The Dangers of Smoking and Excessive Alcohol Consumption

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The Dangers of Smoking and Excessive Alcohol
Consumption

• Andrew Lichter and Basil Kawash

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The Body

• The human body can be divided into two general
  regions
• The head and trunk
• The appendages (arms/legs)

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Body Cavities

• The head and trunk have large spaces that hold
  the bodys organs.
• Cranial Cavity
• Thoracic Cavity
• Abdominal Cavity

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Todays Class

• Today we are going to talk about some of the
  organs in these three cavities
• The heart/lungs and how smoking harms them
• The liver and the brain and how alcohol affects
  them

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The Heart and Lungs

• The heart
• Pumps blood through out the whole body
• 4 chambers
• Right/Left Atria
• Right/Left Venttricle

Whos heart beats faster men or women? children
or adults?
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What are veins? What are ateries?
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• The Lungs
• Trachea
• 2 bronchi
• Right 2 lobes
• Left 3 lobes
• Alveoli

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Oxygen Exchange

• Air goes through the trachea, bronchi and into
  tiny sacks called alveoli
• These sacks have very thin walls that are
  surrounded by tiny blood vessels
• The oxygen goes into the blood and CO2 leaves the
  blood

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How do we breathe?

• The diaphragm contracts so that the volume inside
  the thoracic cavity gets larger.
• This larger volume does not have any air in it
  yet so air from the outside rushes in to fill the
  new open space

The average person breathes in and out 22,000
times in one day
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Smoking

• Smoking is bad for your lungs
• The soot clogs your alveoli
• The lungs secrete large amounts of mucus to help
  isolate the tar and soot
• The smoke causes irritation and damage to the
  lining of the lungs which causes the body to form
  of calcium deposits as part of healing
• The lungs become stiff from calcium and destroyed
  elastic proteins
• Causes cancer which can also spread to other
  parts of the body

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Teens and smoking

• About 440,000 Americans die each year from
  diseases related to smoking.
• About 90 of all smokers started as teen smokers.
• 60 started before they were 12
• Teenager bodies are still developing and are more
  easily addicted to tobacco

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Normal Smoker
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Other side effects of smoking?

• Bad breath/teeth
• Wrinkles
• Discolored fingers and fingernails
• Clogs arteries and damages the heart
• Increases clotting
• Stomach ulcers
• Difficulty breathing
• Expensive??

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If nothing else
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The Liver and Brain

• The liver
• The liver is the largest solid organ in the body
  and can weigh 4-5 lbs.
• It is primarily on the right side of the body and
  is made up of 4 lobes
• The liver has over 500 known functions, but its
  main functions are to help sort energy products
  from digested food and remove toxic waste

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Alcohol-Related Health Conditions
1. Behavioral drunk driving, impaired judgment,
blurry vision
2. Physical liver and kidney malfunction, brain
damage, heart disease, elevated blood pressure
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Alcohol and Teens The Numbers

• Nearly 50 of all teen suicide victims drank
  alcohol at the time of their death.
• Drinking alcohol is the leading factor in
  unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted
  diseases.
• About 1/3 of crimes committed by youth are
  related to alcohol consumption.
• Almost 1/3 of all traffic deaths involving people
  under 25 are related to alcohol.

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Alcohols Path

• 1) Swallowed through the mouth
• 2) Stomach-small amount of alcohol is absorbed
  into the blood stream through the stomach wall.

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• 3) Small Intestine- Most of the alcohol passes
  into the bloodstream through the small intestine.
• 4) Bloodstream-takes blood and alcohol all over
  the body.

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• 5) Liver-organ where alcohol is oxidized-turned
  into water, carbon dioxide, and energy at a rate
  of ½ oz. of alcohol per hour for adults.
• 6) Brain-affects the brain by depressing (or
  slowing down the its function.

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4 Factors that influence how alcohol affects
people

• 1)Body weight- more body weight-more alcohol to
  get the same effects.
• 2) If one has had anything to eat before or
  during drinking

Vs.
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4 Factors that influence how alcohol affects
people

• 3) Amount of alcohol consumed
• 4) Thoughts Expectations Often what you think
  alcohol will do for you is what it actually does
  for you.

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What are 3 reasons alcohol has a stronger effect
on Teens than adults?

• 1) Usually smaller body weight
• 2) Less psychological tolerance for teens
• 3) More stress in teen lives
• 4) Liver does not completely mature until early
  20s-cant oxidize alcohol as fast as a result.

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Levels of Intoxication

• .08 - Illegal limit for most states in US
• .2 - Inhibitions loosened. Do things you would
  never do sober.
• .3 - Senses severely impaired. Slurred speech,
  staggering when walking.
• .4 - Pass out. Become unconscious-looks like
  you are sleeping.
• .5 - Fatal dose for most people.

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Cirrhosis
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Healthy Brain, Healthy Body

• Adolescence is a period of profound brain
  maturation.
• We thought brain development was complete by
  adolescence but we now know its not complete
  until around 25!
• Source Giedd, 2004

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Alcohol seems to permanently destroy brain cells.
T or F

• True- alcohol does destroy brain cells every time
  it is consumed.
• Over time and use it may cause a person to lose
  certain functions of the brain.
• The earlier one starts drinking and the more a
  person uses the faster the brain function is lost.

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Alcohol and Neuroanatomical Findings with Youth

• Smaller hippocampus in adolescence
• Greater responsivity to alcohol cues
• Score worse than non-users on vocabulary, general
  information, memory, memory retrieval and at
  least three other tests
• Significant neuro-psychological deficits exist in
  early to middle adolescents (ages 15 and 16) with
  histories of extensive alcohol use

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Alcohol Induced Brain Damage
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Alcohol Poisoning

• Signs
• Mental confusion
• Vomiting
• Slow breathing (less than 8 a minute)
• Hypothermia- bluish pale skin
• If untreated
• Choke on vomit
• Stop breathing
• Heat beat stops
• Too little blood sugar leads to seizures

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Its never to late to quit

• Whenever you get addicted to something, it can be
  really hard to stop it so some people say its
  too late
• It is NEVER to late to stop smoking, doing drugs,
  alcohol
• Dont be afraid to reach out to your parents and
  teachers. Tell them whats going on and ask
  questions. Weve all been teenagers and it can
  get kind of confusing.