Diapositive 1

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International Conference on Traditional Forest
Related Knowledge Sustainable Forest
Management in Africa
TRADITIONNAL AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS IN TOGO
VARIABILITY ACCORDING TO LATITUDE AND LOCAL
COMMUNITIES
WALA K.1, GUELLY A.K.1, BATAWILA K. 1, DOURMA M.
1, SINSIN B.2 AKPAGANA K. 1 1  Laboratory of
Botany and Plant Ecology, University of Lomé, Po
Box 1515 Lomé TOGO 2  Laboratory of Applied
Ecology, University of Abomey-Calavi 01BP 526,
Cotonou - BENIN
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UNFORTUNATELY
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WEST AFRICA
TWO MAJORS TRADITIONAL PRACTICES WHICH
CONTRIBUTE TO FOREST DIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Sacred forests and trees
Traditional agroforestry systems
SUBJECT OF THIS COMMUNICATION
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Particularity of agrarian landscape in tropical
Africa presence of trees conserved and keep up
by the farmers
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Wala et al. 2003,
Togo small country of West Africa, about 56600
Km², between Ghana (west) and Benin (east) and
Burkina Faso (north)
Wala et al. 2005,
Vegetation Mainly covered by savannah except the
southwest zone covered by semi-deciduous forests
Guelly et al. 1999, Guelly 2000,
Climate sub-equatorial in the south, and
tropical sudanian in the north (latitudinal
gradient of climate characteristics)
Population estimated to 5337000 with 70 to 80
percent rural diversity of ethnic groups (40)
with agriculture and breeding as major economic
activities.
Padakale 2005,
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STUDYS AIMS

• Inventory traditional agrosytems in each
  ecological zone
• Analyze the structure of these agrosystems
  (species diversity, density, etc.)
• Determine species uses (economical and cultural)

This is a synthesis which aims to show the
variability of agrosystems in Togo following
latitudinal gradient and local communities
practices.
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Three types of traditional agroforestry systems
were identified1. home garden, 2. farm
parkland, 3. multistage farms (agroforest)
practice in cocoa and coffee plantations. 
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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HOME GARDENS
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Home garden Agroforestry systems located around
houses widely distributed across the country
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Farm parklands
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Farm parklands
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Multistage farms Preservation in the cash
crop plantations, of some forest trees, which
will give their shade to coffee and cocoa plants
as well as another multipurpose services. is
about 260 to 500 trees/ha.
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Multistage farms Species richness 79
speciesShannon diversity index is about 3.47
bits Evenness is medium (0.69). density is
about 260 to 500 trees/ha.
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Floristic composition variation

• Cluster analysis shows at 60 of dissemblance
  three groups of sites
• the forest zone site (Badou)
• the costal zone (Kévé)
• The sudanian zone sites (Niamtougou and Dapaong)

Difference in species composition of agroforestry
systems between the different ecological zones.
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Phytogeographic affinities of study sites
Sudano-zambesian species dominate agrosystems in
sudanian zones with respectively 57.85 at
Niamtougou an 38 at Dapaong
Guineo-cogolian species (68 and 35
respectively) dominate agrosystems in forest zone
(plateau) and costal region
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1. Traditional agroforestry systems show that
local communities are able to grow diverse tree
species. Fundaments of this practice numerous
advantages (alimentary leaves, flowers, seeds,
oil energetic (fire-wood) forage medicinal
timber soil improving cultural needs etc.)2.
Management of trees in agrosystems contributes to
keep some vegetation cover in the farming spaces
(ecological advantage by protecting soil against
erosion and favoring fast reforestation of
fallows)3. Agroforestry systems are widely
dominated by phytogeographical species that are
typical to climatic zone proof that local
communities identify useful species in their
surrounding environment and then conserve and
protect them in situ.
MAJOR LESSONS
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• 4. Some introduced fruit-species like Mangifera
  indica, Citrus spp., Carica papaya, Annona spp.,
  etc. have a widely distribution spectrum.
• 5. Different species are used for the same
  purpose in different climatic zone
• sheanut tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) constitutes
  the main source of oil, sudanian communities
  while in the forest and costal zone there is
  Elaeis guinenesis
• In the forest zone timber trees are Milicia
  excelsa, Antiaris africana, Parinari glabra, P.
  excelsa, Erythrophleum suaveolens, Khaya
  grandifoliola, Alstonia boonei, Ceiba pentandra,
  Aubrevillea kerstingii, Piptadeniastrum
  africanum, while the sudanian zone, they are
  Khaya senegalensis, Afzelia africana, Pterocarpus
  erinaceus, Diopyros mespiliformis.

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6. Difference between species composition and
density of parklands in southern and northern
sudanian zone could also be explained by
difference in rainfall.
Considering high rate of population in rural
areas and land scarcity, the agroforestry systems
are a good alternative for land management.
Agroforestry improvement will contribute to have
an adequate tree cover in farmland, and to assure
food security and revenues in rural areas in the
tropics

• Policies making in Agroforestry development must
  take into acount
• Ecological conditions,
• Local communities needs and practices

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION !