Lower back pain =??

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Lower back pain ??
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lt1gt Lumbar spine
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Lordosis
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Lumbar spine
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Body ring
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Spinal cord
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Cauda equina
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Electrical system
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Spinal segment
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Intervertebral disc
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Facet joint
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Neutral foramen
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Lumbar thick ligament
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Muscle of the low back
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lt2gt Cause

• 1. Degeneration
• - small cracks and tears
• - arthritis in the facet joints
• - squeezes

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- small cracks and tears - arthritis in the
facet joints - squeezes
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2. Mechanical and Neurogenic Pain

• 1) Mechanical pain

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• 2) Neurogenic pain

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3. Spine Conditions

• annular tears
• internal disc disruption
• herniated disc
• facet joint arthritis
• segmental instability
• spinal stenosis
• foraminal stenosis

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1) Annular tear
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2) Internal disc disruption
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3) herniated disc
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4) Facet joint arthritis
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5) Segmental instability
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Spondylolysis
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Spondylolisthesis
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6) Spinal stenosis
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7) Foraminal stenosis
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Scoliosis
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Kyphosis
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Lordosis
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lt3gt Symptoms

• low back pain
• pain spreading into the buttocks and thighs
• pain radiating from the buttock to the foot
• back stiffness and reduced range of motion
• muscle weakness in the hip, thigh, leg, or foot
• sensory changes (numbness, prickling, or
  tingling) in the leg, foot, or toes

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This is an emergency
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lt4gt Diagonsis

• Radiological Imaging
• ?. X-ray

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• ?.MRI (magnetic resonance
• imaging)

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• ?. Myelogram

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• ?. Discogram

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• ?. ??
• CT(computed tomography)
• Bone scane
• EMG
• Laboratory Tests

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lt5gt Treatment

• Nonsurgical Treatment
• ?. Bed rest
• ?. Back brace
• ?. Medication
• ?. Physical therapy and exercise
• ?. Injection

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2. Surgery

• ?. Laminectomy

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• ?. Discectomy

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• ?. Lumbar Fusion

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lt6gt Rehabilitation

• 1. Nonsurgical Rehabilitation

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• 2. After Surgery

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Neck pain
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lt1gt Cervical spine
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Cervical curve
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Vertebral body
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Body ring, Nerve root
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Spinal segment
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Intervertebral disc
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Cervical facet joint
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Cervical neural foramina
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lt2gt Causes of neck pain

1. Spondylosis
2. Degenerative Disc Disease

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• 3. Muscle Strain
• 4. Mechanical Neck Pain

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• 5. Radiculopathy (Pinched Nerve)
• - Degeneration
• - Herniated Disc
• - Spinal Instability

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• 6. Spinal Stenosis (Cervical Myelopathy)

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Torticolis
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lt3gt Symptoms

• neck pain
• headaches
• pain spreading into the upper back or down the
  arm
• neck stiffness and reduced range of motion
• muscle weakness in the shoulder, arm, or hand
• sensory changes (numbness, prickling, or
  tingling) in the forearm, hand, or fingers

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lt4gt Diagnosis

• Radiological Imaging
• ?. X-rays
• ?. MRI
• ?. CT scan
• ?. Myelogram
• ?. Bone Scan
• ?. Other Tests
• - EMG
• - Laboratory test

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lt5gt Treatment

1. Nonsurgical Treatment
2. Medications
3. Soft Neck Collar
4. Ice and Heat Applications
5. Physical Therapy
6. Injections

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• 2. Surgery
• ?. foraminotomy

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• ?. laminectomy

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• ?. Discectomy

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• ?. Cervical Fusion

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