The World of Plant Classification

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The World of Plant Classification
An Unusual Angiosperm
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Table 29.1 Ten Phyla of Extant Plants
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Figure 29.1 Some highlights of plant evolution
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Figure 29.6 Alternation of generations a
generalized scheme
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Figure 30.1 Three variations on
gametophyte/sporophyte relationships
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Figure 29.15 Bryophytes
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Figure 29.15x1 Hornwort
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Figure 29.15x2 Quillwort
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Figure 29.9 Gametangia Archegonium of
Marchantia (left), Anteridium of a hornwort
(right)
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Figure 29.16 The life cycle of Polytrichum, a
moss (Layer 1)
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Figure 29.16 The life cycle of Polytrichum, a
moss (Layer 2)
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Figure 29.16 The life cycle of Polytrichum, a
moss (Layer 3)
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Figure 29.16x Moss life cycle
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Figure 29.x1 Polytrichum moss leaf section
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Figure 29.18 A moss sporangium with a
spore-shaker tip
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Figure 29.19 Sphagnum, or peat moss Peat bog in
Oneida County, Wisconsin (top), closeup of
Sphagnum (bottom left), Sphagnum "leaf" (bottom
right)
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Figure 29.19x A peat moss bog in Norway
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Figure 29.0 Ferns
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Figure 29.11 Xylem and phloem in the stem of
Polypodium, a fern (a pteridophyte)
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Figure 29.21 Pteridophytes club "moss" (top
left), whisk fern (top right), horsetail (bottom
left), fern (bottom right)
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Figure 29.21x1 Lycophyte
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Figure 29.21x2 Horsetail
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Figure 29.23 The life cycle of a fern
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Figure 29.23x1 Life cycle of a fern mature fern
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Figure 29.23x2 Life cycle of a fern sorus
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Figure 29.23x3 Life cycle of a fern sporangium
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Figure 29.23x4 Life cycle of a fern mature
sporangium
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Figure 29.23x5 Life cycle of a fern germinating
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Figure 29.23x6 Life cycle of a fern gametophyte
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Figure 29.23x7 Life cycle of a fern archegonia
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Figure 29.23x8 Life cycle of a fern sporophytes
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Figure 29.24a Fern sporophyll, a leaf
specialized for spore production
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Figure 29.24b Fern sporophyll, a leaf
specialized for spore production
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Figure 29.24c Fern sporophyll, a leaf
specialized for spore production
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Figure 29.25 Artists conception of a
Carboniferous forest based on fossil evidence
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Figure 30.4 Hypothetical phylogeny of the seed
plants
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Figure 30.0 Seed fossil
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Figure 30.3 Winged seed of a White Pine (Pinus
strobus)
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Figure 30.5a Phylum Ginkgophyta Ginkgo biloba
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Figure 30.5c Phylum Ginkgophyta Ginkgo biloba
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Figure 30.5x1 Ginkgo Male (left), female (right)
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Figure 30.5x2 Ginkgo sperm
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Figure 30.6 Phylum Cycadophyta cycads
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Figure 30.7a Phylum Gnetophyta Welwitschia
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Figure 30.7b Phylum Gnetophyta Gnetum
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Figure 30.7c Phylum Gnetophyta Ephedra
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Figure 30.8a Phylum Coniferophyta Douglas fir
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Figure 30.8b Phylum Coniferophyta Sequoia
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Figure 30.8bx Sequoias
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Figure 30.8c Phylum Coniferophyta Cypress
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Figure 30.8d Phylum Coniferophyta Pacific yew
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Figure 30.8e Phylum Coniferophyta Common juniper
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Figure 30.8f Phylum Coniferophyta A pine farm
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Figure 30.8g Phylum Coniferophyta Wollemia pine
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Figure 30.8x1 Bristlecone Pine
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Figure 30.8x2 Frasier fir
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Figure 30.9 The life cycle of a pine (Layer 1)
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Figure 30.9 The life cycle of a pine (Layer 2)
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Figure 30.9 The life cycle of a pine (Layer 3)
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Figure 30.10 A closer look at pine cones (Pinus
sp.)
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Figure 30.10x1 Pine Sporangium with spores
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Figure 30.10x2 Pine pollen
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Figure 30.10x3 Pine embryo
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Figure 30.11 Representatives of major angiosperm
clades
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Figure 30.13a The structure of a flower
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Figure 30.15 Relationship between a pea flower
and a fruit (pea pod)
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Figure 30.16 Fruit adaptations that enhance seed
dispersal Red berries (left), dandelion (right)
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Figure 30.16x1 Dandelion seed dispersal
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Figure 30.16x2 A bird eating berries containing
seeds that will be dispersed later with the
animal's feces
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Table 30.1 Classification of Fleshy Fruits
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Figure 30.17 The life cycle of an angiosperm
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Figure 30.18 Flower-pollinator relationships
Scottish broom flower and honeybee (left),
hummingbird (top right), baobab tree and bat
(bottom right)
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Table 30.2 A Sampling of Medicines Derived from
Plants