The Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry

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The Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry

• as stated in
• Green Chemistry Theory and Practice
• P T Anastas and J C Warner, Oxford University
  Press, Oxford 1998

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• It is better to prevent waste than to treat or
  clean up waste after it is formed.

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2

• Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize
  the incorporation of all materials used in the
  process into the final product

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3

• Wherever practicable, synthetic methodologies
  should be designed to use and generate substances
  that possess little or no toxicity to human
  health and the environment

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Cyanide Spill 1999
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May 2006
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4

• Chemical products should be designed to preserve
  efficacy of function while reducing toxicity

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5

• The use of auxiliary substances (e.g. solvents,
  separation agents, etc.) should be made
  unnecessary wherever possible and, innocuous when
  used

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Decaffeinationin scCO2

• Well established commercially

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scCO2 Chemical Plant

• continuous
• multipurpose
• 1000 ton p.a.

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Ionic Liquids
R1 methyl, ethyl R2 C3 C10 alkyl, denzyl,
p-methylbenzyl, ethylbenzyl Are the toxic?
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• Energy requirements should be recognized for
  their environmental and economic impacts and
  should be minimized.
• Synthetic methods should be conducted at
  ambient temperature and pressure.

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22nd October 2005
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7

• A raw material or feedstock should be renewable
  rather than depleting wherever technically and
  economically practicable

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Why not make fibres from Sheep?
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Biofuels
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Sugar Cane
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8

• Unnecessary derivatization (blocking group,
  protection/deprotection, temporary modification
  of physical/chemical processes) should be avoided
  whenever possible

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9

• Catalytic reagents
• (as selective as possible) are superior to
  stoichiometric reagents

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• Chemical products should be designed so that at
  the end of their function they do not persist in
  the environment and break down into innocuous
  degradation products

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DDT
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• A mosquito was heard to complain
• that chemists had poisoned his brain.
• The cause of his sorrow
• was para-dichloro
• diphenyl trichloro-ethane.

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11

• Analytical methodologies need to be developed
  further to allow for real-time in-process
  monitoring and control prior to the formation of
  hazardous substances

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• Substances and the form of a substance used in a
  chemical process should be chosen so as to
  minimize the potential for chemical accidents,
  including releases, explosions, and fires

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Fork Lift Toluene ? Big Bang