Spanish Inquisition

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Spanish Inquisition
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Islamic Invasions

• 711 Islams invade Iberian Peninsula
• Known as the Moors.
• The Reconquest Begins in Spain
• 732 AD Battle of Tours
• Al Andalus

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Medieval Inquisition 10th Century

• Cathars Southern Gaul (2 gods)
• Purgatory is formed
• Selling of Indulgences

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Conversions

• A Jew that converts to Christianity was known as
  a Converso
• A Moor who converts to Christianity was known as
  a Morisco

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Jews, Moors Christians

• Jews protected by king
• Tax Farmers
• Loans
• Moriscos live away from Christians (mainly in the
  South in Grenada)
• Christians dominate Spain (Laws)
• Convivencia

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Pogroms of 1391

• Fernan Martinez
• Mass Conversions to Christianity (20,000 Jews)
• Jews become a race and no longer just a religion

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Limpieza de Sangre (Blood Purity)

• Before the Pogroms of 1391, Jew is part of a
  religion
• Conversions mean they are Christians and equal
• Old vs. New Christians

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Blood Libel Mid 1400s

• Propaganda against Jews
• Stories told of Jews stealing Christian babies
  and sacrificing them at night.
• Very effective (Fear travels through all
  Christians)
• La Guardia Trial

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Unification of Spain

• Spanish Civil War (Isabella vs. Juana) 1474-79
• Isabella marries the Prince of Aragon Ferdinand V
• Castile and Aragon are now united and Spain is
  United

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Torquemada

• 1483 becomes Grand Inquisitor of both Castile and
  Aragon (this is the only organization that
  Castile and Aragon have in common)
• Very powerful, austere stern man and very
  Anti-Semitic. Helps to push the expulsion of the
  Jews.
• Confessor to Isabella

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The Spanish Inquisition

• Pope Sixtus IV signs the Papal Bull in 1478,
  which gives Spain the right to start the
  Inquisition.
• Holy Office- Organization of the Inquisitors.
• Heresy Wrong Thinking
• First few years, inactive until the La Guardia
  Trial in 1491.
• 1478-1530 Most active period of the Inquisition

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Heresy

• Not Eating Pork
• Using Olive Oil
• Reading Prohibited Books
• Practicing Judaism

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How did the Inquisition Work

• Edict of Grace (7days 30days)
• Denunciation
• Reconciliation

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Why did the Inquisition Start (3 theories)

• Money Money Money Confiscation of goods.
• Racism Christians were blaming Jews for killing
  Jesus Christ.
• Religion Some believed they really had to
  convert to Catholicism.

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1492

• Invasion of Grenada (Spain is completely unified)
• Expulsion of the Jews

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Makeup of the Inquisition

• Suprema (1488) 6 members that rules over the
  Inquisition
• Tribunals makeshift courtrooms
• Familiars Spies
• Finances confiscations, fines, penances,
  dispensation.

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Privileges of Member to the Inquisition

• A. Inspection
• B. Censor Literature Index of Prohibited Books
  
• C. Immunity from other Jurisdictions
• D. Tax Exemption
• E. No Quartering of Troops

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The Trial

• A. Lawyers Defense lawyers emerge
• B. Witnesses could testify
• C. Enemies Name your enemies

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Torture

• Toca Water Torture
• Potro The Rack
• Garrucha Hung by ceiling

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Autos de Fé

• Act of Faith
• Sanbenito
• Burned In Effigy

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Moriscos Witchcraze

• April 4 , 1609 Expulsion of the Moriscos
• Led to Economic Problems
• Over 110,000 witches were killed in Europe.
• Less than 100 killed in Spain

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The End of the Inquisition

• The French Revolution of 1789 would cause the
  Inquisition to disband.
• After the Revolution, a new government arose in
  Spain Cortes de Cadiz and they chose not to
  include the Inquisition in the new constitution.