Drugs/Addiction

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Drugs/Addiction

• Mrs. Gennaro

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Prescription Medicine

• Prescription Medicine- Medicines that are
  dispensed only with the written approval of a
  licensed physician or nurse-practitioner.
• Pharmacist dispenses these medicine.
• Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines- Medicines you
  can buy without a doctors prescription.
• These medications can be used to make highly
  addictive, illegal drugs.

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Katie Couric Video

• http//www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id3541371n

• http//www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id3541371n
• http//www.mensvarifocalglasses.co.uk/151/eye-to-e
  ye-with-katie-couric-rx-drug-abuse-cbs-news/

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(No Transcript)
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Prescription Medicine

• Medicine Misuse- Using a medicine in ways other
  than the intended use
• Failing to follow instructions on or in the
  package
• Giving a prescription to a person for whom it was
  not prescribed (taking another persons medicine)
• Taking too much or too little
• Taking medicine for longer or shorter period than
  prescribed or recommended
• Mixing medicines without the knowledge or
  approval of your doctor

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Prescription Medicine

• Medicine Abuse- Intentionally taking medications
  for non-medical reasons.
• To lose weight or stay awake while studying
• To fit in with peers (Pill parties)
• Taking medicine that is prescribed to someone
  else
• Drug overdose- A strong sometimes fatal reaction
  to taking a large amount of a drug.

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Tobacco

• Mrs. Gennaro

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Nicotine/Carcinogen

• Addictive Drug- Substance that causes
  physiological or psychological dependence.
• Nicotine- Addictive drug found in tobacco leaves
• Stimulant- Drug that increases the action of the
  central nervous system, the heart, and other
  organs.
• Nicotine is a stimulant
• It raises blood pressure and increases the heart
  rate

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Tobacco

• Tobacco is an addictive and toxic drug.
• Its a Carcinogen- A cancer-causing substance.

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Whats in tobacco smoke?

• Tar- Thick, sticky, dark fluid, produced when
  tobacco burns.
• Tar damages a smokers respiratory system by
  paralyzing and destroying cilia, the tiny hair
  like structures that line the upper airways and
  protect the body against infection
• Tar also destroys the alveoli or air sacs, which
  absorb oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide.

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Whats in tobacco smoke?

• Carbon Monoxide- Colorless, odorless, and
  poisonous gas
• Carbon monoxide deprives the bodys tissues and
  cells of oxygen.
• Carbon monoxide increases the risk of
• High blood pressure
• Heart disease
• Hardening of the arteries
• Other circulatory problems

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Whats in a cigarette?
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Other than cigarettes

• Cigars- Contain significantly more nicotine and
  produce more tar and carbon monoxide than
  cigarettes.
• One cigar contains as much nicotine as an entire
  pack of 20 cigarettes.
• Pipe and cigar smokers also increase the risk of
  developing cancers of the lips, mouth, throat,
  larynx, lungs, and esophagus.

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Smokeless Tobacco?

• Smokeless Tobacco- Tobacco that is sniffed
  through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed.
• Smokeless (spit) tobacco products are not a safe
  alternative to smoking
• Nicotine and carcinogens in these products are
  absorbed into the blood through the mucous
  membranes in the mouth or the digestive track
• The harmful chemicals of smokeless tobacco are
  absorbed into the body at levels up to 3 times
  longer than that of a smoked cigarette.
• Leukoplakia- Thickened, white, leathery-looking
  spots on the inside of the mouth that can deelop
  into oral cancer.

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Effects of Tobacco Use

• Short-Term Effects-
• Brain chemistry changes- Nicotine causes the body
  to crave more of the drug. May experience
  withdrawal symptoms (headaches, nervousness, and
  trembling)
• Respiration and heart rate increase- Breathing
  during physical activity becomes difficult and
  endurance is decreased (may cause irregular heart
  rate)
• Taste buds dulled/ appetite reduced- Lose much
  ability to enjoy foods
• Bad breath, yellowed teeth, smelly hair, skin and
  clothes- Continuous tobacco use leads to
  permanent unattractive effects

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Effects of Tobacco Use

• Long-Term Effects- Overtime tobacco use can cause
  damage to may body systems
• People who are exposed to others who smoke can
  also suffer many health problems
• Chronic Bronchitis- Occurs when the cilia in the
  bronchi become so damaged they are useless (tar
  builds up in the lungs causing chronic coughing
  and excessive mucus secretion
• Emphysema- Disease that destroys the tiny air
  sacs in the lungs. The air sacs become less
  elastic, making it more difficult for the lungs
  to absorb oxygen
• A person with emphysema uses up to 80 of there
  energy just to breathe

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More Long-Term Effects

• Lung Cancer- Develops when the cilia in the
  bronchi are destroyed. Cancerous cells can
  multiply, block the bronchi, and move to the
  lungs.
• Nearly 90 of lung cancer deaths are caused by
  smoking
• Coronary heart disease and stroke- Caused by
  nicotine.
• Nicotine constricts blood vessels (cuts down on
  blood flow to limbs)
• Nicotine also contributes to plaque build up in
  the blood vessels, which can lead to hardened
  arteries called Arteriosclerosis
• Weakened Immune system- Long-term tobacco use
  makes the body more vulnerable to disease.

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Other Drug Categories

• Psychoactive Drugs- Alter perception, thought,
  and mood- Could create illusions in the mind
• Some consequences
• Side effects
• Overdoes
• Aids and hepatitis
• Stillborn Children
• Depressants- Slows down the heart and breathing
  rates, lowers blood pressure, relaxes muscles,
  and relieves tension
• Types
• Alcohol
• Tranquilizers
• Narcotics- (Opium, codeine, or morphine)

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Other Drug Categories

• Stimulants- Increases heart rate, blood pressure,
  and breathing rates.
• Types
• Amphetamines
• Cocaine
• Crack
• (Gives a feeling of excitement and being alert)
• Hallucinogens- Alerts perception, thought and
  mood
• Types
• LSD
• PCP
• Marijuana
• Inhalants- Enter the blood stream directly from
  the lungs
• Major damages to the kidneys, liver, bone marrow,
  and brain

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Alcohol

• Mrs. Gennaro

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Facts about Alcohol

• Ethanol- The type of alcohol in alcoholic
  beverages.
• Powerful and additive drug
• Fermentation- Chemical action of yeast on sugars

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Effects of Alcohol Consumption

• Alcohol is a Depressant (even though the initial
  reaction of alcohol tries to mask its true
  effects)
• Intoxication- The state in which the body is
  poisoned by alcohol or another substance and the
  persons physical and mental control is
  significantly reduced.
• Alcohol Abuse- Excessive use of alcohol

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Depressants

• Slow down the heart and breathing rates.
• Lowers blood pressure
• Relaxes muscles and relieves tension
• Some other depressants
• Tranquilizers
• Narcotics (opium, codeine, or morphine)

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Overview

• Problems associated with alcohol
• Confusion
• Decreased Alertness
• Poor Coordination
• Blurred Vision
• Drowsiness
• Blackouts
• Death
• Problems associated with alcohol (in the body)
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
• Addiction/Alcoholism
• Liver damage (cirrhosis and hepatitis)

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Driving Under the Influence

• Blood alcohol concentration (BAC)- Amount of
  alcohol in a persons blood, expressed as a
  percentage.
• DUI or DWI
• DUI-Driving Under the Influence
• Driving While Intoxicated

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Blood Alcohol Concentration Levels
Body weight in pounds Body weight in pounds Body weight in pounds Body weight in pounds Body weight in pounds Body weight in pounds
Drinks per hour 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
1 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02
2 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04
3 0.14 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06
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Blood Alcohol Concentration Calculation
Hour 1 2
Number of Drinks 2 1
BAC at start of hour A. 0.00 E. 0.06
BAC from table B. 0.08 0.04
BAC (StartTable) C. 0.08 F. 0.10
Alcohol processed D. -0.02 -0.02
BAC at end of hour E. 0.06 G. 0.08
A subtraction of 0.02 is made because that is
the body breaking down some of the alcohol.
For ages 18-22 a blood alcohol level of .02 is
considered illegal. A blood alcohol level of
.08 and above is considered the illegal.
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Questions to talk about together

• Why do you think some teens experiment with
  alcohol even though underage drinking is illegal
  and unsafe?
• What can adults do to discourage drinking among
  teens?
• What responsibility do you think teens have to
  discourage their friends from drinking? Their
  Classmates? Other teens who they might not even
  know?

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What Influences Alcohol Use

• Peer Pressure
• Family
• Media Messages

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Alcohol and the Law

• If under 21 it is illegal to
• Buy
• Possess
• Consume
• Teens who break the law can be
• Arrested
• Fined
• Sentenced to a youth detention cetner

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Alcohol and violence

• Teens who drink alcohol are more likely to be
  victims or perpetrators of
• Violent Crimes (Rape)
• Aggravated Assault
• Robbery
• They are also more likely to be involved in
  fights, resulting in school or police attention

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Short-term Effects of Drinking
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Consequences

• Consequences of DUI or DWI-
• Harm to the driver and others
• Severely restricted driving privileges and/or
  immediate confiscation of drivers license
• Alcohol-related injuries, property damage, and
  death
• Living with regret and remorse from these
  consequences
• Loss of parental trust and respect
• Arrest, jail time, court appearance, and a heavy
  fine or bail
• A police record and possible lawsuits
• Higher insurance rates- Up to 3 times higher than
  those for non-drinking peers

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Alcohol and Sexual Activity

• Alcohol use and sexual activity are a dangerous
  mixture.
• Alcohol impairs judgment and lowers inhibitions
  and compromises moral standards

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Alcohol

• Binge Drinking- Drinking 5 or more alcoholic
  drinks at one sitting
• Sometimes done on a bet or dare
• Alcohol Poisoning- Sever and potentially fatal
  physical reaction to an alcohol overdose

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Effects of Alcohol Poisoning

• Symptoms that indicate alcohol poisoning include
• Mental confusion, coma, inability to be roused,
  vomiting, and seizures
• Slow respiration-10 seconds between breaths or
  fewer than 8 breaths a minute
• Irregular heartbeat
• Hypothermia or low body temperature- pale or
  bluish skin color
• Sever dehydration from vomiting

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Alcohol

• Alcoholism- A disease in which a person has a
  physical or psychological dependence on drinking
  that contain alcohol.
• Alcoholic- An addict who is dependent on alcohol

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Stages of Alcoholism

• Stage 1- Abuse
• Alcoholism may begin with social drinking. A
  physical and psychological dependence develops.
  (Person may experience memory loss and blackouts
  and may begin to lie or make excuses to justify
  his or her drinking.
• Stage 2-Dependense
• The person cannot stop drinking and is physically
  dependent on alcohol. Drinker tries to hide the
  problem, but performance on the job, at school,
  and at home suffers.
• Stage 3- Addiction
• Final stage of alcoholism. The liver may be
  already damaged, and so less alcohol may be
  required to cause drunkenness. (If the alcoholic
  stopped drinking, he or she would experience
  severe withdrawal symptoms.

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Steps to Recovery

• Step 1- Admission
• Person admits to having a drinking problem and
  asks for help.
• Step 2- Detoxification
• Person goes through detoxification, a process in
  which the body adjusts to functioning without
  alcohol.
• Step 3- Counseling
• Person receives counseling to help him or her
  learn to change behaviors and live without
  alcohol.
• Step 4- Recovery
• Person takes responsibility for his or her own
  life.

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Drinking while pregnant

• Drinking during the first few weeks of pregnancy
  can be especially harmful to a babys central
  nervous system.
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)- A group of
  alcohol-related birth defects that include
  physical and mental problems
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome are both severe and
  lasting.

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Alcoholics might display

• Craving- A strong need to drink
• Loss of control- Cannot limit drinking
• Physical dependence- May experience withdrawal
  symptoms- nausea, sweating, shakiness, and
  anxiety
• Tolerance- Alcohol amount increases to feel its
  effects
• Health, family, and legal problems- driving
  citations increase, arguments increase, poor
  relationships with family

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Examples of Anti-Drinking
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Where to get help for Alcohol Abuse