Spanish Inquisition

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Spanish Inquisition
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Islamic Invasions

• 711 Muslim (Moorish) invasion
• Beginning of RECONQUEST liberate Spain from
  Muslim control
• Al Andalus Moorish name for Iberia

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Conversions

• A Jew that converts to Christianity was known as
  a Converso
• A Moor who converts to Christianity was known as
  a Morisco

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Jews, Moors Christians

• Jews protected by king too important to commerce
• Moriscos (Moors) live away from Christians
  (mainly in the South in Grenada)
• Christians dominate Spain
• Convivencia Co-existence
• Helped bring classical ideas to Spain
• Medicine, philosophy
• Toledo

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Pogroms of 1391

• Mass Conversions to Christianity (20,000 Jews)
• Jews become a race and no longer just a religion

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Limpieza de Sangre (Blood Purity)

• Before the Pogroms of 1391, Jew is part of a
  religion
• Conversions mean they are Christians and equal
• Old vs. New Christians

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Blood Libel -- Mid 1400s

• Propaganda against Jews
• Stories told of Jews stealing Christian babies
  and sacrificing them at night.
• Widespread Fear
• La Guardia Trial sorcery and the murder of a
  Christian child. Used as a tool in order to
  provoke complete expulsion of Jews (and
  Conversos)

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Unification of Spain

• Spanish Kingdoms, Civil War 1474-79
• Isabella (Castile) marries the Prince of Aragon,
  Ferdinand V (1479)
• Castile Aragon United Spain (Northern see
  map, following slide)
• All that remains is to reclaim southern Spain

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1492

• Invasion of Grenada (Spain is completely unified)
• Expulsion of the Jews

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Torquemada

• 1483 Grand Inquisitor of both Castile and Aragon
  
• Anti-Semitic. Wants expulsion of the Jews.
• Powerful Confessor (primary spiritual advisor)
  to Isabella.

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The Spanish Inquisition

• Pope Sixtus IV signs the Papal Bull in 1478.
  Spain has the right to start the Inquisition.
• Isabella and Ferdinand will be the most
  Catholic of monarchs
• They become active defenders of the faith
• Holy Office - Organization of the Inquisitors.
• Heresy Wrong Thinking
• Inactive until the La Guardia Trial in 1491.
• 1478-1530 Most active period of the Inquisition

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How to Find Heresy

• Look for people who are . .
• Not Eating Pork
• Using Olive Oil
• Reading Prohibited Books
• Secretly practicing Judaism

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Why did the Inquisition Start?

• Money confiscation of resources
• Racism Christians were blaming Jews for killing
  Jesus.
• Religion Some believed there was only one true
  faith

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How did the Inquisition Work

• Edict of Grace (7days 30days)
• Denunciation
• Reconciliation

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Makeup of the Inquisition

• Suprema (1488) 6 members rule over the
  Inquisition
• Tribunals courtrooms
• Familiars Spies
• Finances confiscations, fines, penances,
  dispensation.

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Privileges of Member to the Inquisition

• Inspection
• Censor Literature Index of Prohibited Books
• Immunity from other Jurisdictions
• Tax Exemption
• No Quartering of Troops

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The Trial

• Witnesses testify against you, not for you
• Enemies You could confess by naming others
  (revenge on enemies)

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Torture

• Toca Water Torture
• Potro The Rack
• Garrucha Hung by ceiling

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Autos de Fé

• Act of Faith
• Sanbenito
• Burned In Effigy

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Moriscos

• April 4 , 1609 Expulsion of the Moriscos
• Led to Economic Problems
• Spain had little commercial activity

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The End of the Inquisition

• The French Revolution of 1789 would cause the
  Inquisition to disband.
• Diversion of resources
• After the Revolution the Cortes de Cadiz chose
  not to include the Inquisition in the new
  constitution.

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The Inquisition and Witchcraft

• Over 110,000 witches were killed in Europe.
• Less than 100 killed in Spain