The High Renaissance in Italy: Da Vinci

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The High Renaissance in Italy Da Vinci Raphael
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• High Renaissance culmination of the Renaissance
  goals
• No more pondering art of antiquity used these
  skills to go THEIR OWN WAY

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• Leonardo da Vinci superb master of line,
  pioneer of sfumato, inventor, naturalist, and
  painter of the souls intent.
• Raphael younger master painter who incorporated
  elements of Leonardo and Michelangelo into his
  own unique style.
• TomorrowMichelangelo!

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What happened to Florence?

• Lorenzo de Medici the magnificent - died in
  1492
• Savonarola
• Many were willing to listen to him, and the
  powerful Medici were expelled
• Artists then fled to Rome

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Papal Rome

• High Renaissance centered in Papal ROME
• Due to wealthy patronage
• previously in Florence
• Patrons of the arts
• Wealthy, private individuals
• Very wealthy families
• Pope Julius II (ALL popes pretty much tried to
  outdo each other in commissioning grand works of
  art)

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Leonardo da Vinci

• Italian Renaissance Man
• a scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor,
  anatomist, painter, sculptor, architect,
  botanist, musician and writer
• Invented a helicopter, a tank, concentrated solar
  power, a calculator, and outlined a rudimentary
  theory of plate tectonics
• Studied human anatomy (which was ILLEGAL unless
  you were a doctor!)
• Primarily known as a painter trained in Florence
  (worked in other locations)

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LEONARDO DA VINCI, Madonna of the Rocks, from San
Francesco Grande, Milan, Italy 1483. Oil on wood
(transferred to canvas) 6 6 1/2 x 4. Louvre,
Paris.
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• Pyramidal composition
• Chiaroscuro
• Atmospheric perspective
• 2 versions of this paintingoriginally as an
  altarpiece for the Confraternity in Milan but
  sold it first to the French King. Then he made a
  second to deliver.

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LEONARDO DA VINCI, Last Supper, ca. 14951498.
Oil and tempera on plaster, 13 9 x 29 10.
Refectory, Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan
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1 point perspectivemanipulates the viewer and
also places Jesus at the vanishing point (he
soon will vanish)
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Sforza coat of arms
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The Last Supper (1498)

• Acclaimed as a masterpiece of design and
  characterization
• Deteriorated rapidly, so that within 60 years it
  was described by Vasari as already ruined
• WHY???
• Leonardo, did not use fresco but instead used
  tempera over gessoa surface which has been
  subject to mold and flaking

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P
John
Judas
Triangle
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DRAMA!
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• Number 3the Holy Trinity.
• The Apostles are seated in groupings of three
• There are three windows behind Jesus
• The shape of Jesus' figure resembles a triangle
• Controversies
• John is actually Mary Magdalene
• The bread on the table is placed like musical
  notes and its a composition

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• LEONARDO DA VINCI,
• Mona Lisa,
• ca. 15031505.
• Oil on wood,
• 2 6 1/4 x 1 9.
• Louvre, Paris

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The Mona Lisa"la Gioconda-Lisa Gherardini del
Giocondo

• Ambiguity of the sitter's expression
• Sfumato (smoky varnish) and atomspheric
  perspective
• One of the 1st to depict the sitter before an
  imaginary landscape.
• Was stolen in 1911, doused with acid in 1956, and
  a rock was thrown at it that same year

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• represents an ideal
• rather than a real woman
• Sense of overall harmony Link connecting
  humanity and nature

Position of hands virtuous and faithful
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• Taken out of its frame at one point
• It warped and a crack happened
• She is now behind bullet-proof glass

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Leonardo da VinciGinevra de' Benci, c.
1474-1478oil on panel15.3 14.4 National
Gallery of Art, Washington

• Extremely intelligent, aristocratic young lady
  (about 17 yrs.)
• Marriage portrait
• Arms/hands missing

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• Beauty adorns Virtue

• Italian word for juniper is "ginepro"
• Juniper symbol for chastity

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Vitruvian Man c. 1490 Ink 13.5 x 95/8 Venice
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Leonardo da Vinci Virgin and Saint Anne with the
Christ Child and Young John the Baptist c.1500,
charcoal heightened with white on brown paper 55
½ x 41 The National Gallery, London
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large drawing or cartoon full-size preparatory
study for a painting. Never been used to transfer
a design onto a panel. Chiaroscuro! Contrast of
light and dark (moves your eye)
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LEONARDO DA VINCI, The Fetus and Lining of the
Uterus, ca. 15111513. wash, over red chalk and
traces of black chalk on paper, 1 8 5/8.
Royal Library, Windsor Castle.
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Raphael

• One of the trifecta of High Ren. Artists
• Moved from Urbino, to Florence to Rome
• Commission for the School of Athens at the
  Vatican is his largest and most well-known
• Was a playboy
• Not as influential in his own time
• But did influence 17th-19th C. art

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Raphael The Small Cowper Madonna c. 1505 Oil on
wood 23 3/8 x 17 3/8 National Gallery of Art,
Washington DC
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The Raphael Roomsor Stanze at the Vatican

• Most famous room is the Stanza della Segnatura
  (popes library)
• regarded as his greatest masterpiece, containing
  The School of Athens, The Parnassus and the
  Disputa (group of 4 paintings)
• Depicts distinct themes of knowledge -
  Philosophy, Poetry (including Music), Theology,
  Law
• Raphael was clearly influenced by Michelangelo's
  Sistine Chapel ceiling

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Raphael, The School of Athens, fresco in the
Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican, Rome c.
1510-1511 19 x 27
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The School of Athens (1509-1510)

• Depicts theme of knowledge PHILOSPHY
• Most of the Greek philosophers are depicted in
  the painting
• variety of human figures
• "mental states by physical actions
• grouped in a "polyphony" unlike anything in
  earlier art

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Perspective Architecture

• center of the fresco is the vanishing point
  between the two main subjects
• Plato on the left
• Aristotle, his student, on the right
• The two central figures gesture along different
  dimensions
• --Plato vertically abstract world of ideas
• Aristotleoutward, palm downobserve natural
  world
• Bramante helped Raphael with the architecture in
  the painting

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Plato
Aristotle
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Michelangelo as Heraclitus (melancholy
Philosopher)added after.
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EuclidGreek mathematician (geometry)
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PythagorasGreek mathematician (geometry)
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Apolloreason
Minervawisdom
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Self-portrait
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Read about me on page 667!
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Portrait of a Young Woman (La fornarina) Raphael 1
518-1519 Oil on wood
Myrtle reference to Venus
Armband reads Raphael
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TOMORROW!