Chap 1 notes

1
Class Topics
Title Anat Phys 8/24/06
Objectives

• Begin Chap 1, the basics of anatomy and
  physiology.

• Chap 1 notes
• Directional terminology
• Body planes
• Body cavities
• Characteristics of life
• Homeostasis
• Negative feedback
• Positive feedback
• Discovery consists of seeing what everybody else
  has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.
• Albert von Szent-Gyorgyi

Monday, November 16, 2009 448 PM
2
Class Assignments
By When
What

• Article Review 8/24/06
• Read 2000 m Row 8/28/06
• Chapter 1 Test 8/30/06
• Due this class period
• Due next class period
• Due in the future

3
Directional Terminology

• Superior (cranial)
• Inferior (caudal)
• Anterior (ventral)
• Posterior (dorsal)
• Medial
• Lateral
• Superficial (external)
• Deep (internal)
• Proximal
• Distal

4
Body Planes

• Imaginary lines used to divide the body
• Frontal (Coronal)
• Sagittal
• Mid-Sagittal
• Transverse (Horizontal)

5
Levels of organization

• Chemical
• atoms/molecules
• Cellular
• smallest functional unit
• Tissue
• epithelial
• connective
• muscular
• nervous

6
Levels of Organization

• Organ
• two or more types of tissues working together
• System
• 11 systems
• Organism
• all systems working together
• used for survival and reproduction

7
SystemsName the 11 systems

• Which one isnt necessary?

8
Body Cavities

• Dorsal
• cranial
• vertebral

9
Body Cavities

• Ventral
• thoracic
• pleural
• pericardial
• mediastinum
• abdominopelvic
• abdomen
• pelvic

10
Characteristics of life

• Organization
• Metabolism
• Anabolism
• Catabolism

11
Characteristics of Life

• Excitability
• Stimuli
• Muscle and nerve cells
• Growth and Reproduction
• hypertrophy and hyperplasia

12
Homeostasis

• Internal environment of the body kept relatively
  stable
• state without change
• Actually to maintain this our bodies are
  constantly changing
• Hypothalamus - thermostat

13
Homeostasis

• Hot
• Cold

14
Negative Feedback Loop

• Used to maintain a stable internal environment
• Triggered by changes in the norm
• usually temperature, pH, or hormonal

From http//www.biology-online.org/4/2_water_home
ostasis.htm
15
Negative Feedback
From http//cgee.hamline.edu/see/questions/dp_bal
ance/dp_bal_feedback.htm
16
http//www.polk.edu/INSTRUCT/Mash/drubin/hsc2554/S
tudy20Questions/SQ25.htm
17
http//instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/biog105/p
ages/demos/105/unit8/hormones.html
18
Positive feedback

• Birth
• Oxytocin (causes contractions) is released due to
  pressure on the cervix
• More oxytocin is released due to increased
  pressure on the cervix
• Ends when the fetus is expelled
• Bleeding
• clotting yields more clotting yielding more
  clotting - eventually stopped by stopped blood
  flow