Celiac Disease

1
Celiac Disease

• Joshua Hoang

2
Definition

• Celiac Disease is a digestive condition that is
  triggered by the intake of gluten which causes
  damage to the small intestine which results in
  the intestine inability to absorb nutrients
  Bunch (2003)
• It is a tropical infection and is also known as
  celiac sprue or gluten-induced enteropathy.
• Because the bodys own immune system causes
  the damage CD is
  classed as an autoimmune
  disorder
• People with CD cannot tolerate gluten, a protein
  with wheat, rye, barley
  and possibly oats
• Gluten is found mainly in foods but may also be
  found in products we use
  every day, such as
  medicines, and vitamins.

CD Celiac Disease
http//semnceliacs.org/pics/nihceliac.gif
3
History

• It was discovered in 250 A.D. by a Greek
  physician named Areteus of Cappadocia
• He defined this disorder as koiliakos which
  meant suffering in the bowels
• Francis Adams translated his writings from Greek
  to English during 1856 for the Sydenham society
  in England
• Francis Adams called it Celiac Disease

bowels intestines
4
Causes

• The exact cause of CD is unknown
• Partly genetic, strongly familial
• Most forms of CD are inherited
• If someone in your family has CD the chances are
  5 to 15 that you may have it as well.
• CD cannot be caught from another person and may
  occur at anytime in a persons life
• Sometimes the disease is triggered after surgery,
  pregnancy, childbirth, viral infections, or
  severe emotional stress.

Celiac Disease effects 1 in 133 people
5
Symptoms

• The classic symptoms include
• Abdominal cramping
• Chronic diarrhea
• Anemia
• Weight loss
• Other symptoms may include
• Bone Pain
• Depression
• Fatigue
• Painful Skin rashes
• Delayed Growth

Celiac Disease is associated with a group on
genes on Chromosome 6
6
Symptoms..

• The symptoms may occur as early as when a baby
  starts eating food
• The symptoms may or may not occur in the
  digestive system. For example, one person might
  have diarrhea and abdominal pain while another
  person suffers through depression
• A person with CD may or may not even experience
  any symptoms
• If they do experience symptoms they
  may experience both
  physical
  symptoms as well as emotional
  symptoms
  
  

http//www.celiac.org/images/img_faceofceliac.jpg
7
Effects

• Normally the small intestine is lined with tiny,
  hair like projections called villi
• The purpose of the villi is to slow the passage
  of food, and to allow
• food particles to be captured in
• among these finger-like villi
• so that the blood inside the villi
• can absorb the nutrients in the
• food

http//www.celiac.org/images/img_villi.gif
8
Effects..

• When people with CD ingest gluten, the villi in
  the small intestine that are suppose to absorb
  nutrients from foods are damaged
• This is due to an immunological reaction to
  gluten
• Eventually, decreased absorption on nutrients can
  cause vitamin deficiencies that deprive your own
  brain peripheral nervous system, bones, liver and
  other organs of vital nourishment.

http//www.bbc.co.uk/food/images/villi_280x90.jpg
Here it shows the comparison between normal
villi and damaged villi.
http//www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/dige
stion/stomach/salmonella.jpg
9
Effects..
1
3
2
Here you can see damaged villi
Here you can see healthy villi in the small
intestine
Lastly, here is completely damaged villi
http//www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/glutenal
lergy.htm
10
Effects..

• Long term conditions if CD is left untreated
• Lymphoma and adenocarcinoma
• These are cancers that can form in the small
  intestine
• Osteoporosis
• This is a condition where your bones become weak,
  brittle, and fragile
• This is due to poor calcium absorption
• Miscarriage and congenital malformation
• Causes neural tube defects in babies
• Due to nutrient absorption problems
• Short Stature
• results when childhood celiac disease prevents
  nutrient absorption
• during the years when nutrition is critical to
  a childs normal growth
• and development

http//www.soylabs.com/img/osteoporosis.jpg
11
Diagnosis

• Because CD is hereditary, family members of a
  person with CD may need to be tested
• Series of blood tests, x-rays, and a biopsy of
  the intestinal lining may be required
• To confirm a diagnosis a doctor can
  microscopically examine a small portion of
  intestinal tissue to check any characteristic
  damage to the villi

http//health.yahoo.com/media/mayoclinic/images/im
age_popup/intestinal_big.jpg
http//www.gcarlson.com/images/villi.jpg
12
Treatment

• Treatment is important because people with CD
  could develop more complications such as cancer,
  osteoporosis, and anemia
• If CD is left untreated damage to the small
  intestine can be chronic and life threatening
• Currently there is no cure for CD and it remains
  lifelong
• The only treatment for CD is the lifelong
  adherence to a gluten free diet.
• All grain products except rice must be removed
  from the diet indefinitely
• If gluten is removed from the diet, the small
  intestine will start to heal and overall health
  improves
• Complete healing and regrowth of the villi may
  take several months in younger people and as long
  as two to three years in older people.

The Gluten Diet is a lifelong commitment
13
Future Outlook / Research

• A cure for CD is currently trying to be found
• Removing all damaging grains from the diet is the
  most important measure you can take to become
  healthy.
• Current research is under way in a effort to
  understand the pathogenesis (cause, development,
  and effects) of CD and is taking place worldwide.
  
• This effort is fuelled by the appreciation that
  CD represents a unique example of an autoimmune
  disease
• Therefore, scientists view CD as a model to
  tackle key questions on the pathogenic mechanisms
  involved in other autoimmune diseases

14
Reference Page
American Academy of Family Physicians. (1998).
Detecting Celiac Disease in your Parents.
Retrieved April 7, 2007 on the world wide web.
lthttp//www.celiac.org/cd-main.phpgt Bunch,
Byran. (2003). Diseases. (Vol.8 pp 11-12).
Grolier Educational. Celiac Sprue Association.
(2004). Celiac Disease Defined. Retrieved April
8, 2007 on the world wide web. lthttp//www.csaceli
acs.orggt Jane Marie Smith. (2002). Celiac
Disease. In Magills Medical Guide (Vol. 1 pp
373). California Salem Press Inc. National
Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse.
(2005). Celiac Disease. Retrieved March 23, 2007
on the world wide web. lthttp//digestive.niddk.ni
h.gov/diseases/pubs/celiacgt
15
Reference Page..
The Online Medical Network. (2006). Celiac
Disease. Retrieved February 28, 2007 on the world
wide web. lthttp//www.mdadvice.com/library/symp/
illness74.htmlgt