The Romans in

1
The Romans in
Britain

• Jachym Fanta

2
Times before the Romans

• The Celts
• Not unified, divided into tribes
• fighting each other
• More natural or native civilization
• (X Romans - very technical civilization)

3
Roman Invasion

• 55 BC Julius Caesar first invaded Britain to
  teach the Britons a lesson - the Celts supported
  the Gauls
• landed on the coast of Kent, demonstrated his
  strength and returned to Gaul (France)
• 54 BC came back with more soldiers (cavalery)
• Pax romana x no conquest

4
Roman Invasion

• 43 AD Emperor Claudius invaded Britain
• this time the Romans came to stay
• Celts fierce fighting till they were captured
• Celts - friendly relations with the Romans (kept
  their kingdoms)

5
Roman Invasion

• 47 AD legions in SW (Cornwall), West (Wales),
  North (Humber river)
• Constructing a system of military roads
• Londinium was founded
• 60 AD borders had been pushed further

6
Roman Invasion

• 61 AD queen Boudicca launched an uprising
• almost managed to dislodge the Romans
• was defeated and killed
• 77 AD Agricola became an imperial governor
• he succeeded in conquering the Welsh tribes
• Roman conquest of Britain was complete except for
  Caledonia (Scotland)
• he dreamt about conquering Ireland, but that
  never happened

7
Roman Invasion

• 122 AD Roman Emperor Hadrian built Hadrians
  Wall between Roman Britain and Scotland
• 6 years to build it, 117 km long, forts
• it was built as a defence from the Scottish
  Barbarians
• 142 AD the Romans started to build Antonines
  Wall (Hadrians successor Antoninus Pius) further
  in the north, but later abandoned

8
Picture of hadrians wall
9
Roman Invasion

• Britannia England Wales
• the Celts adapted to Roman customs
• they lived in villas, spoke Latin
• the tribal centres developed into Roman towns
• 216 AD Britain divided into two provinces -
  Britannia Superior (SW) and Britannia Inferior
  (N)

10
Romans Decline

• around 300 AD the attack of the barbarian
  hordes to the Roman Empire in central Europe
• some troops withdrawn to help
• attacks in the Nothern Britain from Scots, Irish
  and Picts
• 409 AD last Roman soldiers pulled out
• Romanised Celts left alone
• Gaul in the hands of barbarian rulers in the 5th
  century no return of Romans to Britain

11
The Roman Influence

• Roads straight, important for Roman army
• Buildings
• timber and daub little evidence nowadays
• stone, brick and tile
• Wealthy citizens
• in the city domus
• in the countryside villas
• Lower class flats called insulae
• New animals and plants (chickens, chestnut trees)

12
Influences

• Towns
• the Forum a market place, businesses and
  government offices, temples
• public baths, still in the city of Bath in
  Sommerset
• running water and sewers, aqueducts
• mosaics, pipes with water, central heating under
  the floors in houses of rich people
• the biggest London, Colchester, St. Albans
• latin word for camp castra, chester in old
  English once a Roman town (Doncaster,
  Dorchester, Cirencester)

13
Influences

• Language many words are based on Latin words,
  our alphabet is based on Latin alphabet
• The Calendar started by Julius Caesar, names of
  our months taken from the names of Roman gods and
  rulers
• Law and legal system
• Literacy
• Political unity

14
Roman dominion
By monty python
...and now for something completely different
15
THE END