Green Chemistry

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Green Chemistry
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Sponsored by
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Chemistry has an important role to play in
achieving a sustainable civilization on
earth. Dr. Terry Collins, Professor of
ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University
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Definition

• Green chemistry is the design of products and
  processes reducing or eliminating hazardous
  substances.
• Green Chemistry is a subset of Design for
  Environment applying innovative scientific
  solutions to product manufacturing.

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Definition An Industry Example

• Shaws Green Chemistry Goals
• Develop a sustainable thermopolymer platform for
  the future.
• Cradle to cradle sustainability of face fiber and
  backing100 of the product.
• No increase in price. No sacrifice of
  performance. No loss of design variety.

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GREEN CHEMISTRY SUPPORTS SUSTAINABILITY BY

• Making chemicals safe for our health
  environment,
• Using industrial processes that reduce or
  eliminate hazardous chemicals,

• Designing more efficient processes that minimize
  waste

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GREEN CHEMISTRY MEANS

• Preventing pollution before it happens rather
  than cleaning up the mess later.

• Saving companies money by using less energy and
  fewer/safer chemicals, thus reducing costs
  impacts of pollution.
• Mitigating climate change, water resource
  depletion, growing demands for safer food and
  cleaner energy

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Green Chemistry Principles

• Prevention it is best to prevent
  pollution/waste
• 2. Atom Economy synthetic methods should
  maximize the incorporation of all materials used
  in the process into the final product
• 3. Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses synthetic
  methods should use and generate non toxic
  substances

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Green Chemistry Principles 4,5,6

• Designing Safer Chemicals products should be
  nontoxic designed to effect their desired
  function
• Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries auxiliary
  substances (e.g., solvents, separation agents)
  should be avoided and innocuous when used
• Design for Energy Efficiency Run chemical
  reactions at ambient temperature and pressure

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Green Chemistry Principles 7,8

• 7. Use of Renewable Feedstocks raw material or
  feedstock should be renewable rather than
  depleting
• 8. Reduce Derivatives Avoid unnecessary
  derivatization (use of blocking groups,
  protection/deprotection, temporary modification
  of physical/chemical processes) because such
  steps require additional reagents and can
  generate waste

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Green Chemistry Principles 9,10

• Catalysis Catalytic reagents (as selective as
  possible) are superior to stoichiometric reagents
  which are used in excess and work only once
• 10. Design for Degradation Chemical products
  should be designed so that at the end of their
  function they break down into innocuous
  degradation products

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Green Chemistry Principles 11,12

• 11. Analyze in real time to prevent pollution
  Include in-process real-time monitoring and
  control during syntheses to minimize or eliminate
  byproducts
• 12. Minimize accidents Design chemicals and
  their forms (solid, liquid, gas) to minimize the
  potential for chemical accidents, releases,
  explosions, and fires

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Presidential Green Chemistry Award

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Recognizing Product ExcellencePresidential
Green Chemistry Award Recipient
Shaw EcoWorx Carpet Tile

• Sustainable thermo-plastic platform for the
  future.
• Closed-loop recovery of face yarn and all backing
  components.
• No increase in price and no loss of performance
  or variety.
• http//www.epa.gov/greenchemistry/dsca03.html

Shaw Industries is the worlds largest
manufacturer of carpets for home and business
and leader in sustainability.
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TetraAmidoMacrocyclic Ligand or TAML Activators
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The Design ProtocolThat Led to TAML Catalysts
2. Oxidize catalyst until cup breaks
1. Design molecular cup thought to be suitable
for attaining long-lived catalysts
3. Characterize broken cup and identify breaking
point

4. Modify weak site to be more robust
Designing Ligands for Oxidizing Complexes, T. J.
Collins Accounts Chem. Res., 1994, 27,
279-285. TAML Oxidant Activators A New
Approach to the Activation of H2O2 for
Environmentally Significant Problems, T. J.
Collins Accounts Chem. Res., 2002, 35, 782-790
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TAML Catalyst Features
formed from biochemically common elements
prototype exhibits v. low toxicity beginning
of dial-a-lifetime catalysis economical to
synthesize water-soluble usable from pH 1
to 13 efficient users of peroxide fast
peroxidase/slow catalase 10 US patents, gt70
counting foreign nationalizations effective
at 0.1 to 4 ppm nM to low mM amenable to
modifications for capturing novel selectivity
currently being produced for small scale
commercial uses
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TAML Activators Are Broadly Useful Oxidation
Catalysts
TEXTILES dye bleaching, effluent decolorization
PULP AND PAPER pulp bleaching, effluent AOX and
color removal
WATER CLEANING halogenated aromatics and organics
destruction
LAUNDRY Dye transfer inhibition, stain removal
PETROLEUM REFINING rapid oxidation of
sulfur contaminants, other uses
plus
CHEM/BIO DEFENSE Rapid destruction of
chem-bio warfare/terrorism agents
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Recognizing Product ExcellencePresidential
Green Chemistry Award Recipient

• Shaw EcoWorx Carpet
• PVC polyurethane substitute for carpet backing
• Made from nontoxic polyolefin
• Recyclable contains fewer harmful chemicals
• http//www.epa.gov/greenchemistry/dsca03.html

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EcoWorx Production
EcoWorx represented 70 of all carpet tile
production at Shaw by the end of 2003
In June 2004 Shaw announced it would exit PVC use
by year-end in favor of the EcoWorx sustainable
metallacene catalyzed polyolefin compound.
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EcoWorx Carpet Tile
Backing Chemistry
Fiber Chemistry

• LDPE - flexible base polymer
• HDPE/MAH - adhesion and filler compatibility
• Alaphatic tackifier - adhesion and flow
  modification
• Coal Fly Ash inorganic filler
• Oil adhesive compatibilizer

• Nylon 6 caprolac-tam monomer
• 25 postindustrial recycled content
• Over 20 million lbs of recovered nylon used in
  2003
• N6 depolymerization by Honey-well
• recovered caprolactam repolymerized

Grinding and airflow separate backing from fiber
for sustainable recycling
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IN SUMMARY,GREEN CHEMISTRY IS

• Scientifically sound
• Cost effective
• Leads toward a sustainable civilization

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For further information on real world green
chemistryhttp//www.chemistry.org/portal/a/c/s/1
/acsdisplay.html?DOCeducation\greenchem\cases.htm
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For introductory readings in green chemistry
http//www/chemistry.org/portal/a/c/s/1/ acsdispl
ay.html?DOCeducation\greenchem\greenreader.html
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Thanks to the Sponsors