Male and Female Reproductive Systems

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Male and Female Reproductive Systems

• Includes all internal and external parts.

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Female System

• Functions
• Produce an Ovum (egg cell)
• When united with the sperm produces a fertilized
  ovum.
• No fertilization-Menstrual cycle
• Organs of intercourse

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External Organs

• Called the Vulva (includes)
• Clitoris
• Mons Pubis
• Labia Majora
• Labia Minora
• Vaginal Opening
• Vestibule

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External Organs

• Mons Pubis rounded fatty pad of tissue, covered
  with pubic hair, located in the front on top of
  the pubic bone.
• Labia Majora Outer two folds of tissue on
  either side of the vaginal opening, also covered
  with pubic hair.
• Labia Minora Inner two folds of skin, forms a
  hood like covering over the clitoris.
• The labia serve as a line of protection against
  pathogens (infection), also function in sexual
  arousal.

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Vaginal Opening

• Hymen Thin membrane that stretches across the
  vaginal opening.
• Clitoris Small knob of tissue in the front of
  the vaginal opening, important in sexual arousal.
• Bartholins Glands Produce a lubricating liquid
  during sexual arousal
• Urethral opening Area where urine leaves the
  body.

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Internal Organs

• Vagina Elastic, tube like passageway. Organ of
  sexual intercourse. Also known as the Birth
  Canal.
• Cervix Neck of the uterus or the opening to the
  uterus, during child birth the cervix will dilate
  to allow the passage of the baby.
• Uterus Strong, elastic muscle about the size of
  a fist. Main function is to hold and nourish the
  developing embryo and fetus.
• Fallopian tubes Tubes on each side of the
  uterus. Path way for the ovum.
• Ovaries female sex gland situated on both sides
  of the uterus at the ends of the fallopian
  tubes. Houses the ova and produce the hormones
  estrogen and progesterone.

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Ovulation

• The process of releasing the one mature ovum each
  month into the fallopian tube is called
  ovulation.
• The ovum can live for two days in the fallopian
  tubes.

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Menstruation

• If the ovum is not fertilized, or if the
  fertilized ovum does not attach to the wall of
  uterus, the lining is not needed.
• The muscle of the uterus contracts will cause the
  lining to gradually break down.
• Abdominal Cramps
• 2-3 Tablespoons of blood
• The rest of the tissue that make up the lining.
  The process will take anywhere from 4 to 7 days.
• The cycle repeats itself every 24-36 days
  depending on the person.
• The cycle will start around the ages of 10-15.
• Menopause the ceasing of menstrual cycle, 45-50
  on the average.

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Concerns about the female system

• PMS Premenstrual Syndrome, Last from several
  days to two weeks.
• Symptoms Nervous tension, anxiety,
  irritability, bloating, weight gain, depression,
  mood swings, and fatigue.

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Concerns with PMS

• Dysmenorrhea Painful contractions, lasting for
  days, avoid aspirin.
• Amenorrhea Lack of the menstrual cycle, a 16
  yr.old female who has never had a period or one
  that has discontinued for three months or more.
• Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) Caused by a
  bacterial infection. Most cases have been traced
  to the use of super absorbent tampons which
  provide an oxygen rich environment for the
  bacteria.
• Vaginitis Vaginal infection which is common,
  yeast infection is one example.

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Other Concerns and Side Effects

• Sterility
• Blockage in the fallopian tubes
• Unable to ovulate
• Endometriosis Endometrial tissue grows outside
  the uterus
• Untreated STIs (gonorrhea, Chlamydia
• Breast Cancer (Most common in women)
• Cervical Cancer Pap Smear to detect . It will
  not detect STIs.
• Ovarian Cancer
• Lining of the Ovary

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Male Reproductive System

• Function To produce sperm cells
• Male reproduction cell (sperm cell) unites with a
  female egg cell (ovum) to form a fertilized ovum.
• Production starts around 12 to 15 years of age.
  Otherwise known as puberty.
• Testosterone causes the testes to produce sperm.
• Spermatogenesis Production of sperm for the
  rest of the males life.

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External Male Reproduction System

• Testes Male sex glands, manufacture the male
  sex hormone. Testosterone and produce male
  reproduction cell sperm.
• Scrotum Sac that holds the testes.

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• Testes Seminiferous tubules sperm is produced
  in this section of the testes.
• 500 million each day.
• Epididymis Stores newly produced sperm. 64
  days for sperm to fully mature.

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Penis

• Tube like organ that functions in sexual
  reproduction, sexual pleasure and the elimination
  of body waste.
• Erections Blood fills three cylinders (sinus)
  which surround the urethra.
• Ejaculation Release of reproductive fluids.
  (Semen)

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Circumcision

• Foreskin The fold of skin that covers the head
  of the penis. Males are born with this.
• Surgical procedure to remove this fold of skin.
• Usually done after a few days of birth.
• Aids in keeping the reproductive organs clean.

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Internal Reproductive Organs

• Vas Deferens A long tube that connects the
  epididymis with the urethra.
• Seminal Vesicles Two little pouches just above
  and either side of the prostate gland. Secrete a
  fluid that mixes with the sperm. The fluid
  travels down the ejaculatory duct to mix with the
  sperm.
• Prostate Gland Below the bladder and surrounds
  the urethra. Secretes a milky and alkaline fluid
  that mixes with the sperm. It it the size of a
  chest nut.
• Cowpers Gland Glands open into the urethra,
  secretes a clear sticky fluid that will clean the
  urethra of acid from urine.
• Urethra Tube like organ that travels thru the
  penis and leads to the ejaculatory duct, passage
  way for urine and sperm.
• Semen Mixture of fluids from the seminal
  vesicles, cowpers gland, and the prostate gland.

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Concerns about the male system

• Nocturnal Emissions
• Hernia Pushing of a body part thru the muscle
  wall that normally contains it.
• Inguinal Hernia Weak spot in the abdominal wall
  near the top of the scrotum. Part of the
  intestine will push thru.
• Sterility Weak malfunctioning sperm or no
  sperm. Can be caused by temperature changes,
  surgery, certain chemicals, smoking, contracting
  the mumps as an adult, untreated STIs.

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Other Concerns

• Testicular cancer 1of all cancer in men ages
  15-34.
• Prostate cancer Prostate enlarges and blocks
  the urethra or bladder. 2nd most common type of
  cancer in men.

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