City Beautification Project Nanded City

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City Beautification Project Nanded City

• By
• Prof. S. L. Dhingra
• IIT Bombay
• http//www.civil.iitb.ac.in/dhingra

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Overview

• Introduction
• Beautification of City - Case Studies
• Road Side Amenities
• Traffic Management
• Traffic Control Devices
• Parking Management
• Conclusion
• References

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Introduction

• Nanded, a well known Sikh Pilgrimage Center
• One of the Five Sikh Takhats is located here
  named as Hazur Sahib
• A famous gurudwara at Nanded, a replica of the
  golden temple of Amritsar will be celebrating 300
  years in 2008
• There will be expectancy of millions peoples to
  be arrive for this event
• Proper event management should be done to
  complete this event successfully

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Nanded City
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Beautification of City Case Studies
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Chandigarh

• Called The City Beautiful serves as a capital of
  two states Punjab and Haryana
• Le Corbusier produced a plan for Chandigarh that
  confirmed to the modern city planning principles,
  and a hierarchy of road and pedestrian networks
• Divided the city into units called 'sectors',
  each representing a theoretically self-sufficient
  entity with space for living, working and leisure

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Chandigarh

• The sectors were linked to each other by a road
  and path network developed along the line of the
  7 Vs, or a hierarchy of seven types of
  circulation patterns
• The city plan is laid down in grid pattern
• The sectors were to act as self-sufficient
  neighborhoods, each with its own market, places
  of worship, schools and colleges - all within 10
  minutes walking distance from within the sector

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Chandigarh

• The original two phases of the plan delineated
  sectors from 1 to 47, with the exception of 13
• The city was to be surrounded by a 16 kilometer
  greenbelt that was to ensure that no development
  could take place in the immediate vicinity of the
  town, thus checking suburbs and urban sprawl

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Chandigarh

• One of the unusual and popular features of
  Chandigarh is the Rock Garden of Chandigarh
• Chandigarh IT Park (also called Kishangarh IT
  Park) is the city's attempt to break into the IT
  world
• Divided into identical looking sectors, each
  sector measures 800m x 1200m. The sectors were to
  act as self-sufficient neighborhoods, each with
  its own market, places of worship, schools and
  colleges

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Chandigarh City Map
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Sector 17 Citys Heart and Retail Centre
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Nagpur

• Winter capital of the state of Maharashtra
• Affectionately called as Orange city and also
  declared as a second Green city of India
• Planning process implemented by Dr. T.
  Chandrasekhar put the road network of Nagpur city
  in very good condition

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To Delhi
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Thane Landmark Development

• Received Clean City Award from HUDCO India for
  1999-2000
• Widened 133 city roads (195 kms) under the IRDP
• Used Bio-remediation process for cleaning two
  main lakes transforming them from dumping pools
  to scenic beautiful picnic spots
• Beautification of junctions by providing
  fountains, channelizers, green chowks,
  illuminations etc.

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Thane City
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Thane Landmark Development (Cont)

• Citys health solid waste management development
  ensures cleanliness on roads, gutters at the
  public places etc.
• Independent Pollution Control Department to check
  air water quality through its monitoring
  stations
• Welcome Gates, Auditorium, swimming pools,
  stadium, open grounds, gardens, high mast
  lighting are some of the other areas where The
  TMC has created landmarks
• Maintaining and creating green cover. More then 3
  lakhs have been planted with a survival rate of
  90

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Ujjain

• One of the seven sacred cities of the Hindus, and
  the Kumbh Mela religious festival is held there
  every twelve years
• Last Kumbh Mela was held at Ujjain in April,
  2004

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Location of Kumbh Mela
To Indore
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Event Management for April, 2004

• At a time, for 6000 peoples on the ghats, with
  the help of volunteers, each pilgrims took bath
  to six minutes, meaning 250,000 took bath in one
  hour
• For million peoples visited ujjain in 2004,
  artificial long roads were created in 20 hectres
  of field near the ghats for holding capacity of
  one million
• With this plan, 1.4 million peoples were managed
  at a time, and 5 million peoples were handled
  during a day

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Event Management for April, 2004 (Cont)

• Arrangement was made in such a way that
  individual pilgrim needs to walk at most one
  kilometer and wait at most 2 hours
• All of this was observed through closed circuit
  video
• In addition to all this, mass transit was
  arranged so pilgrims can get to the major points
  of interest in Ujjain itself after their bath
• For big concern like Terrorism attack, 15000
  police, thats an entire army division, including
  25 commando teams were provided

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Solapur IRDP

• MSRDC is executing works of construction of roads
  and junction improvement under IRDP
• The VIP road constructed as a model road
• Plants which grow thick but not tall are provided
  to avoid glare of headlights of incoming vehicles
• Also flowering plants which grow tall
  particularly on either side of the road for
  improved aesthetics are also provided

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Road Side Amenities
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Road Side Amenities

• Footpath
• Arboriculture
• Landscaping
• Benches, Shelters, Drinking Water
• Toilets, Dust bins, etc.

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Footpath or Side Walks

• Provided in urban areas when the vehicular as
  well as pedestrian traffic are heavy, to provide
  protection to pedestrians and to decrease
  accidents
• Side walks are generally provided on either side
  of the road and the minimum width should be 1.5 m
  and the width may be increased based on the
  pedestrian traffic volume
• Provided with a surface as smooth as or even
  smoother than the adjacent traffic lane as to
  induce the pedestrian to keep on to the footpath

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Typical Cross Section of Urban Road
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Arboriculture

• Important aspects in road side development
• Trees provided on both sides of urban and rural
  road serve the following purposes
• To provide attractive landscape of road sides
• To provide shade to the road users
• To protect against moving sand in desert areas
• To provide fruit bearing trees and timber
• To intercept the annoying sound waves and fumes
  from road vehicles

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Arboriculture (Cont)

• In urban areas, the road side planting is mainly
  for the beauty or the landscape and therefore,
  tests of ornamental and flowering species are
  generally preferred
• On wide urban roads, the planting of shrubs is
  done on the medians or separators besides
  providing trees on road sides
• It is desired that the crowns of the trees
  planted on both sides of a road do not cover the
  complete carriageway

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Landscaping

• Landscape Planning is concerned with the
  demographic, aesthetic, ecological and functional
  aspects of land use
• Includes architecture design, site planning,
  estate development, environmental restoration,
  park and recreation planning, and historic
  preservation

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Principles of Landscaping

• Should help to preserve pleasing and
  aesthetically valuable features
• The road should follow the natural terrain and
  harmoniously blend with it
• Medians and rotary islands should be provided
  with flowering shrubs and plants
• Turfing or shoulders and slopes should be
  provided with flowering shrubs and plants

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Typical Cross Section of Urban Road with Footpath
and Landscaping
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Mumbai Pune Expressway
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Mumbai Pune Expressway
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Traffic Management
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Traffic Management

• Objectives of traffic management are to make
  productive use of road capacity and maximize
  safety
• It includes measures to manage the supply of road
  space aimed at improving road capacity and/or
  quality and/or safety
• Seeks to adjust, adapt, manage and improve the
  transport system to meet specified objectives

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Objectives of Traffic Management

• Facilitate and enable travel of people with ease,
  efficiency and safety
• Optimize system capacity (road and operating
  systems)
• Maximize safety
• Provide priority for public mass transport (bus)
  system
• Facilitate convenient and safe movement of
  pedestrians and non-motorised vehicles
• Minimize environmental pollution due to traffic

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Traffic Management Techniques

• Traffic circulation system
• Traffic control system
• Priority for public transport
• Pedestrian facilities
• Parking policy
• Accident care and incident management
• Installation of traffic signs and lane markings
• Improved street lighting
• Road pricing

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Traffic Circulation System

• The master plan for road links is to be developed
  to required lane widths as per estimated traffic
  volumes
• The circulation system along them need to be
  re-organized introducing one-ways, no way be mode
  type by time period, turning movements
  restrictions at intersections etc. to minimize
  conflicts, increase capacity and maximize safety

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Traffic Control System

• The directional movements of vehicles and
  pedestrians need to be regulated
• Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) need to
  be installed to regulate traffic based on real
  time flows
• Control systems need to accord priority for
  public transport modes
• They must be enable easy, convenient and safe
  movement of pedestrians

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Use of ITS

• For ensuring safety
• Using high resolution camera
• Road side detectors
• Variable message signs
• For improving the transport facility
• By providing real time arrival information system
  of transit buses
• Accident avoidance systems at turning points
• Incident management systems

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High Resolution Camera
Intelligent Traffic Lights
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Priority for Public Mass Transport

• High occupancy vehicles (HOVs), in particular
  buses, need to be given priority
• Objectives are to improve operational efficiency
  of the bus system, reduce travel time to bus
  users, promote modal shift to bus system,
  increase safety and reduce environmental pollution

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Parking Facilities

• In roadway transportation system, parking
  facilities form the terminal
• Parking facilities can be either on-street or
  off-street
• On street spaces near the sides of the roads
  where vehicles are allowed to park
• Off street spaces away from the main
  thoroughfare and connected to it through a
  service road

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On-street Parking Straight Parking
On-street Parking Skew Parking
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Off-street Parking
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Parking Demand

• Generated by the land use pattern in the vicinity
• This is an important variable as the average
  duration of parking gives an idea as to how
  frequently the same parking space can be used for
  parking different vehicles
• IRCSP12-1973 Recommendations
• For shops and markets, one parking space should
  be provided for every 80 sq.m of floor area
• For apartment houses (flats), one parking space
  for every two flats of 50 to 99 sq.m area

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Traffic Control Devices
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Traffic Control Devices

• Signs, including Variable Message Signs (VMS)
• Signals
• Markings
• Street lighting

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Road signs

• Proper road signs aid the drivers in reaching
  their destinations safely and efficiently
• Properly designated road signs improve safety by
• Instructing drivers on safe speeds
• Informing drivers on impending changes in road
  geometry
• Reducing driver confusion through clear signs on
  allowable traffic movement patterns

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Categories of Traffic signs

• Regulatory signs meant to inform the road users
  of certain laws, regulations and prohibitions
• Warning signs used to warn the road users to
  certain hazardous conditions that exist on or
  adjacent to the roadway
• Informatory signs used to guide the road users
  along routes, inform them of destination and
  distance and provide with information to make
  travel easier, safe and pleasant

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Variable Message Signs (VMS)

• Traffic control devices used to provide motorists
  en-route traveler information
• The information is most often displayed in
  real-time and can be controlled either from a
  remote centralized location or locally at the
  site
• designed to affect motorist behavior to improve
  traffic flow and operations
• The objective of providing the information is to
  allow the motorist time to avoid an incident,
  prepare for unavoidable conditions, or to give
  travel directions

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VMS
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Highway VMS
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Urban Signs
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Traffic Signals

• Control devices which could alternatively direct
  the traffic to sop and proceed at intersections
• Traffic control signals
• Fixed time signal
• Manually operated signal
• Smart Traffic Signals or technically
  Intelligent Transportation systems can
  actually sense when traffic volume are increasing
  and can adjust timing of their lights accordingly
• Pedestrian signal
• Special traffic signal

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Smart Traffic Signals
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Road/traffic Markings

• Made of lines, patterns, words, symbols or
  reflectors on the pavement, kerbs, sides of
  islands or on the fixed objects within or near
  the roadway
• Also called special signs intended to control,
  warn, guide or regulate the traffic
• The markings are made using paints in contrast
  with color and brightness of the pavement
• Light reflecting paints are commonly used for
  traffic markings

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Street Lighting

• Street Lighting is an important way of increasing
  road safety at night
• It also improves the quality of life for
  residents by deterring crime and making people
  more secure
• For safe night driving, it may be considered as
  an added facility to the road users

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Lighting Layouts

• Single side lighting economical to install, but
  suitable only for narrow roads
• Staggered lighting (both sides) adopted for
  wider roads with three or more lanes
• Central lighting adopted for wider roads with
  three or more lanes
• Note spacing of the lights is decided based on
  location, lamp size, height of mounting
  and lighting requirements

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Spacing 30 to 60m
Single Side Lighting
Staggered Lighting
Central Lighting
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Parking Management
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Parking Management

• Includes a variety of strategies that encourage
  more efficient use of existing parking
  facilities, improve the quality of service
  provided to parking facility users and improve
  parking facility design
• Address a wide range of transportation problems,
  and help achieve a variety of transportation,
  land use development, economic, environmental
  objectives. Specific Parking Management
  strategies

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Parking Management Strategies

• Shared parking parking spaces are shared by more
  than one user, allowing facilities to be used
  more efficiently
• Regulate parking facility use More convenient
  and visible parking spaces are managed and
  regulated to give priority to higher-value trips,
  increase efficiency and user convenience
• Parking maximums Establish maximum in addition
  or instead of minimum parking standards to avoid
  excessive parking supply

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Parking Management Strategies (Cont)

• Remote parking Encouraging longer-term parkers
  to use off-site or fringe parking facilities, so
  more convenient spaces are available for priority
  users
• Improving User Information and Marketing Provide
  convenient and accurate information on parking
  availability and price, using maps, signs,
  brochures and electronic communication

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Parking Management Strategies (Cont)

• Improved Walkability Improve pedestrian
  conditions to allow parkers to conveniently
  access more parking facilities, increasing the
  functional supply in an area
• Increase Capacity of Existing Parking Facilities
  More parking spaces can sometimes be provided by
  using currently wasted space, sizing spaces for
  smaller vehicles and motorcycles, and using car
  stackers

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Parking Management Strategies (Cont)

• Parking pricing Charge motorists directly for
  using parking facilities, and set fees to
  encourage efficient use of parking facilities
• Parking Facility Design and Management Improved
  parking facility design to address safety,
  stormwater management, user comfort, security and
  aesthetic objectives

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Typical Traffic Management Practices
Large City Small City Town/Suburb
Commercial center, on-street Priced high hourly rates Regulation some loading spaces with short time limits Priced medium rates Regulation 1-2 hour time limit Regulation 1-3 hour time limit
Commercial center, Public off-street Priced high hourly, daily and monthly rates Priced medium hourly, daily and monthly rates Regulation sometimes 1 hour free to customers Priced low monthly rates Regulation 2-3 hour time limit
Commercial center, Private off-street Priced High daily and monthly rates Priced Medium daily and monthly rates Regulation free to qualifying customers and employees Priced low monthly rates Regulation free to customers and employees
Near commercial center, On-street Regulation 1-3 hour Regulation 1-4 hour Unregulated
Residential Neighborhood, On-street Regulation Residents only, which may involve permits Unregulated Unregulated
Near special attractions (schools, parks, theatres, etc Regulation Residents only, Special management and enforcement during busy time periods Regulation Residents only, Special management and enforcement during busy time periods Regulation Residents only, Special management and enforcement during busy time periods
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Conclusion
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Conclusion

• For event which is going to happen in Nanded in
  2008
• Identify the corridors which is leading to the
  centre of major events
• Increase the capacity of these corridors by
  widening the roads based on expected traffic and
  with proper geometric design
• Do proper parking management with increasing
  capacity the existing parking facilities and also
  provide new parking facilities by considering
  parking demand

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Conclusion (Cont)

• Provide suitable traffic controlling devices to
  control, regulate, and guide traffic and
  pedestrians
• Wherever possible, provide variable message signs
  (VMS) at important locations
• Provide facilities like benches, shelters,
  drinking water, toilets, dust bins, etc. for the
  pilgrims who are visiting the event
• Also to take care of terrorist attack, adequate
  police force should be provided along with
  commando teams (can take help from army divisions)

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References
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References

• IRC93-1985 Guidelines on Design and Installation
  of Road Traffic Signals
• IRCSP32-1988 Road Safety for Children
• IRCSP44-1994 Highway Safety Code
• MORTH Manual for Safety in Road Design
• IRC67-2001 Code of Practice for Road Signs
• IRC79-1981 Recommended Practice for Road
  Delineators

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References

• IRCSP31-1992 New Traffic Signs
• IRC30-1968 Standard Letters and Numerals of
  Different Heights for Use on Highway Signs
• IRC35-1997 Code of Practice for Road Markings
  (with paints)
• IRCSP43-1994 Guidelines on Low-Cost Traffic
  Management Technique for Urban Areas
• IRC11-1962 Recommended Practice for the Design
  and Layout of Bicycles

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References

• IRC99-1988 Tentative Guidelines on the Provision
  of Speed Breakers for Control of Vehicular Speeds
  on Minor roads
• IRC103-1988 Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities
• IRCSP12-1973 Tentative Recommendations on the
  Provision of Parking Spaces for Urban Areas

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Thank You
Transportation Systems Engineering Department of
Civil Engineering IIT Bombay