The Garden City Movement - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 26
About This Presentation
Title:

The Garden City Movement

Description:

The Garden City Movement What were the principles on which The Garden City Movement were founded? To what extent did those principles become applied in practice? – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:2053
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 27
Provided by: EmilyS56
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: The Garden City Movement


1
The Garden City Movement
2
  • What were the principles on which The Garden City
    Movement were founded?
  • To what extent did those principles become
    applied in practice?
  • In what ways was the Garden City Movement
    formative?

3
Ebenezer Howard 1850 - 1928
  • Son of trades people
  • Was quite well educated
  • Expected to become a rural worker
  • Became a shorthand writer for parliament
  • Travelled to America Nebraska and Chicago

4
(No Transcript)
5
What provoked Howards ideas?
  • Rapid unplanned urban growth
  • Anti Urbanism
  • Improve living conditions for the working class
  • George Cadbury
  • Lord Leverhulme
  • Joseph Rowntree
  • Land ownership
  • Create a city that provides the people within the
    city with what they need

6
(No Transcript)
7
The Garden City Proposal
  • 6000 acres
  • 5000 for agriculture and 2000 people
  • 1000 in the city for 30,000 people
  • Low rent on land - Agricultural
  • Dividends on the land would be paid out
  • Create a place that combines city life and rural
    life
  • Eliminate slums

8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
  • His garden cities were envisaged with much
    higher residential densities than the kind of
    urban expansion along traffic routes that became
    known as suburban sprawl. They were conceived
    as a cluster, separated by a green belt, around a
    central city providing those facilities that
    individual towns could not supply, in a
    poly-nucleated settlement pattern of city
    regions.
  • Ward, C. (1993) New Town, Home Town, the lessons
    of experience, London Calouste Gulbenkian
    Foundation

11
(No Transcript)
12
Garden City Association
  • Founded by Ebenezer Howard 1899
  • Alfred Russell Wallace
  • Ralph Neville
  • George Cadbury
  • Lord Leverhulme
  • He wanted to push forward his Garden City Idea
  • Is now the Town and Country Planning Association

13
Unwin and Parker
  • Employed as architects because no action was
    being taken
  • Commissioned to prepare a plan of Letchworth
    based on their interpretation of Howards Proposals

14
(No Transcript)
15
Letchworth
  • Low population
  • 1905 population was 1400
  • 1907 population was 2800
  • 1908 population was 5600
  • Slow growth until munitions factory was built
    there in 1914
  • Means the housing increases in value

16
Did Letchworth follow Howards proposals?
  • 3800 acres
  • Less green space
  • Industry was on the outskirts
  • Not part of a network but still a start
  • The British towns of the postwar period
    incorporated some garden city features but were
    nevertheless far removed from Howards original
    proposals
  • Ward, S.V (1992) 1st ed. The Garden City, Past,
    Present and future. London Chapman and Hall.

17
  • There was never a network created
  • 1917 manifesto written by the Garden Cities
    Association to get 100 more garden cities built
  • 1918 Howard brought his own land and appointed
    Louis de Soissons to create the plan Welwyn

18
The Barnetts
  • Canon Leonard and Henrietta Barnett
  • Saw the evils of poverty
  • Garden suburbs were a result of the Garden City
    Movement
  • Hampstead garden Suburb 1906
  • Unwin and Parker were appointed architects.
  • Suburbs werent seen to solve unemployment
    problems there for was a betrayal of the garden
    city ideal

19
(No Transcript)
20
Unwin and Parker.
  • Cul-de-sacs
  • Revived cottage style
  • architecture
  • Wanted to encourage
  • a sense of community

21
Satellite Towns
  • Residential areas without obvious local
    employment
  • Based around garden city proposals
  • Helped with the suburbanization of London
  • Unwins housing work for the Ministry of Health
    who was still reinforcing the idea of the garden
    suburb
  • Unwin was appointed chief advisor to the Greater
    London Regional planning committee

22
Satellite towns
  • To be developed within a 12 mile radius of London
  • Helped with decentralization
  • Socially and economically self contained towns
  • Influenced by Howards theories

23
(No Transcript)
24
Ideas maintained today.
  • Low density housing
  • Cheaper due to lower road costs and sewer system
    costs
  • Block planning instead of street planning
  • Combining urban and rural housing

25
Summary
  • Ebenezer Howard proposes a new garden city to
    improve living conditions for the working class.
  • Unwin and Parker are appointed architects.
  • Letchworth and Welwyn were built
  • didnt match the original proposal but were
    inspired by it
  • The Barnetts created the Garden Suburb.
  • This lead to the development of Satellite towns.

26
References
  • Beevers, Robert, (1988) The garden city utopia
    a critical biography of Ebenezer Howard London
    Macmillan
  • Ward, S.V (1992) 1st ed. The Garden City, Past,
    Present and future. London Chapman and Hall.
  • Ward, C. (1993) New Town, Home Town, the lessons
    of experience, London Calouste Gulbenkian
    Foundation
  • Suburbs Or Satellite Towns The British Medical
    Journal, Vol. 2, No. 3417 (Jul. 3, 1926), pp.
    27-28
  • www.lgc.amolad.net/heritage/index-3.htm
  • www.geog.ed.ac.uk/homes/tslater/Anit-Urbanism.pdf
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com