
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WHAT IS GLOBAL WARMING?

• Refers to the long term increase in temperature
  which is global in nature.
• Disturbs balance between hot and cold
• areas in the atmosphere.
• Caused by the increase in GHG(CO2,CH4,N2O),they
  act as a blanket resulting a rise in temperature

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CONTRIBUTION OF GHGS TOWARDS CLIMATE CHANGE
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING

• Climate should not be confused with weather.
• Climate change refers to variation in global and
  regional climates over time
• Changes the climate system as a whole shifting
  the average pattern.
• Climate change and global warming are co related

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CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING

• . Human activities ..main cause
• Burning of fossil fuels - emit excess GHGs
• making a thicker blanket of ghgs increasing
  heat
• Forest destruction
• Increase in co2
• Industrial pollution
• Incorrect waste management
• Depletion of land and soil

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IMPACTS

• Coastal ecosystem
• Includes mangrooves, coral reefs, sea grass,
  marine life
• Vulnerable to the effects of frequency changes in
  rainfall and level rise
• May be damaged by warmer sea temperature
• disasters
• Can cause high tides, storms, floods, seismic sea
  waves(tsunami)
• 46 mn people on an average are affected
• economic impacts
• Damages economic sectors

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• many coastal communities are affected
• increase in global warming is leading to the
  increase in various infections
• disruption of sanitation, drainage, sewage
  disposal, system
• psychological and other illnesses
• transmission of diseases and breeding of insects
• Many industries set up at the coastal regions
  can be harmed
• in turn affecting the Indian economy

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THE INDIAN SITUATION

• Mean temperature increase of 3 to 5 degree C by
  end of century more pronounced in north
• 20 rise in Indian monsoon
• More extreme extremes especially over west
  coast of India and west central India
• Reduced crop production due to increased
  temperature and higher CO2 content
• An increase in cyclones in Bay of Bengal
• Flooding of low lying areas producing climate
  refugees

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INDIAN COASTLINE

• Total length from Sunder bans in West Bengal till
  the Rann of Kutch in gujarat-5700km.
• Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar group of islands
  constitute-1810 km
• few major coastal ports
• Mumbai, Chennai, Vishakhapatnam, Kolkata,
  Kochi and Goa
• Western coastline has a continental shelf having
  an area of 0.13mn sq. km.

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CRZ

• Coastal regulation zone is the boundary from the
  high tide line up to 500m in the land -ward side.
• Four categories
• CRZ I Ecologically important areas like
  national parks
• CRZ II Already exploited to some extent like
  drainage etc.
• CRZ III Undisturbed areas not included under I
  II.
• CRZ IV Coastal areas in Andamans, Lakshadweep
  and other small islands.

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THE GREATEST THREAT- SEA LEVEL RISE

• Inundation of coastal colonies
• India is one of the 28 countries endagered from
  sea level rise
• Total area of 5763 sqkm and 4.6 of the coastal
  population would be affected
• Most vulnerable areas-gujarat,mumbai,south
  kerala,lakshadweep islands

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DISPLACEMENT OF COMMUNITIES

• Facts
• Reports say-sea level rise between 15 to 38 cm
  can affect tens of thousands of people at the
  coasts
• A meter rise today would displace 7 million
  people
• Sudhir Chellarajan(IIT professor)has determined
  that by the end of the century 12 million people
  would be displaced in west Bengal
• The problem of coastal refugees would start
  irking the governments soon their
  rehabilitation, compensation and effect on
  economy..

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BYE BYE BEACHES.

• Threatning to chew up beaches of Vishakhapatnam.
  In the past month it has gouged 75 metre of the
  section through erosion
• Puris beaches are slowly disintegrating
• Climatic factors and man made development is
  causing heavy toll on the beaches of Goa. Water
  has started to enter close to solid ground.would
  affect tourism and local coastal communities

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GLOBAL WARMING CAUSING CHANGE IN MONSOONS

• Changes in the monsoon pattern in India are
  expected to result in severe floods, droughts
• Scientists predict a 3-5 degree rise in
  temperature causing a 20 increase in summer
  rainfall.
• A vast population depends upon rainfall for their
  livelihood
• Changes in water cycle can cause diseases such as
  malaria, cholera, hepatitis,etc.

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SEA WATER INTRUSION

• The vulnerability area increases with every 0.5 m
  rise in sea level.
• Maximum near the creeks and minimum along main
  coast.
• Irrigated agriculture, coastal activities ,
  tourism at risk
• Saline water may make land unfit for agriculture
• Two islands already vanished from Sunder bans
  displacing 7000 people. Two more islands at risk.

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Increased Sea Level, Increased Floods
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MUMBAI

• Frequent floods and sea water intrusion has
  affected structural stability of high rise
  buildings
• About 40 of the population in Mumbai vulnerable
  to sea water intrusion due increased water level
• Low lying areas of Byculla to Parel and Dadar
  which had mill areas given to industries
• Huge construction have destroyed their capability
  of acting as water sinks during heavy rains
• Again dislocation of people

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VOICE OF FISHERFOLK

• EARLIER WE USED TO OFFER COCONUTS TO THE GODS OF
  THE SEA AND THEY USED TO LET US FISH PEACEFULLY.
  THOSE DAYS ARE GONE..
• THIS IS THE VOICE OF THE FISHERFOLK
• HAVE NO FAITH ON THE GOVERNMENT AND OTHER
  AGENCIES
• MANY TIMES THEY HAVE ISSUED WARNINGS,BUT NOTHING
  EVER HAPPENS.BUT THEY DONT REALISE THAT OUR
  LIVELIHOOD IS AT STAKE
• WE DO NOT DEMAND TO SHUT DOWN INDUSTRIESBUT TO
  GIVE US ATLEAST OUR SHARE

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COASTAL REFUGEES

• Special type of climate refugees basically
  inhabitants of the coasts
• Displaced due to rise in sea level and inundation
  of their villages
• Or due to sea water intrusion making land saline
  and unavailable for agriculture
• 7000 people already coastal refugees in Sunder
  bans and 70,000 looming under large threat
• No proper care hence can lead to dissent among
  people

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C L I M A T E R E F U G E E S
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Story-The end of world in Versova

• Over a hundred shanties were swept away last
  year July, tides rose to 5.05 m.
• 13 lakh people in a state of risk
• Fresh water supply has drastically reduced
• Improper drainage system
• the IPCC (intergovernmental panel on climate
  change)has declared Versova as danger zone

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GOVERNMENT ACTIONS

• A metre increase in sea level can affect 13 lakh
  people
• Government has sanctioned Mr. Rajendra.K.Pachauri
  along with his committee to do a probe study on
  the coastal regions of Maharastra (worth 98
  lakhs)
• They have collaborated with MOHC(met office
  Headley centre)
• Different agencies may differ but what is of main
  concern is the impacts

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OPTING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

• Sustainable development means developing in such
  a way that our resources are utilised in the best
  possible way and can be replenished for future
  generations
• Now has become a global concept
• Many countries have recognised it and are
  adopting it
• It is necessary for all
• This would directly affect the lives of the people

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INDIA WITH SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

• In India current plans are to tally contradictory
  to sustainable development
• Growth in power, transport, energy would alone
  contribute 40 of GHG emissions
• The planning commission and the government have
  to bind sustainable development and economic
  growth plans in such a way that they dont
  conflict each other

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WHAT IS TO BE DONE?

• Despite of have to make a choice and our future
  will depend on that
• We cannot solely rely on government agencies,
  scientists and economists to act
• While coastal communities have a low carbon
  footprint than us, we can too reduce ours by
  adopting various methods of alternative sources
  of energy
• We should change our thinking of using exotic
  products, which have created a mindset of a
  higher standard of living
• We should realise that saving resources would in
  turn be the best possible way to live

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CAN INDIA SHOW THE WAY ?

• Developed countries worst polluters
• India and China still developing and can build in
  an environmental friendly way
• Public Transport, low carbon emissions etc.
  should be aimed
• Actively supported the cause of environment in
  Copenhagen Summit
• Basic professions like agriculture and mining can
  easily reduce carbon emissions

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A GENDER AND LIVELIHOOD BASED APPROACH

• Gender refers to social roles and relations
  between men and women
• Use participatory approaches to involve all
  members of the community in planning
• Enhance local capacity to adapt
• Introduce tools in a locally sensitive way
• Draw on local knowledge
• Understand local gender roles

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CHANGE BEGINS WITH ME

• Can not solely depend on government agencies,
  research and scientists
• Underlying point remains the same Reduce your
  carbon footprint.
• Use more non conventional sources of energy -
  sun, wind etc.
• Coastal Management should be based on the region
  decentralized
• Decision making should be flexible

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Websites
• www.infochangeindia.org
• www.wikipedia.com/globalwarming
• Books and magazine
• The Coast isnt Clear Voices from Mumbais
  Margins
• Mumbai Mirror 28th April, 2009
• Resource Person
• Mr. John Centre for Education and
  Documentation, Colaba
• Ms. Jacintha - Centre for Education and
  Documentation, Colaba

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THANK YOU.
It seems to me that we all look at nature too
much, and live with her too little
- Oscar
Wilde