From the First to the Second Scientific Revolution

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From the First to the Second Scientific Revolution
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The Scientific Revolution
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Two Main Threads of Physics

• Macro Motion, Time, and Space
• Micro Constitution of Matter

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Aristotelian Physics

• World was divided into two realms
• Heavenly and terrestrial bodies separated by the
  moon in a geocentric system
• Above the moon Perfect circular motions
• Below the moon Everything is made of four
  elements (fire, air, water, and earth) and most
  bodies fall to the center of earth heavier
  bodies fall faster than lighter ones

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Copernican Heliocentric Astronomy
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Galileos New Physics

• Revolutionary combination of mathematics and
  experimentation
• Law of Inertia (circular)
• Copernican Astronomy with telescope
• Unified motions heavenly and on earth

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Newton

• Three Laws of Motion
• Law of Gravitation
• Culmination of the Scientific Revolution

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Physics by Late 19th Century

• Newtonian mechanics
• Faraday-Maxwell Theory of Electromagnetism and
  Light
• Atomic theory of matter
• Thermodynamics

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Clouds on the Horizon

• Roentgens and X-ray, 1895
• Becquerel and Radioactivity, 1896
• Thomson and Electron, 1896
• Marie and Pierre Curie and Radium, 1898
• Rutherford and Transmutation
• Max Planck and the Quantum Proposal, 1900