CH' 12 ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO USE, MISUSE, AND ABUSE

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CH. 12 ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO USE, MISUSE, AND ABUSE

• ALCOHOL IS THE MOST ABUSED LEGAL
• DRUG IN OUR SOCIETY
• HOW MANY OF YOU HAVE NEVER HAD ALCOHOL ON YOUR
  LIPS?
• BAC blood alcohol concentration amount of
  alcohol in the blood usually expressed as a . GA
  is .08
• The amount of alcohol is half the amount of
  proof.
• i.e. 100 proof 50 alcohol

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3 TYPES OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES

• 1. Beer
• 2. Wine
• 3. Distilled Spirits (hard liquor)
• 12 oz. Beer 4-5 oz. Wine 1 oz. Hard liquor
  ONE DRINK

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Factors that affect the BAC and response

• your size
• gender
• how much and how quickly you drink
• eating
• beverage chosen
• age
• race, Asians and Native Americans unable to break
  down alcohol as quickly as Caucasians
• other medications Tylenol, and aspirin can
  increase blood alcohol more rapidly
• family history of alcoholism dont develop
  usual symptoms
• tolerance takes more to get you drunk

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Alcohol Facts

• Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, is the type of alcohol
  in alcoholic beverages.
• Alcohol is a depressant
• Reaches the stomach first, then the bloodstream,
  then onto the liver, heart and brain.
• The liver converts about 95 of alcohol to carbon
  dioxide and water. Converts the excess alcohol to
  FAT!
• Alcohol is a diuretic (speeds up elimination of
  fluids)
• 1 gram of alcohol is equal to 7 calories.
• Alcohol lowers body temperature, so dont drink
  to get warm.

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Brain Damages and eventually destroys
brain cells Impairs memory Dulls senses
Impairs physical coordination
Immune system Lowers resistance to diseases
Heart Weakens heart muscle May raise blood
pressure Causes irregular heartbeat
Stomach and intestines Causes bleeding and
inflammation May trigger cancer
Reproductive system In men, hormone levels may
be altered impotence may occur In women,
menstrual cycles become irregular pregnant women
have an increased risk of bearing children with
birth defects
Liver Damages and eventually destroys liver
cells Displaces important nutrients, which can
cause malnutrition
Fig. 12-6, p. 340
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Critical Signs of Alcohol Poisoning

• Vomiting
• Seizures
• Slow breathing or stops breathing
• Cannot wake them up
• Bluish, cold, clammy, pale skin
• EVEN IF THE VICTIM LIVES, AN ALCOHOL OVERDOSE
  CAN RESULT IN IRREVERSIBLE BRAIN DAMAGE p. 331

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• Alcohol Abuse continued use despite awareness
  related to drinking. p. 344
• Alcohol Dependence individuals develop a strong
  craving for alcohol because it produces
  pleasurable feelings or relieves stress or
  anxiety. p. 344-345
• Alcoholism chronic disease in which genetic,
  psychosocial, and environmental factors influence
  its development and manifestations. p. 345-346

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CAN YOUR BODY BE PREDISPOSED FOR ALCOHOLISM?

• 1 in 6 adult Americans have a problem with
  drinking.
• 60 of adult Americans use alcohol.
• Heavy drinking destroys the liver, weakens the
  heart, elevates blood pressure, damages the
  brain, and increases the risk of cancer.
• The most common reason people drink is to ______.

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DRINKING ON CAMPUS

• The total amount of alcohol consumed by college
  students each year is 430 million gallons. Enough
  for every college and university in the U.S. to
  fill an Olympic-size swimming pool.
• BINGE DRINKING the consumption of 5
• or more drinks in a row by men and 4 or
• more for women.
• LEADING CAUSE OF PREVENTABLE
• DEATH AMONG UNDERGRADUATES.
• 2 out of 5 students binge drink. 1 in 3 women.

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The Consequences of College Drinking

• Alcohol is involved in two thirds of college
  student suicides
• 9 out of 10 rapes
• 95 of violent crimes on campus
• 75 90 of all violence on college campuses is
  alcohol-related.
• How to protect yourself from unsafe drinking p.
  339.
• Staying in control of your drinking p. 339.
• END

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SMOKING IN AMERICA

• Tobaccos Immediate Effects
• How Nicotine Works
• Nicotine primary active ingredient, tobacco smoke
  400 other compounds and chemicals.
• Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death
  in the U.S.(U.S. Surgeon General)
• 90 of nicotine is absorbed into your body if you
  inhale.
• 25-30 still absorb if only smoke in your mouth
  and not lungs.

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• Affects the brain just like cocaine, opiates, and
  amphetamines triggering the release of dopamine.
• Increases blood pressure
• Speeds up the heart by 15-20 bpm
• Constricts blood vessels
• Inhibits the formation of urine
• Dampens hunger
• Irritates the membranes in the mouth and throat
• Nicotine is a major contributor to heart and
  respiratory diseases.

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Smoking in America
Insert Table 12-1 here
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Tar and Carbon Monoxide

• Tar is a thick, sticky dark fluid made up of
  several hundred difference chemicals, many
  poisonous, and some carcinogenic
• Smoke from cigarettes, cigars, and pipes contains
  carbon monoxide
• 400 times higher than what comes out of car
  exhaust
• Interferes with the ability of the hemoglobin in
  the blood to carry oxygen
• Impairs normal functioning of the nervous system
• Increased risk of heart attacks and strokes

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Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking (4)

• A smoker is 10 times more likely to develop lung
  cancer than a nonsmoker and 20 times more likely
  to have a heart attack.

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1. Heart Disease and Stroke

• Smoking increases LDL and lowers HDL
• Heart attack is the leading cause of death for
  smokers
• Heart attack risk is greater in younger smokers
• Smokers who suffer mi's only 50 recovery rate
• 70 higher death rate from heart disease than non
• Smoke heavily have 200 higher death rate
• Smoking is more dangerous than hbp and high
  cholest.
• women who smoke and use oral contraceptives have
  10
• times higher risk of suffering heart attack than
  women
• who do neither.
• Smoking also causes cardiomyopathy - weakens the
• heart's ability to pump blood. (not in book)
• After 5-10 yrs. ex-smoker's risk of heart disease
  is like
• a person who has never smoked.

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2. Cancer

• Tobacco smoking causes 80 of all cases of lung
  cancer
• If smokers stop before cancer has started the
  lung tissue repairs itself even if there were
  already precancerous changes.
• Smokers who are depressed are more likely to get
  cancer than non-depressed.

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3. Respiratory Diseases

• Smoking is major cause of chronic obstructive
  lung disease (COLD) which includes emphysema and
  chronic bronchitis.
• 4. Other Smoking-Related problems
• Gum disease
• Stomach and duodenal ulcers, mouth, throat, and
  other cancers and cirrhosis of the liver.
• Men who smoke 10 cigarettes a day or more may
  experience erectile dysfunction.
• May also increase anxiety, panic attacks, and
  social phobias.

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Nicotine first stimulates the nervous system,
then triggers release of tranquilizing morphine-
like amino acids
Brain
Spreads to nervous system within eight seconds
Bloodstream absorbs nicotine
Lungs
Heartbeat quickens
Heart
Blood vessels
Vessels constrict, causing higher blood pressure
Fig. 12-8, p. 351
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Why Do People Start Smoking?

• 2 reasons why people start is age and education
• Genetics
• Parental Role Models
• Adolescent Experimentation Rebellion (misjudge
  addiction)
• Mental Disorders
• Limited Education
• Weight Control
• Aggressive Marketing
• Stress
• Addiction nicotine, just as addictive as
  heroin/cocaine

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Smoking and Race

• Native Americans and Alaska Natives have the
  highest rates of tobacco use
• AA men and Southeast Asian men also have a high
  smoking rate
• Asian-American and Hispanic women have the lowest
  rates of smoking
• Tobacco use higher white college students than
  among Hispanic, AA, and Asian students
• Tobacco is the substance most abused by Hispanic
  youth
• Smoking rates increase in Hispanic adults as they
  adopt the American culture.

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Smoking and Gender

• Women have greater risk for illnesses, and smoke
  longer
• Lung cancer kills more women than breast cancer
• Women who smoke are more likely to develop
  osteoporosis
• Women are less fertile
• Smoking during pregnancy increases risk of
  miscarriage
• Men more at risk for aggressive prostate cancer
• Men exhibit erectile dysfunction (impotence)
• Risk for developing rheumatoid arthritis in men
• Affects male hormones, and reduced blood flow to
  penis

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Other Forms of Tobacco

• 1. Cigars - can lead to nicotine addiction, the
  nicotine can vary from an amount of 1 cigarette
  to a pack or more of cigarettes.
• 2. Clove cigarette - typically contain 2/3
  tobacco and 1/3 clove.
• gtMay be more harmful than cigarettes.
• gtThey have twice as much nicotine, tar and
  carbon monoxide.
• 3. Bidis (beedees) - skinny brown sweet flavored
  cigarettes.
• gtContain less tobacco but tobacco is more
  potent.
• gtHas about 3x the nicotine and carbon monoxide
  and 5x the tar than from filtered cigarettes.

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• 4. Pipes - still can get cancer of mouth, larynx,
  throat, and esophagus
• 5. Smokeless tobacco
• gtsnuff finely ground tobacco sniffed or placed
  inside the cheek or lip and sucked (dip)
• gtchewing tobacco leaves mixed w/flavoring
  agents(molasses)
• gt22 of college men use smokeless tobacco,
  lowest in the northeast, and highest in the
  south-central region.(not in book)
• gtLinked to cancers of lip, pharynx, larynx, and
  esophagus.
• gtContains carcinogens

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Environmental Tobacco Smoke

• Mainstream smoke - what the smoker inhales
• Sidestream smoke - what the non-smoker inhales
  (second hand smoke) It has twice as much tar and
  nicotine, 5x as much carbon monoxide, and 50x as
  much ammonia.
• Quitting
• 50 of smokers want to quit, but 7 succeed.
• More than 90 of former smokers quit on their
  own.
• American Cancer Society has programs, Nicotine
  Replacement Therapy (patches, gum), Prescription
  products (inhaler, and nasal spray.
• (GREAT AMERICAN SMOKEOUT, THURSDAY,
  NOVEMBER 15, 2007)